Upcoming Topfstedt

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The Kommende Topfstedt was initially a branch of the Templar Order in Obertopfstedt ( Kyffhäuserkreis , Thuringia ). After the dissolution of the Knights Templar in 1312, it became the property of the Order of St. John. It was probably drawn to the Kommende Weißensee as early as 1319 and dissolved as an independent Kommende.

location

The Kommende Topfstedt was in what was later known as Obertopfstedt (Thuringia). In the first mentions, the place is "only" listed as Topfstedt.

history

The story of this comedian is poorly documented. No document has survived from the time of the Templars. In a document dated August 2, 1312, the prior of the Johanniter in Germany, a brother Helfricus, confirmed that the Archbishop Peter von Mainz had transferred the court in Topfstedt, which had previously belonged to the Templars, to the Johanniter. He also promised that he would return the court to the archbishop if the Pope should make any other disposition over the court.

In the copy of a document in a copy book of the Ilfeld monastery from the 14th century, which was originally issued in 1316, there appears a brother Tileman von Northusen, who is the comptur in Huse zu Topstette. This brother Tileman either died in 1316/7 or had to vacate his position as Kommendator von Topfstedt during this time. The latter is probably the case, since the Commendator von Erfurt, a brother Volckmar, named in the same copy of the document, was no longer in office in 1317.

In 1317 Brother Leonardo de Tibertis, the authorized general visitator of the Order of St. John, appointed Brother Paulus de Mutina (Paolo de Modena) as his deputy for Germany, Bohemia, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. In this capacity Paulus de Mutina called a meeting of the priors of the Johanniter in Frankfurt am Main on October 18, 1317, at which the prior of Bohemia and Poland, the prior in Alamania superior , the prior of Alamania media and the commander of Herrenstrunden and Heiningen, who probably represented Alamannia inferior , took part as well as some other commendators of the three order priories as witnesses. In this document, Paulus de Mutina is referred to as commander of Topfstedt and Erfurt.

On January 29, 1318, Paulus von Mutina signed a contract with the Brandenburg Margrave Waldemar as deputy of the Order Visitor , which regulated the transfer of the Templar estates in his domain to the Johanniter. In this document, too, Paulus de Mutina is referred to as commander of Erfurt and Topfstedt. He had previously signed a similar contract with Archbishop Burkhard von Magdeburg. During his tenure, Paulus de Mutina pledged the farm in Topfstedt to Count Heinrich (the Elder) von Hohnstein.

On December 10, 1324 Ludwig named von Greußen, General Commander of the Johanniter in Thuringia, Rudolf, Prior and the convent of the order house in Weißensee sold 1½ Hufen in Linderbach for 52 marks of silver to the Peterskloster in Erfurt . The prior of the order house in Erfurt, Heinrich von Sömmerda and the commander Konrad Unsothe are also named. The proceeds were to be used to redeem the Ordenshof in Topfstedt that Paulus de Mutina had pledged to Count Heinrich the Elder of Mansfeld .

In the documents mentioned, however, there is no information about which goods originally belonged to the Kommende Topfstedt. A document dated March 16, 1320 shows that in addition to the farm in Topfstedt, four Hufen in Trebra belonged to the Coming Party, and that they had belonged to the Templar Coming party before.

The Kommende Topfstedt was dissolved as an independent Kommende in 1319 and attached to the Kommende Weißensee, which probably happened with the pledge of the farm in Topfstedt to the Count of Hohnstein.

On April 11, 1339, Brother Bertold von Henneburg, prior of the Johanniterordensprovinz Alemannia, sold the Johannishof in Erfurt for 102 silver marks to the city council of Erfurt. He confesses that he acted with the knowledge and advice of the commendators (unfortunately not named) in Weissensee, Kutzleben, Bessingen, Heilingen, Topfstedt and Erfurt. According to this, Topfstedt was still longer than Schlegel claimed, independent coming, or was still the release of the pledge coming again.

In the 15th century, Topfstedt had definitely sunk to the order's court of the Kommende Weißensee, in 1469 the commander Friedrich von Stein the Kommende Weißensee sold a farm in Obertopfstedt to Caspar Magerstet. It is very likely that this Vorwerk came back to the Kommende Weißensee because it was later owned by the Kommende Weißensee again.

In 1565, the then Weißensee commander Gilbrecht von Carben ceded the Weißenseer Ordenshof to Duke Augustus of Saxony in return for an annual payment of 50 florins commission and 100 florins service fee. Duke Augustus leased the Ordenshof to the city of Weißensee.

In 1565 Kersten Schatz from Uttenhausen des Vorwerk in Obertopfstedt leased from the Council of the City of Weißensee for a period of six years for 125 guilders a year. Kersten Schatz must have got another lease contract afterwards, because in 1576 he complained that he had not received reimbursement of construction funds of 82 thalers and 7 groschen from the council of the city of Weißensee. According to the inventory drawn up by the magistrate Philipp Nothnagel in 1565, the Topfstedt estate included a total of 326 fields , of which 92 were Winterfeld, 104 were Sommerfeld, 113 were fallow, 4 were were vineyards and 13 were were meadows.

