Villa Haas
| Villa Haas | ||
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_Auffahrt.jpg) Rhododendron lines the driveway to the manor house and coach house |
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| Data | ||
| place | Sense at Herborn | |
| architect | Ludwig Hofmann | |
| Architectural style | historicism | |
| Construction year | 1892 | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 39 '29 " N , 8 ° 19' 39" E | |
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The Villa Haas is a historic villa in Sinn in the central Hessian Lahn-Dill district , on the western edge of the Hörre and at the foot of the Lahn-Dill-Bergland nature park .
The villa, the park and the surrounding complex "Hansastraße / Rudolfstraße" are cultural monuments due to their historical and artistic importance.
It is one of the few remaining systems from the time of industrialization in Central Hesse and tells the story of the artistic demands of the client and his family. The building and its surroundings give the visitor a lot of information about how it was created. It reports on the times of the empire, the dictatorship, the democracy, gains authenticity and is remembered with its typical style.
Emergence
The manor house , outbuildings ( Remise ) and park are based on a design by the Herborn architect Ludwig Hofmann (1862–1933), who was commissioned in 1892 by the Secret Commerce Councilor Rudolf Haas , owner of the Neuhoffnungshütte , a company based on the left bank of the Dill in Sinn , with the construction of the neighboring building .
Residents
Rudolf Haas (* 1843; † 1916) ran the Neuhoffnungshütte W. Ernst Haas & Sohn . He invested for the future and advocated technical innovation. The Neuhoffnungshütte near Sinn operated iron stone mining as well as an iron foundry with hearth and furnace production , puddle , sawmill and rolling mill , horseshoe factory , bar drawing, wire drawing, wire pin factory and sheet metal and coppersmiths for boiler furnaces. As a coal and steel entrepreneur, Rudolf Haas was a co-founder of the Ironworks People's Association (today the VDEh Steel Institute ) and a member of the renowned Wiesbaden Nassau Association for Natural History .
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Otto Rudolf Haas (* 1878; † 1956) took over the management of the company as managing partner until 1938. He was a board member of the Dillenburg Chamber of Commerce and the local employers' association. After 1945 it was briefly occupied by American officers and refugees were quartered.
Haas' successor as head of the company, Helmut Prawitz (* 1893; † 1982), long-time President of the Dillenburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry and recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit in 1954 and honorary citizen of the Sinn community in 1968, lived in the villa until 1976. He was an early sponsor of the Architects Hermann Fehling and designer Peter Raacke . Until 1977 the first floor was used as a film and photo studio for advertising shoots.
At the end of 1977 Klaus F. Müller, whose family was in the third generation associated with the Neuhoffnungshütte, acquired the property from the company owned by W. Ernst Haas & Sohn. The architect Helmut Müller (1919–1990) remodeled and renovated with the planning of a dental practice including a laboratory. His son, who is considered one of the pioneers of German oral implantology , ran his practice here until 2007.
architecture
The style elements of the two-storey large-volume property include richly hewn ashlar structures above the basement, window and gable motifs bordered with sandstone, which are based on the German neo-Renaissance . The roof and gable formations with porticoes , several arbors (Söller), coupled windows (biforium) and the narrow bell tower appear picturesque . 22 chimney flues and seven different types Gaube, bow window and bay windows are details of the architectural elements. The front stair tower with a roof helmet, mining symbol and leaded glass window with motifs of Rhine romanticism by the German landscape painter Johann Heinrich Schilbach as well as the detailed facades reinforce this overall impression. Components worth protecting are also a small pavilion (tea house) and the wrought-iron main and secondary portals.
View from the southwest
View from the east
View from the northeast
View from the north
Conservatory (above cistern ), arcade
Boss cube of Lung stone at the base
Bell tower with chimes
View from the first floor to the south
Architecture details
The stately main entrance to the stair tower is designed in the style of an archivolt . The traditional decorations in the red Main sandstone end in a slightly cantilevered segment gable . This is continued by a correspondingly rounded glass roof for weather protection. Lateral supports of the riveted construction consist of heavy wrought iron consoles richly decorated in the historicist style. The incorporated glass plates, however, indicate where they are kept in color, the emerging Art Nouveau .
The oak-carved double-winged portal is characterized by stylish applications that reflect the essence of the building. In addition to various profiles and turned supports, this includes diamond boss formations in square fillings, plait motifs and two pointed gables. Two light outlets placed behind them have ornamental grilles designed with rosettes, which are provided with the initials NH (Neuhoffnungshütte). Inside there are rotating casement windows made of lead glass. The cast brass door knob with the opposite door handle complete the overall artistic impression. Flanking the step are two bronze rabbits as doormats. In the paved forecourt, the family coat of arms is represented by colored stone mosaics.
