Schilling (Saxon family)

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Historical coat of arms of the Schilling family from Rochlitz

The Schillings are an old Meissnian gender , which were particularly widespread in the Central Saxon region. Since the 14th century, the family provided a number of state and local officials, scholars, artists, Catholic and Protestant clergy, as well as a blessed.

Origin and coat of arms

According to family tradition, the family comes from a ministerial family from the Middle or Lower Rhine region, which settled in the area around Landsberg (Saalekreis) in the course of the eastern colonization . A common family coat of arms is not known. Originally the family seems to have led the Meissnian lion , because this coat of arms is documented in the lines Freiberg , Rochlitz and Schneeberg until the 17th century . While the chamberlain Gregor Schilling finally adopted a different coat of arms around 1580, which showed an alchemical symbol, the noble line in Löberitz and Kleckewitz had had its own coat of arms since the 15th century. The descendants of the Schneeberger line finally adopted the coat of arms of the Silesian family Schilling after 1700.

History until 1400

Kuno Schilling, his brothers and others renounce their rights in the village of Elsnig in favor of the Buch monastery, 1380

As a Meissen vassal , a Teodoricus Schilling first appeared as a knight in 1285, shortly thereafter a Fridericus Schillinc in 1288. In the following hundred years, individual representatives of the Schilling appeared, sometimes as servants, at the episcopal castle Giebichenstein . The exact family history remains obscure, however, until finally in 1380 the brothers Kuno, Thilo, Martin and Erhard ceded the interest they received from the village of Elsnig to the Buch monastery . They were in a dependent relationship with the Marshal von Bieberstein , who in turn already belonged to the city ​​patriciate of the city of Freiberg . In addition to the Schilling, the von Freiberg family, who were also born in Freiberg, had shares in Elsnig. These connections are interesting insofar as a branch of the Schilling, presumably the descendants of Kuno, moved their center of life to the central Saxon area, with two lines in Freiberg and Rochlitz . Another line, however, remained in the northern area around Zörbig and developed independently into a landed noble family, which last owned goods in the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau and which became extinct after 1750.

History from 1400

Older line Rochlitz

Building of the Kleinopitz manor, owned by the family in the 16th century.

With the rise of Rochlitz Castle to a main residence of the Wettins , the descendants of Kuno settled in this area. The first well-known representative in the region was Simon Schilling, who certified a charitable foundation for poor relief in 1457. This still existed in the 19th century. However, the history of the family is particularly closely connected to the Rochlitz Saupengütern. From at least 1470 onwards, the Schilling belonged to the Saupen families for 200 years without interruption, whose farms with special rights and official duties were separated from the village communities. Here the Saupe Caspar Schilling from Stöbnig stood out, who was district judge for the Rochlitz office after 1515. In addition to the schillings, the Nebildow also sat on these estates, which, like these, presumably came from the lower knighthood. This is quite remarkable, as the priest Johannes Schilling was a scholar in Zeitz in 1422 at the time when Nikolaus Nebildow was the canon there. The latter was in turn related to the Naumburg canon Georg, who was active as Chancellor Friedrich the Meek. Both families also settled in Freiberg. Johannes himself eventually became vicar in Naumburg Abbey. With him begins the tradition of academic education and the clergy, which persisted particularly in a Rochlitz branch throughout the 16th century and was carried on by a branch who emigrated to Pegau into the 19th century. The most important representative of the family, the religious priest and painter Karl Maria Schilling , who was beatified in 1968, also comes from this important branch of the family .

Younger line Freiberg

Schönfeld Palace near Dresden, owned by the family around 1600.

