Marienau Monastery

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The Kloster Marienau (lat .: Augia Sanctae Marie ) was a Cistercian abbey in Breisach am Rhein , 1525 during the Peasants' War was destroyed.

history

founding

Since the foundation letter of the monastery has not survived, neither the date of its foundation nor its donors can be precisely determined. Franz Xaver Krauss states that the monastery was allegedly founded in 1123 by Duke Berthold IV of Zähringen , but does not owe his sources. The late Freiburg city ​​archivist Berent Schwineköper , on the other hand, names the founding year 1265 and sees the Basel bishops as the founders.

In the records of the Lützel abbot Bernhard Buchinger from 1667, the Margraves of Baden-Hachberg or the Counts of Freiburg are listed as founders:
“Monasterium et Abbatia Augia Sancte Maria vulgo Marienawe; extra muros Brisacenses, in Diocesi Constantiensi, fundatur, quantum ex MSStis chartir conji? - cerelicet, ab alterutro, vel comite Friburgensi, vel Marchiore Hachbergensi, vel ab utrisque, incertum quo anno sub Lucellensium abbatum visitatione. Id anno 1525. Civer Brisacenses, rusticerum, tune per Alsatiam et Brisgoiam tumultuantium, complices, fade devagtatum, sa… Virginibus, sibi appropriaverunti, contra quos deinde, abbates Lucellenses, litem apud Regimen Austriacum, ideo intentarunt, quo adhuq indencisa. Monum. Augie Sancte Marie Lucellenses. "

("Monastery and abbey zur Au der Heiligen Maria, in German Marienawe, outside the walls of Breisach, in the Diocese of Constance, is, as far as one can infer from the handwritten documents, by one or the other, namely either by the Count of Freiburg, or the Margrave of Hachberg, or founded by both, uncertain in which year, under the visitation of the abbots of Lützel, which the citizens of Breisach, as accomplices of the farmers, who then caused tumults in Alsace and Breisgau, destroyed it to the ground and that Income of the virgins appropriated. The abbots von Lützel then initiated a lawsuit against them with the Austrian government, which is still undecided. ")

In another source from 1720, which roughly corresponds to Buchinger, is:
"Augia Sancte Mariae, (Germanice Marien-Au) in Diaecesi Constantiens tractu Brisgoiae, extra Muros Brisacenses, sub Visitatione Lucellensi, Fundatores habuit vel Marchiones Hachbergenses, vel Comites Friburgenses, incertum tamen, quo anno fuerit constructum. Tempore Seditionis Rustcanae Cives Brisacenses Rusticorum partibus addicti, hoc Monasterium spoliatum, arque foedè devastatum ad profanos usus in fuum commodum Converrerunt, Abbatibus Lucellensibus litem de Restituendo illo apud Regimen Austriacum ne quidquam intentantibus. "

(“Marienau in the diocese of Constance and the Breisgau district, outside the walls of Breisach, under the visitation of Lützel, had either the Margraves of Hachberg or the Counts of Freiburg as founders, but it is uncertain in which year it was built During the peasant uprising, the citizens of Breisach, who were on the side of the peasants, plundered this monastery, destroyed it down to the ground and used it to their advantage for profane purposes, whereby the abbots of Lützel did not achieve anything with the Austrian government for its restoration. ")

The Prague Father Augustin Sartorio reported the following about the Marienau monastery in 1708:
“A women's monastery outside the town of Breysach in the Constanz diocese / so either the Count of Friburg or the Margrave of Hachberg (Baden-Hachberg) or both together (ignorant of what for one year), founded under the visitation of Abbot von Lützel. In 1525 it was devastated in what was then Bauern-Lerm, the clerical virgins were chased away and consequently such a closter was violently drawn to itself by the Breysach citizenry: to recuperate it, the abbot of intended Lützel worked diligently with the Austrian government, the success achieved but not found in Authore Fast. Lucell. p.150 2, from which I have taken the present. ” .

Martin Hesselbacher, head of the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Freiburg, is the first to date the founding date of the monastery to around 1150 in a publication: “The Cistercian convent
Marienau was most likely founded before the Staufer city was founded in 1185, i.e. around 1150 and was at the foot of it of the Eckartsberg. Today nothing is known about the appearance of this monastery, which had to give way to the construction of fortifications as early as 1525. But the monastery was of great importance for Breisach. The choir stalls installed in the cathedral today still come from Marienau. "

In addition, there is a Marienau hand file in the Lichtenthal Abbey , which also indicates the year of foundation as 1150.