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The vestibule can be reached via the vestibule and the cloakroom. Original furnishings such as terrazzo floors , stucco , wall paneling and parquet are still preserved today. Some of the chimneys have neoclassical applications made of natural stone such as Lahn marble and Belgian granite, but neo-historical elements with large-scale ceramics and motifs from the zodiac signs so popular during the Renaissance have also been added. The 12 relief plates come from Villeroy and Boch , correspond to the historicizing style of postmodernism and are signed J.Hortös. All cellar vaults consist of the barrel vaults developed in the 19th century , which are also called the Prussian cap ceiling and are characterized by high load capacity and moisture resistance.
Claims of historical living culture
Incidence of daylight through varied windows, such as cross or fighter windows . Well-balanced room proportions and optimal alignment of the polygonal building. Shading and heat protection (were planned in 1892 and implemented in a high quality). The separate floor access via the stair tower is typical of the new, upscale living culture. All private rooms are connected by locks, secret doors and hatches so that family members could reach every room without being seen by visitors or servants from the hallway or forecourt. The attic was used to house the domestic workers, children and visitors. Walk-in storage chambers contained z. B. vanities or the drive of the dumbwaiter. An internal electrical bell system ensured easy communication in the house.
A door leads to the extensive attic. In winter it was used to dry laundry and as an additional storage room. The tower clock and formerly the in-house pressurized water storage tank are also located here. A ladder system opens up the roof platform and access to the bell tower with the striking mechanisms .
The servants' entrance on the first floor led to the sewing room and kitchen. The staff reached the laundry room, utility rooms and the well-secured wine cellar via the staircase. The game room was located in the farm building opposite. The rooms of the factotum could be reached in the basement through a separate entrance connected by a loggia.
A staircase with two quarter platforms leads from the winter garden on the mezzanine floor to the white-pebbled park paths. In this area, the architect relies on artistic and material diversity. The first pedestal consists of a console-supported sandstone plate and looks like a pulpit. A wrought-iron railing on cast-iron steps leans against the house cistern, which is rounded outwards. The following platform and the further stairs are made of hand-cut trachyte . It rests on a rising barrel vault made of bricks, which continues on the visible side the facade made of locally broken rubble. At the point where the stairs separate from the building and branch off into the park, they become wider and two-way. Opposite the staircase to the tea house rises from red sandstone . Here the architect succeeds in a synthesis between art in architecture and technology without slipping into the often criticized overloaded style of historicism.
particularities
Furnishing
One of the special features is a cistern with an upstream filter room, which is located under the pavilion-like iron greenhouse (today the winter garden). A food elevator, a second ice cellar , a lobster tank for keeping fish with a new type of ventilation by means of electrically operated piston compressors ( Siemens-Schuckert ) and an electric night storage heater (built in 1910) are also part of the extraordinary equipment at the time.
Lobster tank ventilation
Profane bells ringing
electromechanical weight lift of the tower clock
Bells ringing with the hour and quarter of an hour
A tower clock retrofitted by Perrot , Calw, with an electromagnetic striking mechanism is still in function. The rack-and-pinion mechanism with hour counting (Viennese strike) shows quarter and full hours over two bells from the Rincker bell and art foundry . In 1983 the bronze bell with the inscription “Fortuna Virtutis Comes” (strike note C major) was given a chime with electromechanical drive and control by Friedrich Bokelmann from Herford's electric motor works ( HEW ). As part of the partial restoration, the yoke and bell cage were made of the weather-resistant wood of the Milicia ( Kambala ) to improve the response .
Self-sufficiency
The former nursery, palm house, poultry house and beehive were used for self-sufficiency until the end of the 1960s . A drying and fermentation room was available for tobacco production. An annex to the large ice cellar for the cultivated mushrooms is still preserved . A riding facility was built in the 1990s from the Rupperstmühle farm on the opposite side of the Dill, which was still part of it at that time. To the west of it on the hill is the small Villa Marie. It is a branch built in the 1920s for family members in the middle of a large garden. The approx. 2 hectare large pomological garden, popularly known as the cherry orchard, east of the park of Villa Haas , was used as a short grass pasture and is now built over. This area used to belong to the Nassau domain and had the original features of the German garden with the wingert, orchard, spring and stream .
