Coming Braunsroda

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Partial view of the Braunsroda estate. The buildings date from the beginning of the 18th century

The Kommende Braunsroda was a branch of the Lazarus Order ( Military and Hospital Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem ) in Braunsroda near Heldrungen in the Kyffhäuserkreis (Thuringia). It was created before 1231 with the donation of the chapel in Braunsroda and ended in 1490/92 when it was taken over by the Order of St. John; after that Braunsroda was only a religious court of the Kommende Gotha . The Ordenshof in Braunsroda came to the Counts of Mansfeld in 1496 (and finally in 1520) for annual interest.

location

Braunsroda is located around 2.2 km east-northeast of Heldrungen and 11.5 km east-southeast of Bad Frankenhausen / Kyffhäuser . The later manor of the von Trebra family in Braunsroda is likely to have been located on the site of the original Lazarite settlement.

history

Around / before 1230 the brothers Heinrich, Hartmann, Hermann and Otto von Heldrungen donated the St. Cyriaci Chapel in Braunsroda to the Order of Lazarus with their income and offices. The donation was confirmed by Archbishop Siegfried von Mainz on December 18, 1231.

In 1253 (July 7th) Pope Innocent IV ordered the high and low clergy to keep the Lazarite Brothers with their rights and privileges. This request was repeated in 1262 by his successor Pope Urban IV .

On May 22, 1280 Heinrich, Friedrich, Heinrich Hermann and Heinrich von Heldrungen certified that they had sold all goods belonging to the village of Brunsrode for permanent possession to the brothers of the Lazarus Order in Braunsroda. Whether Braunsroda was already coming, as Beck claims, is rather unlikely, since no Komtur is named. In 1293 only one head ( provisional ) was named in Braunsroda. Through further donations from the Lords of Heldrungen in Oberheldrungen , the property was expanded considerably and Braunsroda should then have risen to the next. The Coming also acquired four Siedelhöfe with four hooves and 70 acres of wood from the Count of Rabinswalde .

In 1296 the Counts Albert and Friedrich von Wernigerode donated the property of the late Berthold von Oberheldrungen that had fallen back to them to the Lazarites in Braunsroda .

On May 13, 1304 ( in the Sancti Servacii ) the cousins ​​Friedrich and Friedrich von Heldrungen left the church patronage in Brettla ( Bretleben ) and Bernsdorf (desolate near Reinsdorf ) to the Kommende Braunsroda .

On May 12, 1306, Heinrich de Gutthirn (Guttern, Gottern), the commander of Braunsroda, sold the Metelberg , which a knight Nenzmann once had as a fief from the Count of Bichelingen, for 16 Marks of silver from Nordhausen to Lupoldus, the commander of the German order commander Griefstedt. The sale is confirmed by the magister Alemanie fratrum ordinis sancti Lazari Henricus Thopilstein with his seal. The brothers Gerhardus Bock and Conradus de Erfordia are also mentioned as witnesses.

On March 21, 1313, Pope Clemens V confirmed to the commander and the brothers of the Kommende Braunsroda the right of patronage of the Church of St. Johannis zu Brethla ( Bretleben ) , which had been transferred to them by Friedrich, Herr zu Heldrungen .

In a document from 1378 the commander Günther Stotz von Braunsroda is proven. In 1483 the commander is named Matthäus Eichhorn.

In 1483, Pope Sixtus IV confirmed all of its privileges and income to the order. But already in 1489 Pope Innocent VIII abolished the order and incorporated it into the Order of St. John. However, the papal bull was hardly obeyed; B. in France, where the order continued to exist. The German branches of the Order of Lazarus all fell to the Johanniter in 1491/2.

After Gerd Schlegel, the Johanniterkommende Weißensee took over the properties of the Order of Lazarus in Braunsroda near Heldrungen in 1490. Only six years later the Kommende Weißensee is said to have given the Braunsroda property to the Counts of Mansfeld for an annual interest of 60 guilders. According to Sagittarius, however, the property in Braunsroda fell to the Kommende Gotha in 1490. In 1520 Peter Klopstein gave the farm in Braunsroda to Count Ernst von Mansfeld for an annual interest of 60 guilders. The count referred him to the Mansfeld Office of Heldrungen . Duke Georg of Saxony, Landgrave of Thuringia, confirmed the sale on June 11, 1520.