Although the exact date of foundation is not known, there are some facts that allow a rough chronological classification. The mother monastery Marienaus was verifiably the monastery Lützel in Upper Alsace in the county of Pfirt on the Swiss border. This monastery itself was only founded in 1123 by Bellevaux , a daughter of the Morimond primary abbey in Franche-Comté .

In addition, the Bishop of Basel, Heinrich III. of Neuchâtel-Erguel, which in 1265 asked the Cistercians to admit the monastery to the order . The General Chapter sent the abbots from Tennenbach and Wachstatt near Besançon ( Lieu Croissant or Trois Rois ) to examine and qualify before admission. In the statutes of the General Chapter of 1265 it says: "Inspectio abbatiae monialium Augiae sanctae Mariae iuxta Brisacum quem petit incorporari ordini episcopus Basiliensis de Loco crescente et de Porta cöli abbatibus committitur."

("The visit to the Marienau nunnery next to Breisach, which the Bishop of Basel requests to be incorporated into the order, is entrusted to the abbots of Lieu Croissant and Thennenbach.")

The early years

In the early days of Marienau, two families in particular stood out for their rich donations to the monastery. These were, on the one hand, the Breisach patrician family Pforr and, on the other hand, the von Rathsamhausen family. So on December 31, 1270 , knight Rudolf von Rathsamhausen released the abbess and the Marienau convent from all debts and also declared the guarantors who had been given him free of all debts. Likewise, what they should perhaps owe him in the future should be waived after his death.

December 31. Nouerint vniuersi presentem literam inspecturj / quod Ego Ruedolfus miles de Racenhusen / venerabiles in xpo. . Abbatissam et conuentum Augie Sancte Marie / absoluo / ab omnj debitorum solucione / in quibus michi iam tenentur / fideiussores etiam / michi pro eisdem datos / protestans liberos de soluendo / Ceterum si deinceps de bonis meis / per mutuum siue per alium quemcunque modum / me valcunque quicquam receperint / et de hoc ad reddendum fuerint obligate / volo et protestor presentibus / ut post / mortem meam / ipsis libere cedat / quicquid exinde remanserit insolutum / Et ut prelibata robur obtineant firmitatis / Sigilla Burgensium de Brisaco / et meum presentibus sunt appensa et datum Brisaci / presentibus / Hiltebrando Sculteto, Gunthero de Ansolzthen / ChuonR (at) de Reno / Ruedegero de Buezzenshe (im) / et / Ruedegero Monetario / ChuonR (at) de Hostat / Burchardo papa / HenR (icus) dicto Schatan et / walthero ze dem Rueste / Anno domini / M / CC / LXXj / pridie kal Januarij.

But despite such donations, the monastery apparently had financial difficulties, because in 1283 the abbots of the monasteries Bellevaux and Lützel decreed that Marienau would not be allowed to accept nuns for the next six years due to lack of assets:

Nos frater P. de Bellavalle et nos frater C. de Lucela abbates ordinis Cisterciensis, Bisuntinensis et Basiliensis diocesis, universis has litteras inspecturis salutem in domino sempiternam. Cum ex regimine pastoralis officii licet indigne nobis inpositi et conmissi cunctis nobis subiectis, ne in deterius labantur, immo pocius ut ad prospera proficiant, teneamur, in quantum ipse a quo bona cuncta procedunt dederit, providere: notum sit omnibus, quos nosse oportunum per presentes, quod nos provida deliberacione habita pro conmuni utilitate filie nostre, domus Augee sancte Marie juxta Brisacum, monialium ordinis nostri, ne ipsa domus nimietate personarum opressa in desperationis baratrum laberetur, super sponsionem sacramentalem at regulamporalem monibus non coactis, ut infra spatium sex annorum nullam personam recepiant ad regularem habitum vel convictum, donec numerus iam receptarum personarum adeo fuerit inminutus, ut heedem de proprio vivere possint et mendicitatis ruborem valeant devitare.

("We, brother P. von Bellevaux and brother C. (Conrad" Prudentia "12th abbot) von Lützel, abbots of the Cistercian order, have for the general benefit of our daughter, the house of St. Mary at Breisach, nuns of our order this house should not fall into the grave of hopelessness through an excess of people, a sworn and physical promise through the laying on of hands on the rule of all individual nuns, voluntarily and not forcibly accepted that they would not be a single person within a period of six years for clothing or for community life until the number of people who have already been taken in is so reduced that they can live on their own property. ")

Later, however, followed numerous donations to citizens of Breisach and residents of surrounding settlements and cities, whose daughters lived in the monastery as nuns, and thus ensured that the abbey was able to accumulate a considerable fortune over the years.