Relics
From the Second World War, the park still bears witness one in the northern part Flakfundament . Next to it is the entrance of a spacious vault-like deep bunker . A small air raid shelter was built into the mountainside next to the coach house. Above these facilities on the border to Herborn is a ypsilon-shaped water tunnel (built in 1928). There is also a large water-bearing cavern on the rear parking lot. The underground tunnels, often referred to by the population as secret passages to the villa, are more like air shafts and emergency exits. Nowadays they are flooded, partially buried and a habitat for bats.
Riding trails led from the park through the Sinner and Herborner Beilstein (today Dernbachwiesenweg) to the Dill cliffs. According to family accounts, the pavilion at the vantage point , like its counterpart in the villa (tea house), was based on an idea by Lieutenant Colonel Arnold Retzlaff and was destroyed in the workers' unrest in 1928.
park
Design means
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The listed gardens contain rare plants, bushes and trees as well as many stylistic elements and accessories from the historic park. These include ruins with an ice cellar, grotto, arcades, mirror pond, roundabout , fountain, exedra , spiral passage on an artificial hill, putti, dummy cemetery and more. The wrought iron weather station with sundial and the outdoor aviary were unfortunately stolen in 1978.
In order to understand the mountain park and its history, those interested should go on a geological search for traces and also pay attention to various rock collections. They are silent witnesses of more than 100 years of Haas' commitment to mining and metallurgy in the Lahn-Dill-Sieg area. Iron pebbles, volcanic stones, quartzites, green compacts, etc. serve as eye- catchers. The regional representatives of the metamorphic, sedimentary igneous rocks come from the outflowing Rhenish slate mountains and the Hörre zone.
Surroundings
The park is one of the few surviving new creations of historicism and has over a hundred different plant species. It is part of the Beilstein / Hörre area, which was described by Johann Daniel Leers in his Flora Herbornensis in the biodiversity with precise locations in 1775. According to Karl Löber, these lists are "of unsurpassed accuracy and still allow effortless checking".
The reason for the interest of botanists and foresters is the special climate of the lower Dill valley. Compared to the neighboring Hessian Westerwald , the hillside location, protected from north and east winds, has a higher annual average temperature and lower rainfall. A favorable prerequisite for warmth-loving native and exotic trees.
Tricks
Hofmann as a landscape architect cleverly uses optical possibilities to deceive perception. The slope of the garden creates a three-dimensional spatial effect in the style of the Renaissance, which would have required a larger area in the valley. The backdrop of the smoking chimneys, the noise from the foundry and ironworks were deliberately included in the staging. Over the past four decades, attempts have been made to preserve the core park and building in their historical origins as a total work of art. Therefore, the popular decorative equipment and decorations were avoided. In this sense, z. B. also leave the parking lights in the style of objective functionalism ( Bauhaus ).
Parks are subject to contemporary changes. It is no surprise when cultural perspectives on this (Goethe, Kant, Hegel) are questioned and the concept of art is expanded. Until now, the beauty of a park has been a symbol of good nature. One orientated oneself on the bourgeois natural aesthetics. The landscape garden was considered a utopian counterpart to society. The natural beauty was always seen as an addition. With the advent of ecological natural aesthetics ( Gernot Böhme ), the beauty of a park is understood as an ecological structure with its own atmospheres and sensitivities for the people concerned.
Trivia
The coach house from 1892 with a stable for poultry and horses looked very unrepresentative. Then the stables for carriages were expanded and a horse trough fed by a spring was built. The current version from 1910 was built into the slope and looks much larger due to the pseudo-architecture. With a heated workshop, exhaust pipe and inspection pit, motorization made its debut.
Curiosities
At the north-western exit of the park are the remains of a former open-air shower with a relief of the Knight of Berlichingen and the Götz quote ( Swabian greeting ) above the drainage basin. On the vent of the ice cellar is the saying "Hi tut dip heim" in vulgar Latin. In the understanding of medieval linguistic allegories, this means something like: When the fox preaches, watch the geese.
A cannon richly decorated with coats of arms and ornaments has the inscription "Gayre ay Ghapet" on the headpiece. It is placed on the roundabout. Presumably she belonged to the Scottish Minard Castle and the ominous Clan Gayre.
Villa Haas today
The facility is privately owned, has been inhabited by several generations and is therefore not open to the public. As part of cultural events, it is possible to visit the historic garden with a view of the representative staircase. The backdrops are in demand for photo shoots, commercials and regional film productions. All proceeds from this flow as direct donations to a foundation for education in Uganda (Foundation 22stars).