In 1578, the city of Weißensee leased the Vorwerk in Obertopfstedt to Conrad Schmid, bailiff of Weißensee for 9 years for 150 guilders a year. The previous tenants Bernhard von Greußen, Hans Voigt and Kerstan Schatz are also named in the lease. In 1594 the order master Philipp Flach von Schwarzenberg took the Johanniter coming back into his own management. He let administrators manage the coming ones. In 1601 Johannes Brunner was administrator of the monastic goods. In 1603 Jacob Eichler administered the monastic goods.

In 1632 the Saxon Elector Johann Georg I moved in the Kommende Weißensee and made it a chamber property. At that time, 9 Hufen land, 26 fields of meadows and 9 fields of vineyards belonged to this estate. The rent was 5½ Malter wheat, 5½ Malter rye, 8 Malter barley and 8 Malter oats, but no monetary levies. According to the provisions of the Prague Peace of 1635, the Saxon Elector had to give the coming back to the Johannitern. In 1636 it was handed over to the representative of the Grand Prior of Germany Jacob Christoph von Andlau. The property of the coming had been badly devastated by the Thirty Years War. The financial obligations of the coming could no longer be met with the income, and so the debt burden of the coming rose sharply. In 1666, Commander Ulrich Forer leased the commander to the castles of the Weißensee office, Christian Albini zu Weißensee. In 1671 the tenant Albini was released from the contract because of a complaint. The complaint was ultimately rejected, but Christian Albini died soon afterwards. In 1673 the widow and his heirs were reinstated in the lease. In 1678 they ceded the contract to Prince Christian of Saxony-Weissenfels in return for a compensation payment of 650 thalers and the assurance that liabilities of 1495 thalers would be assumed . Christian von Sachsen-Weißenfels was fatally wounded on August 24, 1689 at the age of 37 during the siege of Mainz . Heir was his brother Johann Adolph I , the second Duke of the Duchy of Saxony-Weißenfels .

However, the Order of Malta still claimed the Kommende Weißensee as their property. In 1675, Johann Philipp Freiherr von Schönborn followed, who gave up the coming Schleusingen and Weißensee in 1686. He was followed by Baron Maximilian Heinrich von Burscheid from 1687. In 1689, Baron Maximilian Heinrich von Burscheid tried to take possession of the Kommende Weißensee again as designated commander. The magistrate Christian Gieselang had him forcibly removed from the court with the help of his team. Duke Johann Adolph I and his governor Gieseling were then accused by the commander of the Johanniterkommende Schleusingen Franz Freiherr von Franken before the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Wetzlar for breaking the peace. He also demanded the restitution of the order's court in Weißensee for the Johanniter. Duke Johann Adolph I doubted the jurisdiction of the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Wetzlar in this case. He went on to say that he was the legal owner of the goods and that Commendator Burscheid had not legitimized himself. Since the death of Kommendator Forer in 1671, no new Kommendator has appeared in Weissensee. The process dragged on, and it was not until 1695 that the Imperial Court of Justice decided that the Ordenshof and all pertinence pieces had to be returned to the Order. But Duke Johann Adolph ignored the judgment, and in 1697 his son Johann Georg took office. He also did not return the Order. Johann Georg died in 1712, followed by his brother, Duke Christian von Sachsen-Weißenfels . On September 16, 1723, a mandate from Emperor Charles VI was issued. that the Ordenshof Weißensee must be handed over to the Order of Malta; but this mandate also had no effect. Duke Christian von Sachsen-Weißenfels died in 1736, and his youngest brother Johann Adolph II succeeded him in the government. In 1738 the emperor finally commissioned the elector Friedrich August II of Saxony to carry out the mandate. But this time too, enforcement was not carried out. In 1746 Johann Adolph II. Von Sachsen-Weißenfels died without male descendants. The Principality of Saxony-Weißenfels reverted to the Electorate of Saxony.

The Saxon Elector Friedrich August II. (As Polish King August III.) Did not think of returning the Kommende Weißensee to the Order of Malta. In 1747 he awarded the Ordenshof in Obertopfstedt together with the Vorwerk in Kutzleben as well as the interest due to the Kommende Weißensee from the villages of Obertopfstedt, Kutzleben, Favoredt and Herrnschwende to his First Minister Heinrich von Brühl on his manor Gangloffsömmern . Associated with this was the right of patronage in Obertopfstedt. In 1751 Heinrich Graf von Brühl sold the property listed above for 86,000 thalers to the Princely Schwarzburg Oberhofmeister Christian Friedrich von Kißling in Arnstadt. However, Friedrich August II bought these property back in the same year (1751) for the same amount, 86,000 thalers. The former Johanniterhof then remained in sovereign possession. In 1793 the size of the farm in Topfstedt was given as 152½ acres of winter field, 103 acres of summer field, 103½ acres of fallow field and 24 acres of meadows.

