Four spruce trees
| Four spruce trees | ||
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 View from the east |
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| height | 406 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Main-Kinzig-Kreis , Hessen , Germany | |
| Mountains | Büdinger forest | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 14 '56 " N , 9 ° 14' 19" E | |
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| particularities | Wind farm | |
The four spruces are one of the highest elevations in the Büdinger Forest with over 406 m (the nearby Hammelsberg is about ten meters higher). The part to the west of the elevation belongs to the district of the Gründau district of Gettenbach, the eastern part to the district of the core town of Wächtersbach. At the point of the highest elevation, several historical streets and paths meet (Gelnhäuser Straße, an old street from Gelnhausen to the north, Wirtheimer Pfaffenweg to the south and Rennstraße to the west). The paths are not accessible to public transport, they are only used as forest paths (logging, hunting and forest use ) and by hikers and cyclists.
location
The summit is about four kilometers east of Gettenbach and three kilometers west of Wächtersbach in the forest area of the southern Büdinger Forest between Breitenborn in the north and Gelnhausen in the south, which is not cut up by paths and power lines . The altitude of 406 m refers to the crossroads where there used to be a small refuge. A good 500 m further east are 410.8 m above sea level. Reached NHN .
history
The summit lies in the Büdinger Forest, an imperial fief of the old German Empire , which has been held by the counts and later princes of Ysenburg and Büdingen for over 500 years since the Middle Ages . Since the allodification by the then sovereign ( Carl Friedrich Fürst zu Isenburg ) of the Principality of Isenburg in 1812, they were owners of this forest area, which largely still existed within its historical limits. The summit is mainly known through legends about the better or worse of this noble house.
The four special lines of the house in Ysenburg and Büdingen
In the Thirty Years War the lines of the House of Ysenburg (spelling Isenburg with I only for Isenburg-Birstein) were extinct except for one. Count Wolfgang Ernst I of Isenburg-Büdingen in Birstein, Burgrave of Gelnhausen (1560–1633), had received the Büdinger Forest as an accessory to the imperial castle in Gelnhausen as an imperial fief ( ownership of it should not be given to the Büdinger until 1812); The forest was, so to speak, under the sovereignty of the old empire ( which perished in 1806) (the emperor - the forest had always been divided into four offices: upper and lower office, front and rear office, all of these offices were in the hands of the Ysenburgers ). Of his descendants, Wolfgang Ernst only remained two (Wolfgang Heinrich and Johann Ernst); they divided the county into the lines Ysenburg-Birstein and Ysenburg-Büdingen (as it is again since 1941).
The inheritance from 1687 and the parable of the four spruce trees
Maria Charlotte von Erbach (1631–1693), the widow of Count Johann Ernst I von Isenburg-Büdingen (1625–1673), had four sons (Johann Casimir, the eldest son, Ferdinand Max, the second son, Georg Albrecht and Karl August). The four of them sold their inheritance shares on July 23, 1687 ( Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen , Ysenburg and Büdingen in Marienborn , Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz and Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach). At the crossroads at almost the highest point in the Reichswald, four spruce trees were planted as a sign of the division of the estate . Later poets and writers put the words in the mouth of the mother of the counts (two of the four lines became princes much later): "They are green forever, that should be a sign: Your house should always be green and lasting!" At this time the mountain is said to be called Vier Spichten . In any case, that is what it was called in the cadastral records of the land survey , which were created later.
The spruce grew and flourished. Offspring were born in the four houses. But when the Marienborn spruce was so strong that two man's hands could just grasp it, she began to mourn and worry and her green shoot wilted: the Hereditary Prince (Karl Ernst) fell ill and died. The father himself put the ax on the tree. He beheaded the tip at a man's height and made the grave cross from it. Karl August Graf von Ysenburg-Büdingen, founder of the Ysenburg-Marienborn line, who had a castle built in Marienborn, in what is now the Büdinger district of Eckartshausen in 1673, in place of the old monastery buildings , moved his residence there; he died in 1725, the line was extinguished.
Three spruces are said to have stood there for the next 250 years and the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the Revolutionary War (1792–1797), the Napoleonic Wars (1797–1815) and the dissolution of the old empire (1806), the Principality of Isenburg (Rheinbund ) , a sovereign state in the Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1815), the allodification of the imperial fief (1812), the prince uprising of the Büdinger line (1840) and that of the Wächtersbacher line (1865). The lords of the Meerholz line, one of the smallest territories in the former old German Empire , remained as counts (not princes) .
