Johanniterkommende Erfurt

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The Johanniterkommende Erfurt was a branch of the Order of St. John in Erfurt . It was first mentioned in a document in 1193. As early as 1339 it was sold to the city council of Erfurt.

location

According to a document from 1289, the order house of the Johanniter was located at the Nicolaikirche, very probably in today's Comthurgasse. The Comthurgasse, however, is named after the Komturhof of the Deutschordenskommende Erfurt , which was located in the Comthurgasse 4 building.

approx. Location of the Johanniterkommende Erfurt
Erfurt around 1650.
The location of the (former) Johanniterkommende (" 15 " = S. Nicolai) on a map of the city of Erfurt around 1650.

history

After Walter Gerd Rödel's work The Great Priory Germany of the Order of St. John in the Transition from the Middle Ages to the Reformation of 1972, the Erfurt Coming of the Order of St. John was created around 1193. The source given by him, UB Erfurt I, p.25, no.56. lists Fratres Sancti Johannis baptiste among the witnesses . The name is not entirely clear, as the brothers of the Order of St. John are usually referred to as fratres hospitalium Ierosolomitane or similar.

In a document of the Marienstift in Erfurt from 1225 a mansum Hospitalium , Hospitalenses and a magister Helmboldus are mentioned. Here, too, it is not entirely clear whether the Johanniter branch is actually meant here.

The oldest document in the Erfurt document book, which unequivocally proves the existence of the Johanniter branch in Erfurt, dates back to 1282. On August 21, 1282 Conradus de Rode, canon at Severistift, confirmed Albert, pastor at St. Agidius, Gottschalk von Smidestete and Conrad Hotermann, citizen of Erfurt, the will of Heinrich, pastor of the Bartholomäikirche in Erfurt. In this document the fratres hospitalis Ierosolomitane are named.

An indirect reference to an even earlier existence of the religious house can be seen in a document from 1279. On 31st 1279, Johannes, the abbot of the Schottenkloster St. Jacobus and Ekehardus, the dean of the cathedral chapter and Guntherus, the dean of the Severi monastery in Erfurt, vidimus two bulls from Pope Clement IV, which he had issued for the Order of St. John in 1265. Without the existence of a Johanniterkommende in Erfurt at this time, this visualization would be difficult to understand.

In 1283, Brother Friedrich von Kindhausen, Master of the Order of St. John in Germany, Bohemia, Poland, Moravia and Austria, confirmed that the House of St. John at the St. Nicholas Church in Erfurt had to pay interest to the Marienstift in Erfurt.

In 1292, the commander of the Erfurt branch, a brother Felix, witnessed a transfer of goods to the Severistift in Erfurt. Landgrave Albert declares that the brothers Rudolfus and Albertus de Arnsburc sold two farms in ville Crutheim ( Krautheim , Lkr. Weimarer Land) to his notary Wilhelm de Wizense , and that he in turn sold the two farms to the Severistift in Erfurt.

A copy of a document from 1316 was found in a copy book of the Ilfeld monastery from the 14th century. In this document a brother Volckmar is mentioned, who is there in the Huße zu Erffurth. This brother Volckmar either died in 1316/7 or had to vacate his position as commander of Erfurt during this time. Presumably the latter is true, since the Commendator von Topfstedt named in the same copy of the document, a brother of Tileman von Northusen, was no longer in office in 1317.

In 1317 Brother Leonardo de Tibertis, the authorized general visitator of the Order of St. John, appointed Brother Paulus de Mutina (Paolo de Modena) as his deputy for Germany, Bohemia, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. In this capacity Paulus de Mutina called a meeting of the priors of the Johanniter in Frankfurt am Main on October 18, 1317, at which the prior of Bohemia and Poland, the prior in Alamania superior , the prior of Alamania media and the commander of Herrenstrunden and Heiningen, who probably represented Alamannia inferior , took part as well as some other commendators of the three order priories as witnesses. Paulus de Mutina is named in this document as commander of Erfurt and Topfstedt.