In 1525 Peter Klopstein transferred all goods of the Kommende Gotha to the City Council of Gotha, but still reserved the right to use the hospital goods and manage the hospital. It was not until 1534 that he finally renounced all goods and received generous compensation. Thus the city of Gotha was in the (upper) possession of the Braunsrodaer Hof. In 1536, the Gotha City Council tried to get the farm back into their direct possession. Even the Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen intervened. The court in Braunsroda remained in the (feudal) possession of the Mansfeld Counts, who had Braunsroda administered by the Heldrungen Office. In 1667, the estate had come into the direct possession of the von Trebra family through an exchange , who held it until 1945. The Heldrungen office had taken over the payment of the annual interest of 60 thalers to the Marien Magdalenen Hospital in Gotha.

According to Madelung, the Maria Magdalena Hospital in Gotha received the annual interest of 60 Mfl in 1767. from office Heldrungen . According to Naumann, the interest of 60 guilders was paid until 1854. Only this year did the government in Merseburg replace the interest.

Commendators / Commander

  • 1283 Heinricus, provisional
  • 1306 Heinrich de Gutthirn (Guttern), commander
  • 1378 Günther Stotz / Stoss, commander, was commendator of Breitenbich and Landkomtur in 1369
  • 1433 Johannes Prinzernail, Komtur (he was Komtur in Breitenbich in 1437)
  • 1437 Johann Bobenburg, Komtur
  • 1460 Matthäus Eichhorn, Komtur
  • 1483 Matthäus Eichhorn, Komtur

