Schilling (Rhineland noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Schilling von Lahnstein

The von Schilling are a German aristocratic family , which can be traced back to the primeval family of the Schilling von Lahnstein and was later elevated to the status of barons and counts .

history

origin

The first known bearer of the name was a knight named Wilhelm Schilling in 1173. At that time, the family, which also appears under the names "Huneswin", "Bowe", "Broitsac" or "von Lahnstein", was in the Andernach area and in the region Middle Rhine Valley already widespread. Due to the lack of documented sources, the exact relationships can no longer be reconstructed. Binding rules of the emerging heraldry emerged much later, which is why a common family coat of arms does not exist. The family of the Panau bailiffs, unfortunately very inadequate in terms of sources, carried the coat of arms of the Schilling von Lahnstein and seems to belong to them.

tradition

According to our own account, which has been reliably documented since the 18th century, different families with names, independently of one another, assumed a common origin from the family of the Basel patricians Schilling, which suggests a grown tradition. The Schilling families from the Middle and Lower Rhine were always represented as being descended from them. However, since the period estimated for this is before the first mentions of this family, this tradition cannot be proven either.

Legendary family tree based on a 16th century chronicle

Henry III. Schilling von Lahnstein (1166–1221), called Huneswin, is ultimately considered to be the progenitor of the family and is said to have lived until his death as a ministerial at Lahneck Castle , which Emperor Friedrich II gave to Kurmainz in 1220 as a fief. According to a chronicle that reports on his life, however, he was generally active in Switzerland, in Lahnstein, but also in Italy. The descendants of his first son Johann I. Schilling von Lahnstein (1208-1292) were the founders of the Western Tribe and the Eastern Tribe, while his second son Konrad III. Schilling von Lahnstein (1212–1296) the founder of the Rhineland tribe and his third son Heinrich I. Bowe von Lahnstein (1213–1284) was the founder of the southern tribe, from which the Schilling von Canstadt emerged .

Western tribe

Coat of arms of the western tribe Schilling (Wissembourg, Wroclaw, Saxony)

Heinrich IV. Schilling von Lahnstein (1237–1294), eldest son of Johann I. Schilling von Lahnstein, is the founder of the western tribe. His first son Friedrich III. Schilling von Lahnstein (1270–1301) died childless. According to a legendary tradition, which was literarily processed in a novel by the writer Heinar Schilling in 1944, the second son Bernhard I. Schilling von Lahnstein (1271–1308) lost his life in the conspiracy against King Albrecht von Habsburg . However, there is no evidence of any involvement in the murder of the king, only the contemporary chronicle of Ottokar from the Gaal suggests in a few verses a connection between the conspirators and the Archbishop of Mainz , in whose vicinity the schillings can be proven.

One line finally emigrated to Silesia and established a branch there that flourished until the 18th century .

One of the descendants of the western tribe was the Kleckewitzer Ast (Kleckewitz manor near Raguhn, Saxony-Anhalt), who owned various goods in the Anhalt area and held public offices. At the beginning of the 17th century, Jobst was the royal court and district administrator of Köthen and the head of the same country . This line became extinct in the male line after it was forced to sell its goods to Prince Leopold I after 1736 . The name of the "Schillingsbusch" settlement near Dessau-Rosslau is reminiscent of this family .

Other lines of this tribe also settled in Central Germany in the course of the eastern colonization . One of these descendants was the well-known sculptor and ore caster Johannes Schilling , who created the Niederwald monument and the panther team at the Semper Opera House in Dresden .

Eastern tribe

Family coat of arms of the eastern tribe Schilling (Baltic States)

A later descendant of the Rhenish Schilling, Karl Gebhard v. Schilling, is the progenitor of the only still flowering (Estonian) branch of the eastern tribe. Karl Gebhard retired from military service in 1768 and initially devoted himself to managing his estates in Seinigal and Orgena. The family eventually owned the second largest estate in Estonia and was expropriated in 1919/20. In 1834 and 1855 the Estonian branch was granted the right to use the baron title again by the Imperial Russian Conducting Senate . As a result of the unrest in the Baltic provinces in 1906 and the revolution in 1917, several family members had already emigrated from the Baltic States ; in 1939, as a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact, the remaining members were completely resettled to Germany. Many also emigrated to other countries.

Rhineland tribe

With Johann II. Schilling von Lahnstein († 1347), the second son of Friedrich I. Schilling von Lahnstein, the secure, documented tradition of the Rhineland tribes begins. In 1312 he also became a Burgmann at Lahneck Castle . The family seat, however, was in Niederlahnstein, where the family owned an aristocratic court.

One of his descendants is Daniel Schilling von Lahnstein († 1541), who was married to Margarethe von Kottenheim († 1546). His epitaph is in the parish church Maria Himmelfahrt in Andernach . In front of an implied gate depicting the entrance to death, adorned with plants and leaf capitals, stands the armored from head to toe, bent a little forward and praying knight figure. In the corners are the ancestral coats of arms of the Schilling von Lahnstein (top left), von der Leyen (top right), von Kray (bottom left) and von Eltz (bottom right). The inscription reads: AN (N) OD (OMI) NI 1541 VFF THE 28th JVLII DIED THE ERENVEST DANIEL SCHILLING OF LANSTEN DEN GOT GSA

An epitaph of his son Konrad Schilling von Lahnstein († 1539), married to Otta von Liebenstein († 1556), has been preserved in the parish church of St. Nikolaus in Kottenheim . It is made of tuff and depicts life-size, armored and with a helmet on his head, the Junker holding a rosary in his hands. In the corners are the ancestral coats of arms of the Schilling von Lahnstein (top left), von Kottenheim (top right), von der Leyen (bottom left) and von Riedt (bottom right). The inscription reads: IN IAER VNS HEREN 1539 OF THE EIGHTH DAG MARTII DIED THE NOBLE VND STRENGE IONK IONKER CONRAD SCHILLINCK VAN LAINSTEIN THE GOT GNAIT AMEN. The epitaph was extensively restored in 2009-2013.

