Walther von Breisach

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Walther von Breisach (urk. 1256 in Breisach , † after 1300 in Freiburg ) was a top German Lieder and Sang proverbs in the second half of the 13th century.

The text corpus of the Codex Manesse , ascribed to Meister Walther von Prisach , fol. 295r, around 1300.

Work and tradition

In the “Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift” ( Codex Manesse ), fol. 295r-296v, as one of three subsequently added text corpora without miniature, coat of arms, executed initials and rubrications, 22 stanzas in three so-called tones : a praise of God, a day song and a fragmentary price of Mary. An old hand in italics in the margin of leaf 295v, stanza 7, assigns it to a master walther von prisach as the author; likewise the header entry made by Master Walther von Prisach at the beginning of the corpus , probably by Melchior Goldast (fol. 295r). Outside of the Codex Manesse, neither other texts nor other sources of tradition from the Walther corpus are known. In terms of style, Walther's songs are associated with the probably Swabian song poet Der Marner , whose songs and songs were written between 1220 and 1270.

Walther's first, seven-verse song begins with a praise to the triune Creator God - you father sun and ouch the spirit / with it people got ân underscheide - and his well-ordered creation, small in large, large in small, but always awe-inspiring creation: the böuc dîn bein , he treit dîn live in sîner hant, he poor through you, you with im iemer rîche . They form, as it were, the creation theological prerequisite for the following moral-didactic outline of a social, personal order of love and friendship, which the lovers, man and woman, but also the friend to the friend on triuwe (the virtuous muoter ), mâze , advice and truth committed in determination ( no and yes ). On the other hand, anyone who disregards such a moral order runs the risk of being chased out of the human sphere as a strange, dark guest and ending up in the hellfire , the hellfire.

The following 5 stanzas of the day song (Initium: I sing and should weep ) outline the typical course for this type of song: the wake-up call of the guardian friend causes the lovers' last embrace and the exchange of hearts on the “morning after”; true love is once again a gift of time and therefore deferred; it finds its painful fulfillment in the complaint about the necessary parting:

Sîns life skills
the knight himself closer to twanc.
Dâ schuof diu become minne
of both süezen umbevanc.
a dear closer smuc,
ir mündel pressure,
a fluc ir hearts to another dâ
tet kunt ir minne gir,
sî im, er ir:
to live with you, nothing else.
From the beloved two
be unwilling to do so
a miserable parting.
worth to the riter and the frouwen
ir wonderfully made
daz parting broke
and jach in wandelunge: love in leit.
e hearts wehsel waited
not saved.
Diu vart alsô geschach. the tac screams too. (fol. 295 v)

The 10 stanzas of the third tone that conclude the corpus, particularly artistic in form, rhyme and stylistic figures, also vary the theme of right coexistence; Here in the emphasis and against the background of human need for redemption: I was myself and nime / that I sô var / that even I live and I am confused / unsteady gumpelspil. (fol. 295v) In the example of the godly Mary, the person entangled in his desires, confusions and moral instability must free himself and realign himself.

author

Older investigations have so far taken as a matter of course that Walther von Breisach is a master (magister) Walther (Waltherus), schoolmaster (scholasticus) of Freiburg who can be verified between 1256 and 1300 as a witness or issuer of a total of 14 traditional documents , the name of which between 1256 and 1269 is still predominantly provided with the addition in (de) Brisaco (Brisacho) . He was named for the first time in 1264 and consistently from 1271 with the addition of master Walther, the schuolmeister ze V riburg or in F riburg in the documents, which makes Walther's change of location to nearby Freiburg likely after 1271. Eckart Conrad Lutz summarizes the new state of research cautiously: Even if neither "the unity of the person nor the identity with the poet [...] can be proven", the unity of the leadership groups tangible in the documents, the abbots, speak for them and counts, regional nobility, clergy and patriciate from both cities, Breisach and Freiburg, include. Walther appears in the traditional documents after the clergy, but before the citizens in the witness lists. As a learned leader ( rector puerorum ) he was first mentioned in 1250 the oldest Latin school in Freiburg, the later Berthold-Gymnasium ( document regesten ); between the Count of Freiburg as lord of the city and church and the citizenship. The localization of the school is due to the information in the documents mentioned: the place of issue, for example, the document dated 13 August 1291 - Diz geschach in master Walthers of the school master hûs - is most likely the Lat Einschule: Around 1300 it was in the front wolfhiuwelin , today's Herrenstrasse : when the abbess and convent of the Freiburg monastery St. Clara posthumously sold Walther's house in the "Wolfs (h) owl" to the Cistercian convent Günterstal , it says in the sales deed from May 30, 1327, there "was master walthers blessed schuole úber" .

Text output

  • Freiburg document book , edited by Friedrich Hefele, volumes 1–3, Freiburg, commission publisher of the Fr. Wagner university bookstore, 1938–1958
  • Carl von Kraus (ed.): German song poets of the 13th century , volume I text, second edition, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag 1978, pages 575-581; Volume II Commentary, Concerned by Hugo Kuhn, Second Edition, Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag 1978, pages 624–626
  • Friedrich Pfaff (ed.): The great Heidelberg song manuscript (Codex Manesse) In true text print , title edition of the second, improved and supplemented edition, edited by Hellmut Salowsky with a list of the beginnings of stanzas and 7 tablets, Heidelberg 1995, column 966–972

literature

  • Eckart Conrad Lutz: Walther von Breisach. In: Wolfgang Stammler and Karl Langosch (eds.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . Volume 10, 2nd edition Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, New York 1999, columns 639-641.
  • Uwe Meves (ed.): Regesten German minnesingers of the 12th and 13th centuries , Berlin, New York, Walter de Gruyter 2005; here: Walther von Breisach. , Pages 837-849
  • Zotz, Thomas: The beginnings of the Freiburg Latin School up to the foundation of the university (1457). ( PDF )

Web links

Commons : Codex Manesse  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Walther von Breisach  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Meves (Ed.): Regesten deutscher Minnesänger des 12th and 13th centuries , Berlin, New York, Walter de Gruyter 2005; here pages 842–849
  2. ↑ Eckart Conrad Lutz: Walther von Breisach , in: Wolfgang Stammler and Karl Langosch (eds.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author's Lexicon, Volume 10, 2nd Edition Berlin, New York 1999; here column 639
  3. ↑ Uwe Meves (ed.): Regesten German minnesingers of the 12th and 13th centuries. Berlin, New York, Walter de Gruyter 2005; here regest number 12 and 14
  4. ↑ Uwe Meves (Ed.): Regesten deutscher Minnesänger des 12th and 13th centuries , Berlin, New York, Walter de Gruyter 2005; here regest number 8
  5. ↑ Uwe Meves (Ed.): Regesten deutscher Minnesänger des 12th and 13th centuries , Berlin, New York, Walter de Gruyter 2005; Regest number 15
personal data
SURNAME Walther von Breisach
BRIEF DESCRIPTION minstrel
DATE OF BIRTH before 1256
DATE OF DEATH after 1300
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau