Coming Wackenhausen

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Wackenhof on the topographic map 1: 25000 Bad Salzungen 5127 from 1919 (photo taken in 1905, with addenda up to 1919). South-east of the Flachsgrund (Flachsland) and south of the Liethe-Berg ("Wythegrund"? And Leythen Grund )

The Kommende Wackenhausen was a branch of the Order of Lazarus in Wackenhof , a hamlet in the Kupfersuhl district of the municipality of Moorgrund in the Wartburg district (Thuringia). It is already documented in 1268 and passed into the possession of the Order of St. John in 1492.

location

In the 16th century, the place Wackenhausen probably only consisted of the court of the Lazaritenkommende, so that the name changed to Wackenhof. Wackenhof is located about 1.5 kilometers north of Kupfersuhl and about 10 kilometers north-northeast of Bad Salzungen as the crow flies .

history

In contrast to the opinion of Walter Rödel in his work Becoming and Working of the Order of Lazarus. An overview with special consideration of the religious houses in Germany and Switzerland from 1974, Wackenhausen was not an order court of the Lazaritenkommende Gotha until the end of the 15th century , but an independent commander, as the list of three commendators from Wackenhausen known by name shows. Only after the Lazarite Coming in Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt were taken over by the Order of St. John in 1490, Wackenhausen sank down to the Ordenshof der Kommende Gotha. Little is known about the history of the Kommende Wackenhausen due to the lack of documents. The Order of Lazarus has been active in the hospital care of lepers since its inception in the first half of the 12th century. However, nothing in any of the Wackenhausen documents says anything about a hospital, but that does not mean that there was not originally a hospital. Wackenhausen was on the old road from Bad Salzungen to Eisenach.

In 1268, Boppo von Stein ( Boppe de Lapide ) issued the Lazarites a guarantee certificate for their goods purchased in Kupersule ( copper chair ).

On November 10, 1268, Brother Wilhelm, the master of the Order of Lazarus for Germany, confirmed that he was hereditary with goods in Flachsland ( Flaslandes ) and Wackenhausen ( Wackenhusen ) by Bertho (ld) (von Leibolz) , abbot of the Fulda monastery , and undertook to build a courtyard and a chapel in honor of St. Boniface and to pay ten pounds of wax to the Fulda Abbey annually on the eve of the Boniface Festival (June 4th).

In 1295 the Thuringian Landgrave Albrecht II left the jurisdiction over the people from Kupfersuhl who belonged to the Order of Lazarus to the Kommende Wackenhausen and received a Malter oat and a young chicken as interest . According to Friedrich Regel, this interest must have been assigned to the Lords of Frankenstein, since in 1330 the Frankensteiners sold all of the Kupfersuhl ( Chüfpirsula totaliter ) to the Counts of Henneberg.

In 1378 the commander of Wackenhausen, Bertold von Elnde, witnessed the pledge of five Hufen land in Breitenbich to Heinrich Knorre.

In 1437 the Thuringian commander Heinrich Stopil and the commanders Johann Bobenberg zu Braunsroda, Günther Lorey zu Gotha, Friedrich Smedt zu Wackenhausen and Johann Pinckernal zu Breitenbich sold a forest, called the bricken breyte, to the city of Gotha, and acknowledge receipt of 50 thalers. The named commander for Wackenhausen, Friedrich Smedt, was house commander in Gotha in 1433. Wackenhausen was deserted around 1440 ( Wakkinhusen, that is desert ). Presumably this note concerns the place, the Lazariterhof probably continued to exist, since only three years earlier a commander from Wackenhausen was named.

In 1456, the estate of the Kommende in Kupfersuhl, which was not carried out further, was left to Heinrich Jeger as an inheritance against interest for 50 years.