After the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede the areas of the former Landgraviate of Thuringia , including the Thuringian District , to Prussia in 1815, the court in Obertopfstedt became a Prussian state domain. It was leased to the economist Spangenburg until 1820. He was followed by the bailiff Scheller, who died in 1826. The widow continued the business for two years; then she died too. In 1828 the state domain was advertised for sale. The court in Obertopfstedt to the Oberamtmann Nobbe for sold.

During the renovation of the steps leading to the church yard in Topfstedt, a grave slab was found, which, however, had broken into four parts and was already badly weathered. The shape and ornamentation of the grave slab was dated to after 1300. The year is no longer clearly legible and could be read as 52 or 59, which would result in a date of death of 1352 or 1359. The assumption was made that it is the grave slab of Bertholdus von Topffstete. However, he was not a Templar, but in 1332 a commander of the Thuringia Ballei of the Teutonic Order .

The Kommende Weißensee was not exempt from the burdens and duties of the sovereign and the city of Weißensee. It belonged to the lordly office of Weißensee in the Thuringian district of the electorate, and from 1806 to the Kingdom of Saxony. Between 1656/57 and 1746 it belonged to the secondary school principality of Saxony-Weißenfels .

literature

  • Carl Beyer: Document book of the city of Erfurt. Second part. Historical Sources of the Province of Saxony and Adjacent Areas, Volume 24, 918 pp., Verlag von Otto Hendel, Halle 1897 (hereinafter abbreviated as Beyer, Erfurt Document Book, Vol. 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Friedrich B. Freiherr von Hagke: Documented news about the cities, villages and goods of the Weissensee district. 728 p., GF Großmann, Weißensee, 1867 (hereinafter abbreviated to Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten with corresponding page number)
  • Joe Labonde: The Templars in Germany. An investigation into the historically inherited legacy of the Knights Templar in Germany. 451 S., Bernardus, Mainz 2010. ISBN 978-3-8107-0088-9 (in the following abbreviated Labonde, Templer in Germany with corresponding page number)
  • Gunther Lehmann, Christian Patzner: The Templars in Central Germany. 142 pp., LePa-Bücher, Erfurt 2004, ISBN 3-9808859-1-7 (p. 24ff.)
  • Alfred Overmann: Document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries. Part 1 (706-1330). Self-published by the Historical Commission, Magdeburg, 1926 (hereinafter abbreviated to Overmann, document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries with the corresponding page number and document number)
  • Gerd Schlegel: The history of the Johanniterkommende Weißensee in Thuringia. Castrum Wiszense, series of publications by the Association for the Rescue and Conservation of the Runnebirg in Weißensee / Thür. e. V., Volume 4: 224 S., Weißensee, 1996 (in the following abbreviated Schlegel, Johanniterkommende Weißensee with corresponding page number)
  • Michael Schüpferling: The Templar Order in Germany. 264 p., J. Kirsch, Bamberg 1915 (dissertation philos. Faculty of the University of Friborg in Switzerland), p. 110.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Labonde, Templer in Deutschland , p. 340.
  2. ^ A b Peter Kuhlbrodt: New Research on the History of the Imperial City of Nordhausen III. From the Templerhof to the collection courtyard of the Ilfeld Monastery and the post office of the Kingdom of Hanover without date PDF
  3. ^ Karl Borchardt: The Johanniter and their Balleien in Germany during the Middle Ages. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 63–76, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 74
  4. ↑ Grzegorz Jacek Brbestowicz: The abolition of the Templar order in the Neumark and in Pomerania. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 63–76, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 167
  5. ^ Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the residence formation in the Brandenburg ballot of the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (eds.): Regionality and transfer history of the Knights' order of the Knights Templar and Johanniter in northeast Germany and Poland. Pp. 271–337, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, at the same time: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 303
  6. ↑ Overmann, document book of the Erfurt founders and monasteries, document No. 1249, p. 704
  7. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 38.
  8. ↑ Beyer, Erfurt City Record Book , Vol. 2, p. 704 Certificate No. 1249 Online at archive.org
  9. ^ A b c Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 506 Online at Google Books
  10. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, pp. 77/78.
  11. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 512 Online at Google Books
  12. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 188.
  13. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 513 Online at Google Books
  14. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 20 Online at Google Books
  15. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 98.
  16. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 514 Online at Google Books
  17. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 515 Online at Google Books
  18. ^ Schlegel , Johanniterkommende Weißensee, p. 204.
  19. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 24 Online at Google Books
  20. ↑ Labonde, Templer in Deutschland , pp. 154–56.
  21. ^ Hagke, Urkundliche Nachrichten , p. 510 Online at Google Books

Coordinates: 51 ° 15 '  N , 10 ° 57'  E