In Freiberg the Schilling acquired citizenship with Peter in 1422. They belonged to the council families from 1452 onwards. In addition, they were predominantly active in the butchers' guild and were already regularly in front of it in the council from 1433 onwards. In 1564 the brothers Martin and Antonius acquired the Kleinopitz manor through enfeoffment and from then on referred to themselves as "von Schilling". After their childless death in 1580 or 1586, this property, to which the villages of Niederhermsdorf and Halsbach also belonged, fell back to the elector, who gave it away elsewhere. However, the Freiberg butcher Gregor Schilling the Elder claimed the manor as an inheritance, but was rejected. In the previous year, his son, Gregor Schilling the Younger, had received the Schönfeld manor near Dresden , as well as a loan, which probably played a role in the Lehnhof's decision. Gregor the Younger was electoral chamber master in the service of elector August until 1585/1586 , and then chief smelter in Freiberg until his death shortly thereafter. His heirs eventually sold the Schönfeld estate and palace and continued to invest in mining . After the first quarter of the 17th century this line no longer emerges and is probably extinguished.

Schneeberg / Frankfurt (Oder) line

Access to the Schilling crypt in the Meißen-Zscheila church. Above is a memorial plaque donated by Heinar Schilling around 1943.

Matthes Schilling, who was a citizen of Eisleben and whose descendants were mainly active as merchants and mining entrepreneurs, was the progenitor of the lines, which later moved to Schneeberg and Frankfurt (Oder) . The Frankfurt-born Dr. Jacob Friedrich Schilling (1660 - 1742), who worked in Dresden as chief accountant and senior consistorial advisor. In addition to his town house in Moritzgasse in Dresden, he also acquired a number of manors , in particular the Proschwitz manor near Meißen , later the Zscheila manor and a number of other goods, some of which were inherited from his wife. While he sold Proschwitz again in good time, Zscheila remained the focus of the family for a long time, in whose church the family crypt has been preserved. The direct descendants of this Saxon official include the writer Friedrich Gustav Schilling , the sculptor Johannes Schilling , and his son, the architect Rudolf Schilling . It is noteworthy that this line, which in Schneeberg still carried the old family coat of arms in the shield, took over the coat of arms and the tradition of an ennobled, dead family from Wroclaw around 1720 and had this confirmed by the imperial authorities in 1729. For the alleged relationship in this request, only a copy of the original nobility letter from 1507 was submitted as evidence , whereas the actual genealogical connection remains unclear and can no longer be traced today.

Personalities

Adam Schilling , (1566 - 1637) painter and founder of a Großenhain painter's workshop
Christian Schilling (17th century) painter, grandson of Adam Schilling
Gregor the Younger Schilling († 1586) Saxon Chamber
Master Jacob Friederich Schilling (1754 - 1840) Norwegian Major General
Friedrich Adolph Schilling (1792 - 1865) German jurist and member of the Saxon state parliament
Karl Maria Schilling (1835 - 1907) religious priest and painter

  • Self-portrait Adam Schilling, 1594

  • Epitaph of Maria, the widow of the chamberlain Gregor Schilling, died 1623, originally Sophienkirche, today installed in the Kreuzkirche Dresden

  • Epitaph of Merten von Schilling, manor owner on Kleinopitz, died 1580, Possendorf church, with the family's coat of arms clearly recognizable

  • Epitaph of Antonius von Schilling, manor owner on Kleinopitz, died 1586, Possendorf church

