Coming Schlatt

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St. Sebastian Schlatt village church

The Kommende Schlatt was a branch of the Lazarus Order ( Military and Hospital Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem ) in Schlatt near Bad Krozingen in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district in Baden-Württemberg . It was created around / after 1250 and was therefore probably the latest foundation within the regional association of the Upper Houses (Schlatt, Gefenn and Uri) within the Alemannia order of the Order of Lazarus. As early as the end of the 13th century, a women's convent can be found in addition to the men's convention. In 1362 the Komtur Konrad von Friesen and the prioress Ida von Wassen sold the order properties in Schlatt to the Johanniterordenshaus in Freiburg i. Br., And converted to the Order of St. John. The coming Schlatt of the Order of Lazarus was thus dissolved.

Seal of the Lazarite House Schlatt (from Poinsignon, 1884)

location

Schlatt is about 13 km southwest of Freiburg im Breisgau and 2 km northwest of Bad Krozingen . The location of the religious house within the village is no longer known.

history

It is not known when the Lazariterhaus in Schlatt was donated. A deed of foundation dated February 28, 1220 has proven to be a forgery from the end of the 13th century. The first secure (and genuine) document in which the Schlatt monastery is mentioned dates back to 1271.

The forged deed of foundation from 1220

According to the forged document from 1220, three gentlemen from Staufen, Marshal Gottfried and his son Otto and his brother Werner, are said to have donated the St. Sebastian church in Schlatt to the Order of Lazarus in order to set up a convent of brothers and sisters there. They got to know the Order of Lazarus on the Third Crusade (1189–1192) in the Holy Land. In admiration that the brothers of the Lazarites fought with great bravery against the unclean Saracens in the battles, they vowed this gift. According to this legendary tale, a knight Heinrich von Amhaben was supposed to be the fitter of the Lazariterhaus. This Heinrich is now no legend figure, but entered in the Seedorf Nekrologium under January 31, but without a year. He is very likely identical with the knight Heinrich von Amhaben, who can be documented from 1239 to 1250, mostly in the vicinity of the donor family of the Lords of Staufen. Brigitte Degler-Spengler therefore does not completely rule out a true core of the forged document. The donors could actually have been on a crusade, such as the crusade of Frederick II (1228 to 1229). The knight Heinrich von Amhaben could have entered the Order of Lazarus after 1250 and set up the order house. It therefore does not set the foundation of the Schlatter religious order before 1250; Schlatt would have been the last establishment within the regional association of the Upper Houses of the Order of Lazarus.

Aloys Schulte, who discovered the forgery in 1886, dated the forgery to the time after 1300. More recent works, however, assume that it was made in the 13th century. Rainer Hugener even thinks it is conceivable that the forged certificate of incorporation served as the basis for the real certificate of confirmation from 1277. It follows in the list of people of the forgery. A document from King Wilhelm of Holland for the Lazarites, which he had issued in 1248, was probably used as a template for the forgery and then the confirmation document from 1277 . Falsification and confirmation documents contain entire passages almost verbatim from this document.

Secured story

The first real document that proves the existence of the Schlatter Lazariterordenshaus comes from 1271. It is also the evidence for the primacy of Schlatt within the regional association of the upper houses (Schlatt, Gfenn and Uri) of the Lazarus order. Schlatt is almost always mentioned first in the order of the three religious houses. The Schlatter (house) commanders (in regional historical literature they are usually called commander) were also commander of the regional association of the upper houses until almost the end of the Schlatter religious order . This could indicate that Schlatt was the largest of the three Upper Houses of the Order of Lazarus in the second half of the 13th century .

On November 11, 1271, Heinrich von Graba, General President of the Lazarites in Alemannia and from this side of the sea appointed a brother Volbert to command the houses Schlatt, Gfenn and Uri. The certificate was issued in Megersheim ( Megorzheim ). On March 29, 1272 the Franciscan brother Conrad zu Luzern, Heinrich, Kirchherr and Dean in Luzern and Conrad, the people priest zu Hasle announced the appointment of Brother Volbert to the command of the Lazariter houses Schlatt, Gfenn and Uri. The Liber decimationis of the Diocese of Constance of 1275 confirms that the Lazarites owned the Schlatt church and appointed its rector. The annual income of the church of Schlatt is given as 10 silver marks, a very low figure.