literature

  • August Beck: History of the Gotha Country, Volume 2. History of the City of Gotha. Publishing house of EF Thienemann's Hofbuchhandlung, Gotha 1870. (In the following abbreviated Beck, History of the Gothaischen Land with corresponding page number)
  • Emil Dietrich: The Hospital Mariä Magdalenä in Gotha. Journal of the Association for Thuringian History and Antiquity, 3: 289–312, Jena 1857 (hereinafter abbreviated to Dietrich, Hospital with corresponding page number)
  • Otto Dobencker: Regesta Diplomatica necnon Epistolaria Historiae Thuringiae. 3rd volume (1228-1266). Gustav Fischer, Jena 1925 (hereinafter abbreviated to Regesta, 3rd vol. With corresponding document number and page number)
  • Robert Hermann: Directory of the founders, monasteries and religious houses in Prussian Thuringia up to the Reformation. Journal of the Association for Thuringian History and Archeology, 8: 77–176, 1871 Online at Thuringian University and State Library , p. 90.
  • Karl Herquet : Document book of the former free imperial city Mühlhausen in Thuringia. In: Historical Sources of the Province of Saxony and Adjacent Areas, Volume 3 , Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, Halle, 1874 (hereinafter abbreviated to Herquet, Mühlhausen document book with the corresponding page number and document number)
  • Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur: The merger of the St. Lazarus order in Germany with the Johannitern . Weekly newspaper of the Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 1st year, issue 10 (December 5, 1860), pp. 37–39, Berlin 1860.
  • FW Madelung: Entries to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha: together with the corresponding documents collected in 1767 with complete registers. 108 p., Verlag Christian Mevius Erben, Gotha, 1767 (hereinafter abbreviated to Madelung, contributions to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha with corresponding page number)
  • Friderich Rudolphi: Gotha Diplomatica, Or Detailed Historical Description Of The Principality Of Saxony-Gotha. 3. The city of Gotha edification, borders, fields, springs, ponds, water rivers, ... also noble families and learned people. 352 p., Christian Benschens Buchhandlung, Frankfurt / Main & Leipzig, 1717 (hereinafter abbreviated to Rudolphi, Gotha diplomatica, vol. 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Caspar Sagittarius: Casparii Sagittarii Historici Saxonici. Historia Gothana Plenior. Ioannes Bielckius, Jena 1700 (hereinafter abbreviated to Sagittarius, Historia Gothana with corresponding page number)
  • Gerd Schlegel: The history of the Johanniterkommende Weißensee in Thuringia. Castrum Wiszense, series of publications by the Association for the Rescue and Conservation of the Runnebirg in Weißensee / Thür. eV, Volume 4: 224 pp., Weißensee, 1996 (in the following abbreviated Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee with corresponding page number)
  • Friedrich Schmidt: History of the city of Sangerhausen: edited on behalf of the magistrate. Volume 1, 916 pages, self-published by the magistrate, Sangerhausen 1906 (in the following abbreviated to Schmidt, history of the city of Sangerhausen with corresponding page number)
  • Wilhelm Ernst Ten (t) zel: Supplementum historiae Gothanae primum. Bielckius, Ienae / Jena 1701 (hereinafter abbreviated to Tentzel, Supplementum 1 with corresponding page number)
  • Wilhelm Ernst Ten (t) zel: Supplementum historiae Gothanae secundum. Bielckius, Ienae / Jena 1716 (hereinafter abbreviated to Tentzel, Supplementum 2 with the corresponding page number)
  • Helge Wittmann: In the shadow of the landgraves. Studies on the formation of aristocracy in high medieval Thuringia. 584 S., Böhlau, Cologne, 2008 ISBN 978-3-412-20805-9 (hereinafter abbreviated to Wittmann, IM Schatten der Landgrafen with corresponding page number)
  • Johannes Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld. First volume. Johann Georg Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1792 (hereinafter abbreviated to Wolf, Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes, Vol. 1 with corresponding page number)
  • Arthur Wyss: Hessian document book. First division of the record book of the Teutonic Order Ballei Hessen . 2nd volume (from 1300 to 1359). Hirzel, Leipzig, 1884 (hereinafter abbreviated as Wyss, Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen, 2nd volume with corresponding page number and certificate number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Madelung , Entries to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha, p. 43 online at Google Books
  2. ↑ Beck , Geschichte des Gothaischen Land, p. 354 .
  3. ↑ Wittmann, Im Schatten der Landgraves, p. 67 preview at Google Books
  4. ↑ Dorbencker , Regesta, Bd. 3, Urk.Nr.2138, S.338 Online at Thüringische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
  5. ↑ Dorbencker , Regesta, Bd. 3, Urk.Nr.3006, S.472 Online at Thüringische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek
  6. ↑ Sagittarius , Historia Gothana, p. 238 Online at Google Books
  7. ↑ Madelung , Entries to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha, p. 109. Online at Google Books
  8. ↑ Dietrich , Hospital, p. 300 Online at Google Books .
  9. ↑ Sagittarius , Historia Gothana, p 240 Live on Google Books
  10. ↑ a b Wyss, Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen , p. 71/72, document number 96.
  11. ^ Johann G. Anderson: History of the German Order Commende Griefstedt. X, 442 p., Self-published by the author, Erfurt, 1866 Online at Google Books p. 28.
  12. ↑ Herquet, Mühlhausen document book , p. 297, document no . 649 Online at Google Books .
  13. ↑ Supplementum Historiae Gothanae, Volume 1 , p. 620 Online at Google Books (wording of the certificate)
  14. ↑ Wolf , Politische Geschichte des Eichsfeldes, Vol. 1, Certificate No. 95, S.75 Online at Google Books
  15. ↑ a b c Beck , Geschichte des Gothaischen Land, p. 357 .
  16. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 58.
  17. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, pp. 55/56.
  18. ↑ Sagittarius , Historia Gothana, p 242 Live on Google Books
  19. ↑ Rudolphi , Gotha diplomatica, Vol. 3, p. 52 Online at Google Books
  20. ↑ a b Ledebur , amalgamation of the Order of St. Lazarus in Germany with the Johannitern, online at Google Books p. 38.
  21. ↑ Rudolphi , Gotha diplomatica, Vol. 3, p. 54 Online at Google Books
  22. ↑ Rudolphi , Gotha diplomatica, Vol. 3, p. 56 Online at Google Books
  23. ↑ Rudolphi , Gotha diplomatica, Vol. 3, p. 57 Online at Google Books
  24. ↑ Ledebur , amalgamation of the Order of St. Lazarus in Germany with the Johannitern, online at Google Books p. 39.
  25. ↑ Adolph Heinrich Gräser: Die Steuer-Natur des Geschosses, or: documentary evidence that the tax that still occurs under the name of the projectile in Thuringia and elsewhere must be discontinued free of charge due to the highest law of March 2, 1850: a legal historical contribution in relation to the landlord-peasant relationship in Germany. VIII, 320 p., Eisleben, Reichardt, 1853 Online at Google Books p. 292
  26. ↑ Madelung , Entries to explain and supplement the history of the city of Gotha, p. 108, note below. Online at Google Books
  27. ↑ Louis Naumann: The history of the Eckartsberga district. 432 p., Eckartshaus-Verlag, Eckartsberga 1927 Klassik Stiftung Weimar: Digital collections of the Duchess Amalia Library p. 363/64.
  28. ↑ Beck , Geschichte des Gothaischen Land, p. 334 .
  29. ^ Schmidt, Geschichte der Stadt Sangerhausen , p. 836.
  30. ↑ Beck , Geschichte des Gothaischen Land, p. 358 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′  N , 11 ° 15 ′  E