Scene of the Upper Rhine City War

In 1367 the Marienau monastery was the scene of a bloody battle in the course of the so-called Upper Rhine City War. During a dispute between the city of Freiburg and Count Egino III. With the help of Basel , Neuchâtel , Kenzingen and Breisach citizens, Freiburg troops besieged the town of Endingen , where the count had holed up. But when troops came to support Egino, the besiegers fled towards Breisach. The Freiburg counts and their allies pursued them to the upper gate of the Marienau monastery and were able to put them there. In the ensuing fight, more than 90 percent of the former besiegers perished.

In the Basler Chronik it says:
Anno domini 1367 jor was the castle zuo Friburg broken by the von Friburg against iren gentlemen Groff Egen von Friburg. In the same jore, that of Friburg for Endingen, with those of Basel, Nuwenburg, Brisach and Kentzingen; When coming from Susenberg what great helpers, great helpers are unhelpful, and what endings also contain, and what all do. Do santend the gentlemen outside Gerhart von Endingen a knight, to woo to ir gentlemen and frunt umb hilff; the also coming. Do that the constantly speaking in front of the statute, do brochend sú question uff and woltend hein; and wait in need, the sú baner, tent and other trains stone. Do that the gentlemen in the castle heard and sochend ir help come, do brochend sú ussz the castle and iltend the stetten still, until Brisach went to the upper gate in the frowencloster, and luoging and flying sú that the 10th did not come .

destruction

In contrast to the founding, the end of this rich abbey during the Peasant Wars in 1525 is well documented by several reports.

The abbey was forcibly destroyed and razed to the ground within 24 hours by its self-appointed guardian , the city of Breisach. Her property as well as all tangible properties were confiscated by the city. A bitter legal dispute broke out over this with the mother monastery in Lützel. With the tolerance of the empire, Breisach knew how to thwart any attempt at restitution by the Cistercian order. The nuns were accused of cooperating with the enemy. It was only at the last moment that the Cistercian women were prevented from allowing a heap of peasants into the city. Indeed, it can be seen as certain that some nuns adhered to the Reformed faith, but there were Reformation forces in the city itself.

description

The monastery complex consisted of a convent building, the monastery church "Our Lady of Marienau", in which a Marian shrine was venerated, houses for craftsmen and servants as well as gardens and fish ponds. The entire property was enclosed by a wall.

Protas Gsell writes in his history of the city of Breisach :
“Marienau had a massive church and monastery, this monastery was large, the income was not small. The so-called floodplain forest was up in the country, so it was characteristic of the monastery to speculate that this was why this monastery was called Marienau. Below the Eckartsberg the same had a lot of vineyards in the Breisacher Bann, many fields and the like. Meadows, also in the Breisgau countryside, Zinshöfe u. many values. [...] Not only did this monastery not only have, in addition to the large adjacent garden, attached various houses for the craftsmen needed, but also a beautiful inn for strangers and friends ... "

He also claims that the monastery was three kilometers long.

Location

Eckartsberg, viewed from the Kaisersberg

Günther Haselier suspected the Marienau in the so-called hospital area (today's Schongauergymnasium), i.e. on the northern rocky slope of the Eckartsberg, and based his assumption on the following two circumstances:

The Marienauer Güterbuch mentions a larger homestead on the western corner of Eckartsberg. The corresponding entry reads: "Item two hüser under a tach (roof), un (d) a keylr (cellar) dar unde (under) vn (d) a witten hoff joins all places at de (n) eckersberg (Eckartsberg), The long way from (d) zwen keyler (cellar) to eckersberg vn (d) 1 Trotte, vn (d) a large Schüre (barn) is in front of the brick alley at all places, a custom next to the thread maker, at the sit nebe mathis wöscher, vn (d) hinde uss ein gärtli uff ein sit nebe hans Jörge, vu (n) dem einhuse vn (d) gärtli git the old conductor 1 pound, 3 shillings rappe. "

Secondly, Haselier relied on the legend of the so-called nun's gate - the remains of a wall of a pointed arch portal on the Eckartsberg - through which the nuns are said to have allowed enemy peasants to enter the city through a door in 1525, which has since been refuted.