On January 29, 1318, Paulus von Mutina signed a contract with the Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar as deputy of the Order Visitor of the Johanniter , which regulated the handover of the Templars in his territory to the Johanniter. In this document, too, Paulus de Mutina is referred to as commander of Erfurt and Topfstedt. He had previously signed a similar contract with Archbishop Burkhard von Magdeburg. During this time he pledged the farm at Topfstedt to Count Heinrich the Elder of Hohnstein, which was presumably redeemed in 1324. Paulus von Mutina gave up the Kommende Erfurt again in 1319/20.

On March 18, 1320, the convent and commander of Erfurt, Conrad Unsothe and the convent and commander Burkhard von Weißensee jointly sold interest from goods on the Bindersleben field to the Marienstift in Erfurt. The Provincial Commander Paulus de Mutina gave its approval. The Johanniter needed a lot of money to buy the former Templar estates. On July 12, 1322, Ludwig called von Greußen, the provincial commander of the Johanniter in Thuringia, Prior Rudolph and the convent of the House of Weißensee sold four hooves in Linderbach for 108 silver marks to the Peterskloster in Erfurt. The four hooves originally belonged to the religious house in Erfurt. Strangely enough, no commender of the order house in Erfurt appears in this document. According to Richard Loth, there was a leprosarium and a chapel on the road from Erfurt to Weimar on the border with Linderbach (evidence: 1462). However, it is not known whether the hospital already existed at the time, or which institution maintained and operated the hospital. The Kommende Erfurt had the church patronage in Linderbach, which passed to the Kommende in Weißensee after the order was dissolved and sold.

On December 10, 1324, Ludwig von Greußen, General Komtur der Johanniter in Thuringia, Rudolf, Prior and the convent of the order house at Weißensee sold 1½ Hufen in Linderbach for 52 marks of silver to the Peterskloster in Erfurt. The proceeds were to be used to redeem the Ordenshof in Topfstedt that Paulus de Mutina had pledged to Count Heinrich the Elder of Mansfeld . The prior of the order house in Erfurt, Heinrich von Sömmerda and the commander Konrad Unsothe are also named.

On April 11, 1339, Brother Bertold von Henneburg, prior of the Johanniterordensprovinz Alemannia, sold the Johannishof in Erfurt for 102 silver marks to the city council of Erfurt. He confesses that he acted with the knowledge and advice of the commendators (unfortunately not named) in Weissensee, Kutzleben, Bessingen, Heilingen, Topfstedt and Erfurt.

The city converted the Johanniterhof into a granary. From 1466/7 to 1472, however, a new granary was built between the Glockengasse and the new Ackerhofgasse. On September 29, 1339 the above Grand Prior Bertold von Henneberg sold the property of a mill and a garden in Erfurt to the priest Hermann von Hochdorf.

In 1340 the pleban Hermann in Hochdorf donated a farm bought by the Commandery of the Johanniter in Weißensee, which was located outside of Erfurt opposite the mill of the regulator monastery, to the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt.

In 1345 a garden given to the Augustinian order is mentioned, which had previously belonged to the Order of St. John.

Commendators / Commands / Priors

  • 1292 Brother Felix, commander
  • 1316 Brother Volckmar, commander
  • 1317–1319 Paulus de Mutina, commander
  • 1320, 1324 Conrad Unsothe, commander of Erfurt
  • 1324 Heinrich von Sömerda, prior