On February 25, 1277 Gottfried the Elder, his brother Werner and the great-nephew Diethelm von Staufen confirmed the donation and foundation to the Order of Lazarus ( fratribus et domui sancti Lazari Iherosolimitani ordinis beati Augustini ). From that year until 1321, Siegfried von Schlatt (Slatte) was in charge of the Schlatt Coming and later also of the Regional Association of Upper Houses. It could not be determined whether he got his surname from Schlatt or whether he was a member of the von Schlatt family. In any case, he seems to have been a respected man. In 1301 he settled a dispute between the St. Trudpert monastery and the pastor in neighboring Kirchhofen .

In 1288 Ludwig Ederli handed over the tithe from Schlatt to the Johanniterkommende Freiburg. Otto von Staufen as his feudal lord confirmed the donation and for his part renounced his right to the Schlatter tithe. The donation was confirmed a few days later by Bishop Rudolf of Constance. The Lazarites von Schlatt believed that they were entitled to a tithe and brought the dispute to an arbitration tribunal. The verdict is not received, but they appear to have been dismissed.

The female convent in Schlatt is documented for the first time in 1297, when a sister Anna, daughter of Johannes der Schwabe, received mats from her parents under the spell of Schlatt. Brigitte Degler-Spengler thinks it is possible that the Schlatter branch of the Lazarus Order was a double monastery from the beginning. If one assumes that the forgery backdated to 1220 was the basis of the confirmation of 1277, then it should describe the current situation at that time. One can assume that the women's convent existed before 1277. It was believed that the sisters took care of the female inmates of the leprosy. However, there is no mention of a hospital in any of the documents. The existence of a hospital cannot, however, be ruled out due to the limited number of documents.

In 1298 Werner von Staufen bequeathed two yoke vineyards in Schlatt, called an der Hundhenke, to the Lazariterhaus in Schlatt .

On July 1, 1310, Komtur Siegfried and the Schlatt Convent sold goods in Schlatt for 22 marks of silver to the children of the late Hug Ederlin in Freiburg and received these goods back as inheritance. The Komtur Siegfried is also referred to as a citizen of Freiburg in this document. He is the author of the Seedorf Articles of Association from 1314, in which he compiled the laws of the House of St. Lazarus in Jerusalem from the years 1150 to 1187 in the historical section. In 1321 he passed new laws for the sisterhood in the Seedorf order house.

In 1330 the Lazarite sister Anna von Tunsel received a gift from Johann the Gisinger, which was attested by a brother Johann of the religious house. In 1352 the monks' financial needs increased when Commander Peter and the convent had to sell annual grain interest from fields in Schlatt; but he reserved the right of repurchase. In 1354 he had to certify that, as the caretaker of the religious house, he owed the Cistercian convent Günterstal an annual interest of 11 Mütt. The carer Peter is named in this document as a citizen of Freiburg.

In 1360 Pope Innocent VI confirmed . nor all the privileges, indulgents, freedoms and exemptions that the order had received.

The heavy burden of debt was probably the reason why the Coming Party dissolved in 1362 or converted to the Order of St. John. On April 19, 1362, the governor and preceptor Konrad von Friesen and the brothers and sisters of the Schlatter Lazaritenhaus sold the Johanniterhaus in Freiburg, represented by Commander Dietrich von Keppenbach and the procurator Gerung Syfrid for 112 guilders, with the Schlatt house, farm and church Accessories and patronage. The sellers had even obtained the approval of the General President of the Lazarites, Johannes Comes. The Johanniter also took over the considerable debts of the order house, which amounted to 246 gold guilders, 18 silver marks and 172 bushels of various grains. Conrad von Friesen comes from an Alsatian noble family.

This year, the Commander Konrad von Friesen and the master Ida von Wassen from the Lazaristenhaus in Schlatt asked Bishop Heinrich III. von Konstanz for permission to convert to the Order of St. John. The request was probably granted, as different members of the order were not allowed to live in one convent. On April 19, 1362 the Kommende Schlatt was handed over to the Johanniterkommende Freiburg . In 1371, Count Egino IV of Freiburg sold the entire village of Schlatt for 200 gold guilders to the Order of St. John, who thus further consolidated their property in Schlatt.