In fact, there was a large Marienau monastery courtyard at the place determined by Haselier. The cellars of this homestead are still walled up on the square behind the Breisach hospital church in the rock of the Eckartsberg. The complex was not, however, the monastery itself, although a street sign there has erroneously designated Marienau since 1945. Records in the yearbooks of the Dominicans of Colmar report a flood of the Rhine on August 4, 1302, which flooded the Marienau monastery. If it had actually been at the place Haselier assumed, the entire lower town of Breisach and the land between the Black Forest and the Vosges should have been flooded. Neither humans nor animals would have survived. If Protas Gsell's records are true, give another reason why the location of the monastery in the hospital area is to be classified as unlikely: There was not enough space there for a monastery three kilometers in length.

Pantaleon Rosmann , pastor at the Breisach Minster, suspected the monastery on the Eckartsberg. The basis of his location determination was the remains of the wall of the nunnery on the mountain, which are still in the old Breisach fortress wall. But according to the statutes of the General Chapter of the Cistercian Order, this place was out of the question for a monastery. These prescribed, Capitua 9.2: "No monasteries may be built in cities, fortified places and villages" . Of the once 697 Cistercian monasteries, not one stood on a mountain. While there were a few examples of mountain slopes, they were mostly found in wooded valleys and swamps.

One such valley is the large Au in Breisach, located in the Möhlin delta on Eckartsberg and on the Rhine. A drawing found in Paris by Getrudis Hassler with the designation "Vue de la Ville Brisach" from around 1570 shows the most likely location so far. A place to the right of the Eckartberg at the edge of the great Au is the only place that corresponds to the statutes of the order of the Cistercians, since the location on a body of water was an essential requirement and offered enough space for a large monastery area. This assumption is supported by the description of the monastery by the chronicler Protas Gsell in his history of the city of Breisach , in which he wrote that the Marienau monastery stood behind the Eckartsberg, where the Rhine now has its valley. Gsell wrote the chronicle in the Franciscan monastery of Breisach. From there, the expression “behind the Eckartsberg” can be interpreted as “south of the Eckartsberg”, that is, in the plain on the edge of the large Au.

Berent Schwineköper placed the monastery complex on today's Breisacher Neutorplatz. He based his assumption of the monastery location mainly on the cemetery and the bones that were found in the area of ​​the Breisacher Sparkasse on Neutorplatz. It is quite possible that the monastery cemetery was located there, but there was also no stream here, which was essential for a Cistercian monastery, as it was used to drive mills and other trades.

Abbesses

The following abbesses of Marienau can be proven according to documents from the monastery:

  • Berchte von Reinau, 1283
  • Berchta, Abbess 1284 ( Bertha abbattissa totusque conventus monasterii Augie sancte Marie juxta Brisacum 1284 )
  • Bertha von Rufach, 1285 ( sister Berchte von Rufach, ebtischin of the monastery of Sant Marien owe bi Brisach of the order of Zitels 1285 )
  • Catherine, abbess 1291
  • Berchte von Rufach, Abbess 1301
  • M ..., abbess 1304
  • Berchta, abbess 1317/19
  • Sister Berchta, Abbess 1323
  • Katharine, Abbess 1324
  • Catherine, abbess 1329
  • Katharina von Pforr , abbess 1331
  • Catherine, abbess 1333
  • Katharina von Pforre, abbess 1336
  • Agnes, abbess 1341
  • Agnes, abbess 1353
  • Agnes Erbe, Abbess 1357
  • Agnes, Abbess 1361, sister of Mrs. Katherina Schilling, citizen of Breisach
  • Anna von Amoltern, abbess 1399
  • Klara Würmlin from Colmar, abbess 1413 (mentioned in two documents from 1364)
  • Klara (Klaranna), abbess 1415
  • Agatha, abbess 1464
  • Anna, abbess 1472
  • Ursula Stüdlin of Basel, (Ursele Studlin of Basel) Abbess 1491–1501
  • Lucia Sterck or Störkin (Luczig Sterkin), abbess 1504–1525 died on the Friday after Pentecost

Although documents about the Marienau monastery have been destroyed or lost, there are summary references that provide information about its abbesses. Twelve of them are known by name and all came from the noblest Alsatian nobility, but so far the dates of their term of office and details of the life of these Marienau prelates are missing . Sr. Maria Mafalda lists the twelve women without revealing their sources:

Richardis of Andlau

The baroness came from the ancient Alsatian noble family von Andlau , with ancestral seat south of Barr . It was mentioned in a document as early as 1150 and still exists today. According to the quaternions of the imperial constitution , the Andlauer belonged to the four first brethren of the Holy Roman Empire . The abbess should not be confused with her relatives, Saint Richardis of Andlau .