literature

  • Carl Beyer: Document book of the city of Erfurt. First part. Historical sources of the province of Saxony and neighboring areas, 23rd volume, 515 pages, Verlag von Otto Hendel, Halle 1889 (hereinafter abbreviated to Beyer, Erfurt document book, with corresponding page number)
  • Carl Beyer: Document book of the city of Erfurt. Second part. Historical Sources of the Province of Saxony and Adjacent Areas, Volume 24, 918 pp., Verlag von Otto Hendel, Halle 1897 (hereinafter abbreviated as Beyer, Erfurt Document Book, Vol. 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Otto Dobencker: Regesta Diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. 4th volume. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1939 (in the following abbreviated to Dobecker, Regesta Diplomatica, Vol. 1 with the corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the residence formation in the Brandenburg ballot of the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (eds.): Regionality and transfer history of the Knights' order of the Knights Templar and Johanniter in northeast Germany and Poland. Pp. 271–337, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History Volume 9, at the same time: Volume 4 of the publications of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 (im In the following abbreviated to Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) with the corresponding page number)
  • Alfred Overmann: Document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries. Part 1 (706-1330). Self-published by the Historical Commission, Magdeburg, 1926 (hereinafter abbreviated to Overmann, document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries with the corresponding page number and document number)
  • Alfred Overmann: Document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries. Part 3 The documents of the Augustinian hermit monastery (1331–1565). Self-published by the Historical Commission, Magdeburg, 1934 (hereinafter abbreviated to Overmann, Document Book of the Erfurt Founders and Monasteries, Vol. 3 with the corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Gerd Schlegel: The history of the Johanniterkommende Weißensee in Thuringia. Castrum Wiszense, series of publications by the Association for the Rescue and Conservation of the Runnebirg in Weißensee / Thür. eV, Volume 4: 224 pp., Weißensee, 1996 (in the following abbreviated Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee with corresponding page number)
  • Ernst Staehle: History of the Johanniter and Maltese: The Johanniter and Maltese of the German and Bavarian tongue: international and supraregional. 304 p., Weishaupt, 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walter Gerd Rödel: The Great Priory Germany of the Order of St. John in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Reformation . 484 pp., Wienand Verlag, Cologne, 1972, p. 30; Snippets
  2. ↑ a b Beyer, document book of the city of Erfurt, 1st volume , p. 209, document no. 323 Online at archive.org .
  3. ↑ Beyer, Erfurt City Record Book, 1st volume , p. 48, document no. 93 Online at archive.org .
  4. ↑ Overmann, Document Book of the Erfurt Founders and Monasteries, Document No. 492, p. 288.
  5. ↑ Dobencker, Regesta Diplomatica, Vol. 4 , p. 309, Document No. 2158 of February 19, 1283.
  6. ↑ a b Overmann, Document Book of the Erfurt Founders and Monasteries, Document No. 684, p. 392.
  7. ^ A b c Peter Kuhlbrodt: New Research on the History of the Imperial City of Nordhausen III. From the Templerhof to the collection courtyard of the Ilfeld Monastery and the post office of the Kingdom of Hanover without date PDF
  8. ↑ Karl Borchardt: The Johanniter and their Balleien in Germany during the Middle Ages. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 63–76, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 74
  9. ↑ Grzegorz Jacek Brbestowicz: The abolition of the Templar order in the Neumark and in Pomerania. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 63–76, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 167
  10. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) , p. 303.
  11. ↑ a b c d Overmann, document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries, document No. 1249, p. 704
  12. ↑ a b Overmann, document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries, document no. 1110, p. 612/13.
  13. ↑ Overmann, Document Book of Erfurt Founders and Monasteries, Document No. 1164, p. 639/40.
  14. ^ Richard Loth: The medical system, the medical status and the medical faculty up to the beginning of the 17th century in Erfurt. Yearbooks of the Royal Academy of Non-Profit Science, 30: 383–466, Erfurt 1904, p.
  15. ^ Paul Lehfeldt: Architectural and art monuments of Thuringia. Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Volume I. Weimar administrative district. District court districts Grossrudestedt, Vieselbach, Blankenhain, Ilmenau and Weimar. 444 pages, published by Gustav Fischer, Jena 1893.
  16. ↑ Beyer, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt, vol. 2 , pp. 154–155, document no. 184 Online at archive.org
  17. ↑ Jörgen Bastian: Money rules (ruins) the world: a critical cultural history of money. IV, 682 pp., Verlag Norderstedt (Books on Demand GmbH), 2009 ISBN 978-3-8370-9060-4 , p. 169
  18. ↑ Online at Google Books p. 322.
  19. ↑ Beyer, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt, vol. 2 , pp. 156–158, document no. 188 Online at archive.org
  20. ↑ Overmann, Document Book of the Erfurt Founders and Monasteries, Document No. 33, p. 25
  21. ↑ Beyer, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Erfurt, vol. 2 , pp. 211–212, document no. 258 Online at archive.org
  22. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) , p. 304.
  23. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 38.

annotation

  1. ↑ The Coming Erfurt was definitely not an original Templar Coming that was taken over by the Johannitern, as Gahlbeck (p. 304) and Borchardt (p. 74) write in their articles from 2014.

Coordinates: 50 ° 59 '  N , 11 ° 2'  E