In 1489 Heinrich Schmuckschuh, Commendator of Wackenhusen, was the Order of Sant Lazarus . That year he issued a lapel to the abbot Johann II von Henneberg of the Fulda monastery, in which he undertook to deliver 10 pounds of wax to the abbot and to restore the Boniface altar in the church of Wackenhausen. He had been put under the spell by the Abbot of Fulda because of backward wax interest. The document was issued on the Friday after Johannes Baptista (June 28, 1489). It is a bit strange that at this point in time the bull of Pope Innocent VIII of March 28, 1489, with which he repealed the Order of Lazarus and united it with the Order of St. John, is not mentioned at all. According to Emil Dietrich, however, Pope Innocent VIII's bull is said to have been read in Gotha in 1491.

In 1492 the court was transferred to the Kommende Gotha and the Order of St. John. In a document from 1519, Johann Rösner, then commander of the Kommende Wildungen and Wiesenfeld , wrote that the Kommende Gotha passed to the Johanniter 27 years ago (i.e. 1492).

According to Georg Brückner (1853), a chapel is said to have stood in the neighboring village of Möhra (district of Moorgrund) at an early stage , which is said to have been founded by St. Bonifatius and which is said to have been cared for by priests from the Wackenhausen family. There was no documentary evidence to be found. Whether there is a mix-up with the church in Wackenhausen, in which a Boniface altar had to be installed after the fiefdom of 1268?

Around 1500 the sovereign in Leythen Grund and Flachsland (near Breitenbich) had wild bans and jurisdiction, the forests themselves belonged to the Johann rulers .

In 1510, Peter Klopstein, the deputy of the commander in Gotha, had Abbot Johann zu Fulda, it is still the above Johann von Henneberg, enfeoff with the court in Wackenhausen.

In 1525 Peter Klopstein transferred all goods of the Kommende Gotha to the City Council of Gotha, but reserved the right to use them. In 1534 he left all goods of the Coming House for full use to the City Council of Gotha and retired to his house in Jüdengasse in Gotha.

In 1534 the Gotha City Council sold the goods in Wackenhausen and Kupfersuhl, the forests in Flachsland (878 acres in size) and in Wythengrund (= Leithengrund) for 2,450 guilders to the City Council of Salzungen . Half of the wood that was felled in the flax country had to be left to the city of Eisenach for a fixed price. It was not until 1810 that the city of Salzungen succeeded in replacing this old right of the city of Eisenach against payment of 2000 thalers. This also removed the feudal dependence of the Wackenhof, located in the flax land. According to Röhrig, the flax land is said to have been arable in the past and only turned into forest in the 14th century.

In contrast, the town of Salzungen sold Kupfersuhl to the town of Eisenach in 1561.

Commendators / Commander

  • 1378 Bertold von Elnde
  • 1437 Friedrich Smedt, commander. In 1433 he was house commander in Gotha.
  • 1489 Heinrich Schmuckschuh, Komtur

