Birndorf

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Birndorf
Albbruck municipality
Former municipality coat of arms of Birndorf
Coordinates: 47 ° 37 ′ 32 ″  N , 8 ° 8 ′ 2 ″  E
Height : 498 m
Residents : 387
Incorporation : 1st January 1973
Postal code : 79774
Area code : 07753

Birndorf is a district of the municipality of Albbruck in the Waldshut district in the south of Baden-Württemberg .

The Romanesque basilica of Birndorf
former Frohnhof of the St. Blasien monastery in Birndorf

geography

Birndorf is on the southern edge of the Black Forest at 488 m above sea level. NN. As in the neighboring communities, the landscape is characterized by forests, agricultural land and large orchards.

history

Archway of the old rectory in Birndorf with the coat of arms of the German Knight Order

The history of settlement in the area around Birndorf goes back to the time of the Romans, as evidenced by coin finds from the time of Marcus Ulpius Traianus (98–117 AD). Already during the first Alemanni storm, which began around the year 233, the Alamanni penetrated as far as the Rhine plain and there were numerous bloody conflicts between the two peoples. In a last attempt to keep the Alamanni from taking the land, the Roman Emperor Valentinian I had the Rhine border extended between 368 and 374. He issued the corresponding edict for the construction of this line of defense on August 30, 369 on the " mons Brisiacus ", the Münsterberg in Breisach . He had a well-thought-out system of watchtowers ( specula ) built along the Rhine , each of which stood at a visible distance from one another and was reinforced by larger forts at important transition points. This border system also includes a protective wall that partially runs along the Birndorf district. This Landhag begins on the left bank of the Wehra near Öflingen and runs from there over the Heidenwühre stream to the east via Wieladingen to the Murg , where it ends. Then it starts again at Steinbach an der Alb , goes from there to the ridge over the Steig farm, where it is called Steinweg (Stiegstraße?), Towards the northeast to Aisperg. In spite of these measures, the Suebian Alemanni tribe of the Lentiens succeeded in the 4th century in finally displacing the Romans from the area and in settling permanently.

The first documentary mention of Birndorf goes back to the deed of donation of the couple Nidhart and Gundbirc on May 28, 814. The parish church there and the different legal claims of various monasteries, noblemen and freemen caused disputes for centuries. In 874 there was uncertainty about the tithe to be paid to the Birndorf Church. This prompted the Bishop of Constance Gebhard to inquire about the situation there. For this purpose he sent his archpriest Rihfried to Birndorf. The heirs of the church in Birndorf im Albgau claimed the tithe. The investigations showed that the villages of Birndorf, Birkingen , Kuchelbach, Buch, Etzwihl and Hechwihl were already subject to a ten-year fee at the time of Emperor Charles and Bishop Egino (782–811).

At a public hearing in Gurtweil on March 21, 890, chaired by Albgaugrafen Chadaloh, Sigimunt transferred his property in Buch and Aisperg to the St. Gallen monastery and received monastery property in Birndorf as a fief.

Around the year 1100, the three-aisled basilica in Romanesque style , still preserved today, was consecrated to the Holy Cross. At this time there was also a local nobility of the same name in Birndorf, which appears in a document with Heinrich von Birndorf - Heinricus de Birdorf in 1147. The church belonged to the Teutonic Order in Beuggen , which had large estates in the area around Birndorf. Today's coat of arms of the municipality shows the black cross of the German knights in the left half of the shield, which is divided into two parts .

Coat of arms of the Barons von Klingen

The family of the Barons von Klingen was wealthy in Birndorf through the marriage of Ulrich von Klingen to Ita, the heir to Baron Walter von Tegerfelden, and also in Aargau, Thurgau and Alsace. Her son, the minstrel Walther von Klingen , appeared several times in the 13th century as a sponsor of the Teutonic Order in Beuggen . So on October 26, 1264, together with his wife Sophie, with the consent of their four daughters Verena, Herzlande, Katharina and Klara, he gave half of their court and the church fee to Birndorf to the Teutonic Order Brothers at "Bughein" (Beuggen). On February 13, 1275, at the request of the Preceptor and the Teutonic Order Coming, Pope Gregor X. himself commissioned the donation of the church set to Birndorf by the nobleman von Klingen to the Teutonic Order Brothers by means of a public document. Further donations by Walther von Klingen and Ulrich von Tiefenstein followed in 1283. This was a property in Tegerfelden (Canton Aargau), which knight Konrad Steimar had as a fief of them. At the same time, Ulrich von Tiefenstein gave his consent to Walther Rubesti von Buch handing over his estate in Etzwihl to the brothers from " Buchein " in order to " atone for the injustice " he had inflicted on them at Birndorf. He was probably in a dispute with the Birndorf pastor Johann who was appointed there by the Teutonic Knights. The fact that the Birndorf possessions must come from the Lords of Tegerfelden and not from those of Klingen is supported by the agreement of the Barons of Klingen, which said that the older Klingen's patrimonial estates could only be sold with the consent of the Klingen's heirs. The barons of Klingen adhered to these agreements even after the line was split into the Lords of Hohenklingen and the Lords of Altenklingen / Klingnau. However, the donations were made without the special consent of the other heirs, so they were possessions that came from the barons of Tegerfelden on his mother's side.

Birndorf was one of the eight unions of the former county of Hauenstein . The villages of Birndorf included: Birndorf, Buch, Etzwihl, Haide, Schattenbirndorf, Steinbach, Ay, Bannholz, Birkingen , Bohland, Kuchelbach, Oberalpfen, Unteralpfen, Remetschwiel and Kiesenbach.

During the Waldshut War in 1468, the federal raids and raids in the villages of Indlekofen, Enschwiel, Rohr, Tiefenhäusern, Remetschwiel, Waldkirch, Dogern, Birkingen, Eschbach, Bürglen, Gurtweil, Weilheim, Dietlingen, Nöggenschwiel, Schmitzingen, Nieder- and Oberalpfen, Buch Etzwihlfen , Birndorf, essentially the areas of the Birndorf and Dogern unions and the Gurtweil rule caused considerable damage.

On January 1, 1973 Birndorf was incorporated into the municipality of Albbruck.

The interventions of the St. Blasien monastery in Birndorf

The striving of the St. Blasien monastery for a rounded monastery territory led to tensions with the neighboring county of Hauenstein and its majority free people. In 1225, the St. Blasien monastery considerably expanded its property in Hauensteinerland by acquiring its first property in Bierbronnen, where it received further goods from Heinrich von Krenkingen in 1266. Within the next 30 years the monastery acquired ownership and rights to Birndorf, Gurtweil , Dietlingen and Eschbach. The financial shortage of the Hauensteiner small nobility in the middle of the 13th century favored the area expansion plans of the St. Blasien monastery. From this time there are numerous sales documents in which the monastery of St. Blasien very often appears as a buyer. As sellers, we find the von Hauenstein , von Tiefenstein , von Gutenburg, von Klingen , von Bernau, von Birndorf and numerous others.

Although the St. Blasian area expansion did not spare the Teutonic Order Coming in Beuggen, the relationship between the two churches seems to have been good. In a document dated August 20, 1303, the German rulers allowed Abbot Berthold zu St. Blasien to use a watercourse near Birndorf to run a St. Blasische mill. It was stressed, however, that this right was based on a special privilege and not on legal entitlements. Another success of the St. Blasien monastery in gaining more territory in the Birndorf district was achieved in 1308 by the Schivi siblings (also Schuster later called Schliffer), who also left their possessions there to St. Blasien. Including the pen on October 24, 1308 " The Dörfeli ze Schadebirdorf and two Schuppossen in the Dorfe ze Ober-Birdorf ", which her father had bought from Walther von Klingen in 1270 , " with akkern, with matting, with wood and with velde And with everything right, so heard, only a vries own for 60 marks of silver. "At that time, Schattenbirndorf consisted of a large courtyard which is later referred to in some documents as" Dörfli ".

In the relentless pressure of the St. Blasien Monastery, the other land and legal owners in Birndorf gradually lost their rights. In 1409, the German Order Coming Beuggen lost its claim to the local hay tenth in which it finally waived its claims in favor of St. Blasiens in a legal dispute. In 1415 the "Ferrentalinen Gut" in Birndorf and a "Widdumgut" in Rickenbach went to St. Blasien. Claus Waltkircher, Henni Jettenberg (Mettenberger), Claus Riem, Heini Bentznower and Bertschi Feldman also raised claims at the Ferrentalinen Gut . Such disputes were repeated in 1462 (again tithe levies), 1508 (dispute with the Säckingen dynasty regarding serfs in Birndorf), and 1567 (again tithe disputes ). At times, due to the financial difficulties of the Habsburgs, St. Blasien managed to obtain the pledge for the entire county of Hauenstein.

