Principality of Piombino
The Principality of Piombino was a small Italian state that existed - initially as an independent rule - from 1399 until it was integrated into the Principality of Lucca and Piombino by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1805 . When the new principality was later dissolved, Piombino came to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany .
history
In the High Middle Ages, Piombino, as an independent city-state of the Holy Roman Empire, was one of many small principalities that were only regionally significant, such as Volterra , San Gimignano and many others. Later it came under the rule of Pisa and in 1399 was awarded along with Elba by Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan in thanks to Gherardo Appiano for his betrayal of Pisa and fortified by it. In 1509 Piombino became an imperial direct and in 1594 it became a principality. It later came to the Ludovisi family , later by marriage to the Bolognese Boncompagni. In 1735 the time of Piombino ended as an imperial fief. Since the princes of Piombino came into conflict with the Habsburg rule in the Kingdom of Naples and lived in exile in the Papal State, the time of Piombino as an imperial fief de facto ended in 1735. The princes took the Piombino now as a fiefdom of the Bourbon kings of Naples.
In the course of the conquest of Italy by French troops, the last ruling prince was deposed in 1799. In 1801 the principality was annexed to France. Napoleon I gave the principality to his sister Elisa Bacciocchi as a French imperial fief in 1805 . The Vienna Congress Act only gave the Boncompagni-Ludovisi house back the title of prince in 1815, while the Principality of Piombino became part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and has belonged to Italy since 1860 in return for a transfer fee .
The Boncompagni-Ludovisi family has held the title of prince to this day, and has been the 12th Prince of Piombino since 2018.
Lords of Piombino
- Gherardo Appiano, 1399-1404
- Iacopo II. Appiani, 1404-1441
- Paola Appiani Colonna, 1441-1445
- Rinaldo Orsini, 1445-1450
- Caterina Appiani, 1445-1451
- Emanuele Appiani, 1451-1457
- Iacopo III. Appiani, 1457-1474
- Iacopo IV. Appiani, 1474-1511
- Iacopo V. Appiani, 1511-1545
- Iacopo VI. Appiani, 1545-1585
- Alessandro Appiani, 1585-1589
Princes of Piombino
- Iacopo VII. Appiani, 1589-1603
- Emperor Rudolf II , 1603–1611
- Isabella Appiani, 1611-1628
- King Philip IV of Spain
- Niccolò I. Ludovisi, 1634–1664, 1659–1662 Viceroy of Aragón
- Giovan Battista Ludovisi, 1664-1699
- Niccolò II. Ludovisi, under the reign of his mother Anna Maria Arduino, 1699–1700
- Olimpia Ludovisi 1700-1700
- Ippolita Ludovisi, with Gregorio Boncompagni as co-regent, 1701–1733
- Maria Eleonora Boncompagni, 1734-1745
- Gaetano Boncompagni-Ludovisi, 1745-1777
- Antonio Boncompagni-Ludovisi, 1778–1805, deposed in 1799
- Elisa Baciocchi , 1805-1808
- Felice Boncompagni-Ludovisi, 1808-1814