  • Jacob Friederich Schilling, Norwegian Major General

  • Karl Maria Schilling as a religious priest of the Barnabites

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the Schilling family chronicle. This is on permanent loan from the Verband des Haus Schilling eV in the “Alte Pfarrhäuser” museum in Mittweida.
  2. ↑ See the coat of arms on the two epitaphs of the family in the church of Kesselsdorf.
  3. ↑ See the coat of arms on the portrait of Pastor Caspar Schilling in Finsterwalde, who comes from this line.
  4. ^ Christian Meltzer: Historia Schneebergensis renovata. That is: the renewed town and mountain chronica of the mountain town of Schneeberg in the Ober-Ertz-Gebürge of the praised Meißens. Heinrich Fulde, Schneeberg 1716, page 1092
  5. ↑ See the surviving epitaph of his wife, today's location Kreuzkirche Dresden.
  6. ↑ Heinar Schilling: Schillingisches Wappenbuch. Self-published, Glücksburg 1946
  7. ↑ Dr. Gustav Hertel: The oldest loan books of the Magdeburg archbishops. Published by the Historical Commission of the Province of Saxony. Otto Hendel Publishing House, Halle / Saale 1883
  8. ↑ Original certificate SHStA Dresden: 10001, older documents, No. 4288.
  9. ↑ M. Samuel Heine: Historical description of the old town and Grafschaff Rochlitz In Meißen: Inside of the same name, antiquity, situation, buildings, inhabitants, high state authorities, religious and church status, policey and school, peculiar advantages, Leipzig Martini 1719, p. 302
  10. ^ Gustav Adolph Ackermann: Systematic compilation of the pious and benevolent foundations, charitable institutions and non-profit associations existing in the Kingdom of Saxony, Leipzig Teubner, 1845, page 97
  11. ↑ Gottfried August Bernhardi: Brief message from the high and low officials of the Elector. Saxon Office Rochlitz. Verlag Müller, Leipzig 1776, page 16
  12. ^ Matthias Ludwig: canons and vicars of the collegiate monastery St. Peter and Paul in Zeitz 1400–1564. (Germania Sacra. Supplement 1), Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-946048-11-4 , page 49
  13. ^ Matthias Ludwig: canons and vicars of the collegiate monastery St. Peter and Paul in Zeitz 1400–1564. (Germania Sacra. Supplement 1), Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-946048-11-4 , page 72
  14. ↑ Andreas Möller : Theatrum chronicum Freibergense. Description of the old, laudable mountain capital Freyberg in Meissen. Freyberg 1653 page 371 ff.
  15. ^ Hubert Ermisch : Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony. Volume I-III. Leipzig 1883-1891. (= Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regia II, 12-14.) (Digitized Volume I , Volume II , Volume III )
  16. ↑ Sächsisches Staatsarchiv, 10080 Lehnhof Dresden, No. O 03576 and No. O 03577
  17. ↑ Saxon State archive, 50155 Standesherrschaft Koenigsbrueck (D), no. 117 U
  18. ^ State Archives Dresden, 10080 Lehnhof Dresden, No. F 367
  19. ↑ Andreas Möller : Theatrum chronicum Freibergense. Description of the old, laudable mountain capital Freyberg in Meissen. Freyberg 1653 page 474
  20. ↑ Kaspar Pamler: A Christian corpse sermon, Bey dem Geschäbnüß, Des Erbarn and Namhafften Iacobi Schillings, Weylandt Bürgers and Bidtners auffm Schneeberge , Frankfurt an der Oder, 1613, see also the catalog of the Princely Stolberg-Stolberg'schen Funeral Sermons Collection, vol IV / 1, Leipzig 1932.
  21. ↑ Heinar Schilling : The line of descendants of the Erik family, Glücksburg, 1948, column 45 ff.
  22. ↑ The process is in the aristocratic archives in Vienna, signature: AT-OeStA / AVA Adel RAA 370.11, title: "Schilling, Christian Ludwig, royal Polish and electoral Saxon chief accountant, confirmation and renewal of the nobility"
  23. ↑ Heinar Schilling: The lineage of the Eriksgeschlechts, Glücksburg, 1948, shows the origin of his ancestors from the Silesian Schilling as a fact, but his "lineage" is unscientific at this point and the evidence is often fictitious and does not stand up to verification , Information from the Association of the House of Schilling eV, August 26, 2019

literature

  • Clemens Pfau : The community of the Rochlitzer Saupen, in: Rochlitzer Tageblatt, special print from No. 12/1935; Ders., Die Saupen from the old Rochlitzer district court, in: Rochlitzer Tageblatt, special print from No. 36ff./1900
  • Fredrik Schilling: Slekten Schilling, self-published, Oslo 1954
  • Sylvestre Declercq: Le révérend Père Schilling Barnabite. Un artiste norvégien converti . Librairie Albert Dewit, Brussels 1928
  • Sigrid Undset: A Priest from Norway: The Venerable Karl M. Schilling CRSP , 1976