Trudindis from Escher

Nothing is known about Trudindis von Escher and their origins. However, there is a noble family in Switzerland who call themselves von Escher .

Odilia of Mörsperg

The Countess came from a noble family with an ancestral castle in Mörsperg in Upper Alsace (French: Morimont). Mentioned as early as the 11th century , it went out in 1686. In a more recent chronicle of the Lichtenthal monastery, the family is described as traditionally in the service of the margraves of Baden or their relatives, the Habsburgs on the Upper Rhine .

Adelheid of Baden

The Margravine Adelheid von Baden was abbess in Marienau before 1263. Her family is the oldest still existing high nobility in Europe today. Adelheid died on August 18, 1295 as the sixth abbess of the Lichtenthal monastery. Apparently the local convent had chosen her as its new abbess while she still held the office of Abbess in Marienau, whereupon she was sent from there to Lichtenthal.

Maria von Mömpelgard

Nothing is known about the countess as abbess. Her family, the Counts of Mömpelgard or the older spelling Mümpelgard (French: Montbéliard ) were counted among the magnates of the empire, i.e. the high nobility.

Hedwiga von Hohenberg

This abbess came from the family of the Counts of Hohenberg, who were first mentioned in a document in 1170 and whose ancestral seat was in what is now the municipality of Deilingen in the Tuttlingen district. They were a line of the Counts of Zollern and held the inheritance office of the Reichenau Monastery and the St. Gallen Abbey .

Elsabetha von Lichtenberg

Elsabetha of Lichtenberg came from the once powerful dynastic of Alsace and was apparently as delegated by swimming from the Marienau to Lichtenthal there to lead Adelheid as the eighth abbess 1310-1320 the bar. Lichtenthal's chronicle says about them: "A fraw of sex and virtues noble, has presided over the house of God well and usefully."

Eugenia von Landsberg and Hildegardis von Landsberg

Baroness Eugenias and Baroness Hildegardis' family was one of the most important families on the Upper Rhine, which the legend counted among the four "knights of the state" alongside those of Andlau , von Fleckenstein and von Rathsamhausen . The family is mentioned for the first time in 1144 in a document by Duke Friedrich II of Swabia .

Relindis von Rathsamhausen

Nothing is known about the baroness. However, especially in the early days of Marienau, her family, along with the von Pforr patrician family from Breisach, are considered to be the most important donors of the monastery. The noble family was first mentioned in a document in 1127 and had its ancestral seat in the village of the same name near Ottrott in Alsace. Elevated to the baron status, it died out in 1828.

Irminhildis von Rappoltstein

Nothing is known about this countess either. According to legend, the Rappoltsteiners are said to be descended from the dukes of Spoleto in Italy and the family name is derived from Rock-Spoletin.

Margaretha of Baden

Margaretha von Baden is probably the most colorful figure among the Marienau prelates. She headed the Marienau monastery until 1477, before she was postulated as the third woman in this office after Lichtenthal and ruled there as the 20th abbess until her death in 1496.