Birndorf Rosary Brotherhood

At the request of Waldvogt Konrad von Altendorff zu Neuwenhusen, Jakob Appenzeller, Johann Christopf Feltmann and the Junker Balthasar von Steinbockh (probably Steinbach), on January 24, 1628 the Magister generalis Ordinis Praedicatorum, Franciscus Seraphinus Siccus in Rome, was requested to have one in the parish church of Birndorf To introduce the Rosary Brotherhood . The members of this rosary brotherhood included almost the entire nobility in the area, so we find Konrad von Altendorf and his wife Maria von Breittenlandenberg, Jakob von Schönau and his wife Margaretha von Reinach, Johannes Franz von Schönau , Dietrich von Schönau , Johann Kaspar von Schönau , Martin von Haideckh, Ursula Holdermännin von Holderstein, Margaretha von Homburg, born von Breittenlandenberg, Christoph Jakob von Mandach, Eva von Mandach, born von Haideckh, Lorenz zu Rhein, Maria Agnes zu Rhein, born von Rosenbach, Melchior zu Rhein, Johann Balthasar von Steinbockh , Juliana von Steinbockh, née von Haideckh, Margaretha von Appetzhofen , née Eglossin von Zell, Johannes Christoph Feltmann , Anna Maria Feltmann, née von Appetzhofen, Johann Ludwig Feltmann, Christian Schäfer , Nicolaus Schäfer , Johann Jakob Schuler, Georg Hattenbach, Christoph Straubhaar, Christoph Tschudi von Wasserstelz, Friedrich Straubhaar, Franz Ignaz Anton Jose ph von Schönau, Franz Christoph Tschudi von Glarus, Franz Augustin Fridolin von Schönau, Georg Sebastian Reinhard von Kagenegg, Waldvogteiamstmeister Feinlin, Johannes Franz Joseph von Schönau, Johann Ulrich Hug von Winterbach, Johann Christoph Straubhaar, conductor of the Königsfelder Hof, Johann Heinrich Hermann von Kagenegg, Johann Leopold von Wittenbach, and others among the members of the Birndorfer Rosenkranzbruderschaft.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Lords of Blades

The vertically divided coat of arms of Birndorf shows in the left half the black cross of the Teutonic Knights on a white background. The right half of the shield shows a white, erect lion with an outstretched tongue and a golden crown on a black background, which refers to the earlier rule of the Lords of Blades .

Attractions

  • The three-aisled Holy Cross Church in Romanesque style
  • St. Blasianische Frohnhof - Today Landgasthof Hirschen

literature

  • Jakob Ebner: History of the localities of the parish Birndorf

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Joseph Mone: Urgeschichte des Badischen Land, Volume 1, p. 11
  2. ↑ Episcopatus Constantiensis Alemannicus Sub Metropoli Moguntina, Cum Vindonissensi, Cui Succesit, in Burgundia, Transiurana Provinciae Vesontinae olim fundato, Chronologice et diplomatice Illustratus, by Pater Trudbert Neugart, Volume 1, p. Xxv and document book of Abtei I Sanct Gallen , Theil No. 213, p. 203
  3. ↑ Swiss Register of Documents, Vol. 1, Cod. Trad. 324. Neugart l, 392. Urkdbch. d. St. Gallen Abbey 2
  4. ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Alemanniae Et Burgundiae Trans-luranae Intra Fines Dioecesis Constantientis, Volume 2, Trudpert Neugart
  5. ^ History of the House of Habsburg, Eduard Maria Lichnowsky
  6. ↑ ZGORh, Vol. 28, p. 126
  7. ↑ JA Pupikofer: History of the barons of Alten-Klingen, Klingnau and Hohenklingen in Thurgauische contributions to patriotic history , vol. 10, p. 21
  8. ↑ Foundation book of Abbot Kaspar von St. Blasien
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 .
  10. ^ History of the House of Habsburg, Eduard Maria Lichnowsky
  11. ↑ ZGORh, Vol. 29, 1877, p. 165
  12. ↑ The regests of Count Johann IV name a Hartman or Hanman Schliffer, Vogt zu Laufenburg cf. Document book of the city of Aarau, document 138 (1270)
  13. ↑ The regests of Count Johann IV name a Hartman or Hanman Schliffer, Vogt zu Laufenburg cf. Document book of the city of Aarau, documents 814 and 815 (1395)
  14. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 30, p. 248
  15. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 30, p. 251
  16. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 30, p. 268
  17. ↑ ZGORH. 10, 111
  18. ↑ ZGORh, Vol. 31, 1879, p. 180 Certificate number 552
  19. ↑ Freiburg Diocesan Archive, Vol. 20, p. 52
  20. ↑ Freiburg Diocesan Archive, Vol. 21, p. 228