literature

  • August Beck: History of the Gotha Country, Volume 2. History of the City of Gotha. Publishing house of EF Thienemann's Hofbuchhandlung, Gotha 1870. (In the following abbreviated Beck, History of the Gothaischen Land with corresponding page number)
  • Georg Brückner: Regional studies of the Duchy of Meiningen. Second part. (The topography of the country). Verlag von Brückner and Renner, Meiningen 1853 (hereinafter abbreviated to Brückner, topography of the country with corresponding page number)
  • Emil Dietrich: The Hospital Mariä Magdalenä in Gotha. Journal of the Association for Thuringian History and Antiquity, 3: 289–312, Jena 1857 (hereinafter abbreviated to Dietrich, Das Hospital Mariä Magdalenä with corresponding page number)
  • Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur: The merger of the St. Lazarus order in Germany with the Johannitern. Weekly newspaper of the Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 1st year, issue 10 (December 5, 1860), pp. 37–39, Berlin 1860
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Madelung: Entries to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha: together with the corresponding documents collected in 1767 with complete registers. 108 p., Verlag Christian Mevius Erben, Gotha, 1767 (hereinafter abbreviated to Madelung, contributions to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha with corresponding page number)
  • Walter G. Rödel: Becoming and working of the Lazarus order. An overview with special consideration of the religious houses in Germany and Switzerland. 36 p., Cologne 1974 (in the following abbreviated Rödel, Becoming and Working of the Order of Lazarus with corresponding page number).
  • Friedrich Schmidt: History of the city of Sangerhausen: edited on behalf of the magistrate. Volume 1, 916 pages, self-published by the magistrate, Sangerhausen 1906 (in the following abbreviated to Schmidt, history of the city of Sangerhausen with corresponding page number)
  • Wilhelm Ernst Tentzel: Svpplementvm Historiae Gothanae Secvndvm De Vario Arcis Vrbisqve Statv Ab Origine Vsqve Ad Nostra TemporaSupplementum Historiae Gothanae Secundum De Vario Arcis Urbisque Statu Ab Origine Usque Ad Nostra Tempora Multis Diplomate Historiam Praça Aeneesecn . Jena, 1702 (hereinafter abbreviated to Tentzel, Svpplementvm Historiae Gothanae Secvndvm with the corresponding page number)
  • Johannes Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld. First volume. Johann Georg Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1792 (hereinafter abbreviated to Wolf, Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes, Vol. 1 with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Madelung , Entries to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha, p. 88 online at Google Books
  2. ↑ Tentzel, Svpplementvm Historiae Gothanae Secvndvm , p. 66 Online at Google Books (wording of the certificate)
  3. ↑ The Knight's Order of the Lazarites, through its Provincial Magister for Germany, Frater Wilhelm, is committed to the estates in Flachsland (Flaslandes) and Wackenhausen (Wackenhusen) (Wackenhof, district of the.), Inherited by Bertho (von Leibolz), Abbot of Fulda Municipality of Kupfersuhl, today municipality of Moorgrund) to build a courtyard and a chapel in honor of St. Boniface and to pay ten pounds of wax to the abbot's chamber of Fulda every year on the eve of the Boniface Festival (June 4) online at Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek ( Memento des Originals vom November 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Original document in the Hessian State Archives Marburg, HStAM \ Urk. 75 \ 145). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de
  4. ^ A b Johann Friedrich Schannat: Fuldischer Lehn-Hof, Sive De Clientela Fuldensi Beneficiaria, Nobili Et Equestri Tractatus Historico-Juridicus. Johann Benjamin Andreae & Henr. Hort., Frankfurt am Main 1726 Online at Google Books (p. 369 documents No. 161, 182, 163 )
  5. ↑ Dietrich, Das Hospital Mariä Magdalenä , p. 300 Online at Google Books .
  6. ↑ a b c d Fritz rule: The development of the localities in the Thuringian Forest (north-western and central area). A contribution to Thuringia's settlement theory. Petermanns Mitteilungen, supplementary volume 17 (76): 1–100, Gotha, 1885, p. 64.
  7. ↑ a b c Ledebur , amalgamation of the Order of St. Lazarus in Germany with the Johannitern, p. 38
  8. ↑ Wolf, Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes , Vol. 1, Certificate No. 95, S.75 Online at Google Books
  9. ^ Schmidt, Geschichte der Stadt Sangerhausen , p. 837.
  10. ↑ a b Beck , Geschichte des Gothaischen Land, p. 334 .
  11. ↑ a b Georg Voss: Architectural and art monuments of Thuringia. Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach: Eisenach administrative district: Gerstungen and Eisenach district court districts (excluding Wartburg): Eisenach district court district - the rural locations. Online at the digital collections of the Weimar University Library