The reasons for the failure of this branch of the Order of Lazarus can be found in a document from Bishop Heinrich III of Constance. read out, who confirmed in the same year that the sale had taken place under canon law. He named the poor management by the commander or keeper, the disagreement in the convent, disputes with the villagers and the sterility of the estates as causes. The latter is more likely to mean the low income from the property. A year later, in 1363, Gottfried von Staufen also confirmed that the Lazaritenhaus in Schlatt, which his ancestors had founded, had legitimately been transferred to the Johanniter and renounced the ius patronatus, gwardie, vicedominatus et advocatie, which was due to him .

Buildings

Nothing has survived (above ground) from the convent buildings. The women's convent is said to have been used as a rectory after it was sold and destroyed in the Thirty Years War. According to Adol Poinsignon, when a brewery was being built in the 1880s, old foundations that should have belonged to the old religious house are said to have come to light.

Commendators / Commands / Heads

  • 1271–1273 Brother Volbert, Union and House Commander
  • 1273 Ulrich, association and house commander
  • 1277 Siegfried, House Commander, from 1282 to 1321 Association and House Commander
  • ? Johann, he testified to a donation to a Lazarite sister, but is not expressly referred to as a commander, but only as a brother
  • 1334–1335 Ulrich von Ottikon, Association and House Commander
  • 1352–1354 Per, commander and nurse
  • 1362 Conradus de Friesen, last governor and preceptor

literature

  • Fontes Rerum Bernensium. Bern's historical sources. Third volume, covering the period from 1271 July 3 to 1299, December 3. In commission of the J. Dalp'schen Buchhandlung (K. Schmidt), Bern, 1881 (hereinafter abbreviated Fontes Rerum Bernensium, vol. 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Othmar Heggelbacher: The coming of the Lazarite order to Schlatt in Breisgau. Freiburg Diocesan Archives, 74: 169–180, 1954.
  • Walter G. Rödel: Becoming and working of the Lazarus order. An overview with special consideration of the religious houses in Germany and Switzerland. 36 p., Cologne 1974
  • Elisabeth Sauer: The Lazariter Order and the statute book of Seedorf. Philosophical dissertation, University of Friborg 1930.
  • Aloys Schulte: The beginnings of the coming of the Lazarite Knights in Schlatt i. Br. Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, 40 (= NF 1): 462–470, Freiburg i. Br., 1886 (in the following abbreviated to Schulte, Beginnings of the Coming One with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Adolf Poinsignon : The healing spring and the house of St. Lazarus in Schlatt i. Br. Schau-ins-Land, 11: 7–17, 1884.
  2. ^ Schulte , Beginnings of the Coming One, p. 463ff. Online at www.archive.org
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Brigitte Degler-Spengler: Schlatt. In: Bernard Andenmatten et al. (Ed.): Helvetia Sacra, Division IV, Order with Augustinian Rule, Volume 7, The Johanniter, the Templars, the German Order, the Lazaritans, the Pauliners and the Servites in Switzerland, Part Two , pp. 873–886 , Schwabe Verlag Basel, 2006. ISBN 978-3-7965-2153-9 .
  4. ↑ a b Fontes Rerum Bernesium , Volume 3, p. 14, Certificate No. 7th
  5. ↑ a b Fontes Rerum Bernesium , Volume 3, Certificate No. 16, p. 13.
  6. ↑ Schulte , Beginnings of the Coming One, p. 467ff. Online at www.archive.org
  7. ^ Josef Bader: The Lords of Staufen. Badenia or the Baden region and people: a journal for patriotic history and regional studies, 3: 43–53, Karlsruhe 1844. Online at Google Books , p. 52.
  8. ↑ The Lazarites in Schlatt sell goods there to the children of the late Hug Ederlin in Freiburg and receive them back as inheritance. Online at the digital library (original certificate of the Baden-Württemberg State Archive, Department General State Archive Karlsruhe, 21 No. 6696)
  9. ^ Andreas Lehmann: The development of the patronage relationships in the Archdiakonat Breisgau. Freiburg Diocesan Archive, journal of the Church History Association for history, Christian art, antiquity and literary studies of the Archdiocese of Freiburg with consideration of the neighboring dioceses, New Series, 12: 249–317, Freiburg i.Br., 1911, p. 278.

Coordinates: 47 ° 56 '  N , 7 ° 40'  E