literature

  • Sigmund von Billing: history and description of Alsace and its inhabitants from the oldest to the most recent times . Reprint of the edition from 1782. Freiburg Echo, Stegen 1999.
  • Protas Gsell: History of the city of Breisach . Copied copy of the Freiburg City Archives.
  • Günther Haselier: On the history of the Marienau monastery . In: ZGO 125 (1977), pp. 73-97.
  • Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book . 3 volumes. Heidelberg 1898-1919.
  • Franz Xaver Krauss: The art monuments of the districts of Breisach, Emmendingen, Ettenheim, Freiburg, Neustadt, Staufen and Waldkirch. Mohr, Tübingen and Leipzig 1904.
  • Jean-Francois Leroux-Dhuys: The Cistercians - History and Architecture . Könemann, Cologne 1998, p. 46, ISBN 3-89508-893-5 .
  • Sr. Maria Deodata O. Cist .: Frauenkloster Lichtental 1915 . Lichtenthal.
  • Sr. Maria Mafalda O. Cist .: Hand files of the Marienau Monastery Sanctus Ordinis Cistercienses near Breisach 1150–1525 . Lichtenthal.
  • Pusikan: The heroes of Sempach . Hofer & Burger, Zurich 1886.
  • Pantaleon Rosman, Faustin Ens: History of the city of Breisach . 2 volumes. Wagner in Komm., Freiburg im Breisgau 1851.
  • Josef Schmidlin: Breisach story . Reprint from 1936. Freiburg Echo, Stegen 2004, ISBN 3-86028-076-7 .
  • Stefan Schmidt: The Marienau choir stalls and the history of the abbey . 2nd edition self-published, Wyhl am Kaiserstuhl 2004.
  • Ernst Tremp: Monks as Pioneers - The Cistercians in the Middle Ages . Association for Economic History Studies, Meilen 1997, p. 21, ISBN 3-909059-13-9 .
  • Harald Siebenmorgen (Ed.): 750 years of the Cistercian Abbey Lichtenthal - the fascination of a monastery . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0302-1 .
  • Ludwig Heizmann, The Monasteries and Congregations of the Archdiocese of Freiburg in the Past and Present. Munich 1930.
  • Günther Haselier, History of the City of Breisach am Rhein. 1st half vol. Breisach 1969.
  • Günther Haselier, On the history of the Marienau monastery. In: <ZGO> 125, NF 86 (1977) 73-95.
  • Berent Schwineköper : Abolition of the monastery as a result of the Reformation and the Peasants' War in Habsburg Front Austria (Marienau Cistercian monastery, Augustinian and Franciscan monasteries in Breisach 1525/26 ff.). In: Schau-ins-Land 97 (1978) 61-78.
  • Berent Schwineköper , The location and origin of the Cistercian convent Marienau and the "Ministerialensiedlung" on Eckartsberg in Breisach. In: Schau-ins-Land 99 (1980) 5-44.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ FX Krauss: Monuments on Breisach, Emmendingen, Ettenheim, Freiburg, Neustadt, Staufen and Waldkirch . Pp. 73-74
  2. ^ Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg, State Archives
  3. ↑ Bernhard Buchinger abbas Lucellensis et Mulbrunensis Christianissimi Regis Consiliarius, Epitome Fastorum Lucellensum anno MDCLXVII in the Humanist Library in Sélestat.
  4. ↑ IDEA Chrono-topographica Congregationis per Superiorem Germaniam (1720), pp. 138-139
  5. ↑ Augustin Sartorio: Cistertium-bis-Tertium 1708 in Prague . Pp. 779-780
  6. ↑ Bernhard Buchinger: Epitome Fastorum = summary report on the Lützler congregation
  7. ↑ Martin Hesselbacher: The Mons Brisiacus placed under a monument . In: Newsletter of the preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg . Issue 2. 1959, p. 34
  8. ↑ The Lichtenthal Abbey was founded by the Margraves of Baden and is entitled Badisches Hauskloster . The Marienau monastery also bore this title.
  9. ↑ Statuta ordinis capitulorum Generalium Cisterciensis . In: JM Canivez (ed.): Bibliothèque de la revue d'histoire ecclésiastique . Fasc. 11, Vol. 3, 1935, p. 35, No. 26
  10. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm (Ed.): Corpus of the old German original documents, up to the year 1300 . Vol. I., Lahr 1932 p. 189, and Breisach City Archives No. 525
  11. ^ Karl Rieder: The archive materials of the Münster archive in Breisach. In: ZGO 56 (1902), p. M 32.
  12. ↑ Krieger, 146, lines 13, 51
  13. ↑ The castle was destroyed in the spring of 1366, but the author of the Colmar Chronicle puts it in the same year as the battle of Endingen.
  14. ↑ The peasants are to be understood as the enemy in this context
  15. ↑ a b c Sr. Maria Mafalda O. Cist .: Hand files Marienau Monastery Sanctus Ordinis Cistercienses near Breisach 1150–1525
  16. ^ Protas Gsell: History of the city of Breisach . P. 18
  17. ↑ Marienauer Güterbuch 1495–1505
  18. ^ A b S. Schmidt: The choir stalls of Marienau and the history of the abbey . 2004
  19. ↑ Since the Cistercians were forbidden to eat meat, they lived mainly on fish that was bred in monastic ponds and thus required a monastery location on a body of water in the valley.
  20. ↑ Prof. Josef Sauer

Coordinates: 48 ° 1 ′ 37 "  N , 7 ° 34 ′ 57.5"  E