This line became extinct with his grandson Johann Konrad Schilling von Lahnstein, who died in Rome in 1608.

Southern tribe

Heinrich I Bowe von Lahnstein is considered to be the progenitor of the southern tribe from which the Schilling von Canstatt emerged .

Family association

In 1556, six named Schilling families with different coats of arms fraternized to form one sex. The Schilling tribe that owned Lahnstein died out in 1608. In 1924 the “Verband des Haus Schilling e. V. “and registered in Breslau and Dresden, registered in 1954 when a new company was founded at the Niederlahnstein district court . All three remaining tribes belong to this association.

coat of arms

In the case of the coat of arms, the gender has no common continuity, which is based on the one hand in the dating of the ancestral community in the early days of heraldry, on the other hand in very different regional customs. While the south tribe has had the same coat of arms since the 14th century, the family coat of arms of the east tribe is modern and has been fundamentally changed at least once and therefore does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the origin of the family.

The Schilling von Lahnstein family, like the Bowe, Huneswin or the Vögte von Panau, had three crowned eagle heads in their shield, mostly red on a white background, but the variant white on a blue background has also been handed down.

The traditional coat of arms of the Schilling on Kleckewitz showed a black bar covered with 12 silver spheres in the red shield. The number "12" stands for the word "shilling", since one shilling was worth 12 silver pennies. On the helmet with its red-black cover is an open red flight, covered on both sides with black bars carrying three silver shillings.

The coat of arms of the barons and counts von Schilling in the Baltic States, dating from the early Baroque period, shows a red bar on gold, which is covered with three silver helmets. On the helmet (or three helmets) with red and gold covers there are three (red, gold and red) ostrich feathers.

Personalities

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard Knipping: The Regests of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages . Volume 2, Bonn 1901, No. 984, 1051, 1190, 1237, 1250, 1522. ( Google books )
  2. ^ Fritz Michel : History of the City of Lahnstein , self-published, Lahnstein, 1982.
  3. ^ W. Frese, Fr. Schaback: "The history of the village of Frücht", H. Chr. Sommer KG, Bad Ems, Dietz, Limburg, 1952, page 14
  4. ^ Rolf Zobel, Wappen an Mittelrhein und Mosel , Verlag Books on Demand , 2013, ISBN 3848297515 , plate 25, plate 109, plate 175 and a.
  5. ↑ Bertram Resmini, The Dioceses of the Church Province of Trier. The Archdiocese of Trier 7. The Benedictine Abbey of Laach . Series of publications by Germania Sacra , De Gruyter, 1993, page 268 digitized
  6. ↑ The fragment of a chronicle from 1774 was published by Heinar Schilling in "Sources for the history of the Friedrich Schilling family +1373 / Ludwig Schilling's translations from 1774", Riesa self-published in 1917.
  7. ↑ A comprehensive description of this ancestral tradition, created in 1781 on behalf of Raphael Graf von Schilling, is in the Vienna Aristocratic Archives under the signature AT-OeStA / AVA Adel RAA 370.14.
  8. ↑ Also Carl Friedrich Schilling of Canstatt 1807 in his will which gender description families of Schilling Digitalisat one on this tradition, which he handed to the family of Schilling Buxfort.
  9. ↑ As early as 1729, the family from central Saxony around the Dresden official Dr. Jacob Friedrich Schilling is a descent from the Schilling patrician family from Wissembourg in Alsace, who were ennobled in 1507 and which is said to be derived from those in Basel via the Schillings of Surburg. Jacob Friedrich's son submitted a request to the emperor for this, which is preserved in the Vienna aristocratic archives under the signature AT-OeStA / AVA Adel RAA 370.11.
  10. ↑ Heinar Schilling (Ed.): "Sources for the history of the Friedrich Schilling family +1373 / Ludwig Schilling's translations from 1774", published by Riesa, 1917.
  11. ↑ Heinar Schilling: An upright man , Vier Tannen Verlag and Co., Berlin / Leipzig 1944
  12. ↑ Nassauer Annalen, Association for Nassau Antiquity and Historical Research, Wiesbaden, 1830, Volume 1, page 132
  13. ^ Fritz Michel : History of the City of Lahnstein , self-published, Lahnstein, 1982.
  14. ↑ Dr. Helmut Weinand: Illustrated cathedral guide through the Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary in Andernach. Görres-Druckerei und Verlag, Koblenz 3rd edition 2012.
  15. ^ Claudius Engelhardt: The parish church in Kottenheim: A tour through the church and its history. BoD - Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2014, ISBN 978-3-7322-9829-7 .
  16. ↑ Heinar Schilling: Schillingisches Wappenbuch. Self-published, Glücksburg 1946. Schilling reproduces a substantial part of the coats of arms and evidence for it, but this publication is partly very unscientific and speculative; So he constructs developments and justifications in the use of the coat of arms in order to justify the difference between the coats of arms, which was also used as a critique of a common origin.
  17. ↑ Rolf Zobel, Wappen an Mittelrhein und Mosel , Verlag Books on Demand , 2013, ISBN 3848297515 , on the other hand, gives a scientifically verifiable overview of the sometimes very flexible habits of heraldry on the Middle Rhine and Moselle.