Park plan around 1892
Roundabout
Arcade
pond
grotto
ruin
tea house
Ice cellar (plan)
Wrought iron main portal
Geological rock collection
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literature
- State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse (Ed.): Lahn-Dill-Kreis I. (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Hesse. ) Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1986, ISBN 3-528-06234-7 .
- Friedhelm Gerecke: Historicism, Art Nouveau, Heimatstil in Hessen and the Rhineland. The buildings of the architect and monument conservator Ludwig Hofmann (1862–1933) from Herborn. Verlag Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-86568-458-5 .
- Klaus F. Müller: Park and Villa Haas - Historicism, Art and Lifestyle. Verlag Edition Winterwork, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86468-160-8 .
- Architectural review . 10th year, issue 1, 1894, plates 3–7 (Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, subject of building history).
- Oswald Haenel: Simple villas and country houses. A collection of interesting buildings and original designs by well-known architects at home and abroad. Gilbers'sche Königl. Hof-Verlagbuchhandlung (J.Bleyl), Dresden 1902.
- Gerd Andriessen: 100 years of W. Ernst Haas and son. Special print. Dill newspaper, May 26, 1954.
- Michael Balston: The Well-Furnished Garden. Simon & Schuster, 1987, ISBN 0-671-63474-7 .
- Lothar Abel : The elegant house. Vienna, Pest, Leipzig 1890
- Rainer Laun: Historic building entrances - doors, gates and portals in the Rhein-Neckar district. Journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de
Villa Haas in the press
- Herborner Tageblatt 26.6.17, pp. 1 + 10: Jungfrau grotto and lobster basin - Insights: The Villa Haas is a unique testimony to the architecture of the Wilhelminian era
- Herborner Tageblatt 25.10.18, p. 9: A lot of beautiful cars in a dreamlike setting
- Sunday morning magazine October 29, 2018: Oldtimers who are young at heart in front of a magnificent backdrop
- Herborner Tageblatt 15.8.19: Great weather at "Diner en Blanc"
- Sinner Nachrichten No. 30/2019 P. 7 + 8, No. 31/2019 P. 6, No. 33 P. 7: Garden party in the Villa Haas
Web links
- Official website of Villa Haas , last accessed on March 4, 2020
- State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.): Villa Haas In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hessen
- Industrial culture in Central Hesse: Villa Haas
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Lahn-Dill-Kreis I. S. 352.
- ^ Ingrid Bauert-Keetman, Helmut Prawitz: History of the Neuhoffnungshütte ironworks and the company W. Ernst Haas & Son, Sinn, Dillkreis. Sinn 1963.
- ↑ The old Villa Haas became a dental practice. In: Herborner Tageblatt. 4th November 1978.
- ↑ Anke K. Brinkmann, Egon LW Brinkmann: The history of dental implantology in Germany. ISBN 3-00-000527-7 , pp. 210 and 211.
- ↑ Simone Hoffmann: The world of tea houses. In: Lifestyle. August 21, 2018. (lifestylegewinnspiele.de)
- ^ W. Bauer: Of door fittings, window baskets, weather vanes and other iron items. In: Heimatjahrbuch for the Dillkreis. Volume 14 (1971). Weidenbach, Dillenburg 1970, pp. 53-96.
- ^ Klaus F. Müller: Park and Villa Haas - Historicism, Art and Lifestyle. 2012.
- ↑ marine-infanterie.de
- ↑ archiv.preussische-allgemeine.de p. 10.
- ^ Johann Daniel Leers: Flora Herbornensis. Exibens plantas circa herbornam nassoviorum crescentes. 1775. (Latin)
- ^ Karl Löber: Johann Daniel Leers and his Flora Herbornensis. In: Heimatjahrbuch für die Dillkreis 1962. S. 37.
- ^ Karl Löber: Walks through the native nature, early summer life in the Sinner "Beilstein". Pp. 48-52.
- ^ Marie Luise Gothein: History of garden art. Volume 2, Diederichs Verlag, Munich, ISBN 3-424-013676-1 , p. 454 ff.
- ↑ Anita Aquino Garcia, Bettina Gruber: Gernot Böhme: "Atmospheres, Atmospheric" / The beautiful nature and the good nature. Theoretical positions and controversies in contemporary nastural aesthetics. https://homepage.univie.ac.at/madalina.diaconu/Daten/Gruber_Garcia%20Aquino.pdf
- ↑ Kathrin Weber: Doing good all in white. Herborner Tageblatt July 27, 2019 p. 11