  12. ^ A b Johann Christian Lünig: Corpus Iuris Feudalis Germanici, That is: Collection of their Teutschen Lehen -rechte and habits. 2064 S., Friedrich Lanckischens Erben, Frankfurt am Main 1727 Online at Google Books S. 1875/76, document number 70.
  13. ↑ Heinrich Schmuckschuh (Heinricus Schmuckschuch), commander (comendator) of the Order of Lazarus in Wackenhausen (Wackenhusen) [today Wackenhof, municipality of Moorgrund], declares that he was supported by Johann [I. von Henneberg], abbot of Fulda, because of a payment of a wax interest (umb etliche retardata waxzinsz) of ten pounds from Wackenhausen and Flachsland (Flayszlands), which he had paid annually in Fulda on the eve of the feast of St. Boniface [June 4 ] is to be handed over to the abbot's chamber, and because Heinrich has not yet had an altar in Wackenhausen in honor of St. Bonifatius (in ere des himelfursten sancti Bonifacii) completed, with the ban on church (I came to Roman banne) has been occupied. Heinrich explains that he has now started to build the Commandery (compterey) Wackenhausen and to erect an altar and that the abbot has had him removed from his church ban for this. In addition, the abbot has released him from the outstanding payments of the wax interest and issued receipts for what God would repay him. Heinrich undertakes to finish the altar he has begun and to have it consecrated in honor of St. Boniface and his followers buried in the Fulda monastery. He declares to adhere to the written endowment (dotacion). Furthermore, he wants to have Wackenhausen, which was handed over to his order by the Fulda Monastery, expand and repair and in future to hand over the wax interest punctually, for which he will be issued receipts, as in a prescription that the Abbot of Fulda from the Order of the Lazarites and received by the superior of the order. Online at Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Orig. Document in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, HStAM \ Urk. 75 \ 1256) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de
  14. ↑ Dietrich, Das Hospital Mariä Magdalenä , p. 306 Online at Google Books .
  15. ↑ Brückner, Topographie des Landes , p. 42 Online at Google Books, p. 42.
  16. ↑ Dietrich, Das Hospital Mariä Magdalenä , p. 308 Online at Google Books .
  17. ↑ Petrus Clopstein, Commander of the Order of St. John in Gotha, declares that Johann [I. von Henneberg], Abbot of Fulda, enfeoffed him and the Commandery (with some goods), as can be seen in the document advertised below. He praised the abbot and the monastery for himself and his successors as commander-in-law, declares that he will do the best he can to prevent damage and that he will also obey the other articles of the document, insofar as they concern him and the commandery, as a feudal man. On all of this he swore a physical oath on God and the saints. Seal announcement. Advertised document from 1510 June 12: Johann (I. von Henneberg), Abbot of Fulda, declares for himself and his successors that he has Petrus Clopstein, Commander of the Order of St. John in Gotha, at his request the Fulda fiefs in the villages of Flachsland (Flachslanndt) and Wackenhausen (Wackenhusen) [today Wackenhof, district of Kupfersuhl, today municipality Moorgrund] with their accessories to Fuldaer feudal rights. What Petrus Clopstein and the Commandery (Gotshaus) otherwise have in fiefdom from the Abbey of Fulda or should have by law is included in the enfeoffment; Petrus Clopstein and his descendants should do their utmost to report such fiefs to the abbot. The commander is then accepted as a liege of the monastery. From the feudal goods he has to pay Boniface (June 5) an annual interest of ten pounds of wax to the monastery chamber in Fulda without delay. If the fiefs fall back, he should heed the succession (even if such fiefs often fall, obey due). He is said to be a loyal lieutenant towards the abbot and the monastery, which he swore with a shake of hands and a physical oath on God and the saints and put it on his lapel. Announcement of the abbot's secret seal. (... the giving is on Wednesdays after Bonifacii and Christ purted in five ten hundred and in ten days). German Digital Library ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Original document in the Hessian State Archives Marburg, HStAM \ Urk. 75 \ 1417) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de
  18. ↑ a b Brückner, Topographie des Landes , p. 16 Online at Google Books, p. 16.
  19. ↑ Dietrich, Das Hospital Mariä Magdalenä , p. 311 Online at Google Books .
  20. ↑ August Röhrig: Möhra, Dr. Martin Luther's home. 40 p., Scheermesser'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Salzungen, 1871 Online at Google Books p. 3.
  21. ^ Schmidt, Geschichte der Stadt Sangerhausen , p. 838.

Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 39 ″  N , 10 ° 15 ′ 35 ″  E