The extinction of the special lines Meerholz and Büdingen between the world wars in the 20th century
After the First World War , another spruce is said to have withered. Count Gustav zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz noticed it on the occasion of a hunt. His wife Thekla is said to have reminded him of the old legend with tears in her eyes. A few years later the count died childless (1929). The special line in Meerholz was extinguished; the storm overturned the rotten spruce.
Two spruce trees were still standing, one on either side of the old street, one for the Wächtersbach special line (Friedrich Wilhelm Fürst zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach with hereditary prince Otto Friedrich) and one for the Büdinger special line (Carl Gustav Fürst zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen ). The spruce trees were so old that, from an economic point of view, they had to be "felled". Despite the old legend, they went there - new ones were planted. But they became nothing, they died.
The childless prince from Büdingen adopted his young Wächtersbach relative (1936), the last Büdinger died in 1941, and the Büdingen specialty line had also expired. From 1941 to 1990 Otto Friedrich Fürst zu Ysenburg and Büdingen (1904–1990) held the Büdinger Forest together. The four special lines have become one. - There should be another spruce on the four spruce trees, somewhere around there .
No family trees, but also old, interesting trees: Metasequoia glyptostroboides
At the four spruce trees at least 1,965 more baumkundlich interesting trees have stood, it was the first in 1944 in remote Chinese provinces ( Sichuan and Hubei ) "discovered" (or rather rediscovered and described for the first time) dawn redwood trees . In China, around 1,000 living specimens of these conifers ( Taxodium ) were discovered in the following years , which were previously only known as fossils . The first generation, the Metasequoia propagated from cuttings, is said to have come to Germany in 1952; Until now, sequoias were only known from areas on the Pacific coast of North America (there are the evergreen sequoia ( Sequoia sempervirens ) and the giant sequoia ( Sequiodendron giganteum ), which are often referred to as redwood in the USA ). However, they were not the first of their kind in the Vogelsberg or Spessart, in the Tertiary the species was also widespread here, as evidenced by the remains that were found in lignite deposits and as pebbles near the four spruce trees.
Art in the forest
On a spruce stump there has been a small boar since September 16, 1984 - a bronze sculpture by the artist Herbert Werner from Mittenaar - a gift from the descendants of Otto Friedrich Fürst zu Ysenburg and Büdingen on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
Forsthaus Dreiborn
At some point in the 19th century, a modest house is said to have stood in the middle of the forest less than half a kilometer from the Vier Fichten. In 1926 it was still in the address book of the Gelnhausen district (however, under the place Haitz and the manor district of Kaltenborn ). At that time the forest warden Christian Uffelmann lived there (without electricity and water supply); It was popularly known as Uffelmann's House , but today almost no one knows where it once stood.
Vier Fichten wind farm and Hammelsberg wind farm
In 2013-14, Renertec, based in Neuenschmidten ( Brachttal ), built a wind farm in the Four Spruce area. Were built twelve wind power plants of the type Vestas V112-3.0 MW with a hub height of up to 140 m, m a rotor diameter of 112, and a power rating of 3 per MW . Seven of them are in the districts of Wächtersbach, five in the Gründauer districts. According to the operator, the wind farm can supply around 70,000 people with clean, regenerative electricity on average every year. It is currently (2014) the most powerful wind farm in Hessen. 1,500 tons of concrete were used for the foundation of a wind turbine, so that a total of 18,000 tons of concrete should lie under the forest floor.
The company Renertec Windkraft Hammelsberg UG (limited liability), Neumühlstraße 24, 63636 Brachttal-Neuenschmidten is allowed to go to Hammelsberg (the highest point in the Büdinger Forest), which is located near the Vier Fichten, after the decision of October 30, 2019 from the regional council (RP) in Darmstadt members immission authorization five more wind turbines (WT) of the type Vestas V 150 to 5.6 MW with a total height of 241 m (a hub height of 166 m and a rotor diameter of 150 m) and a nominal power build each 5.6 MW and operate until December 31, 2049 ( time limit ). At the same time, the RP ordered the immediate execution of the approval, citing Section 80a (1) No. 1 in conjunction with Section 80 (2) No. 4 of the Administrative Court Code (VwGO), so that an appeal against the approval notice has no suspensive effect . The approval notification (the operative part of the notification, but without justification) was made public with a ruling dated November 5, 2019; the approval authority believes that the facility is environmentally friendly. Legal action has been taken against the order; Due to the oral hearing on June 15, 2020, the Frankfurt am Main Administrative Court revoked the Immission Control Approval of October 30, 2019, so that the construction and operation of the WKA is illegal (Frankfurt am Main Administrative Court - 8 K 3758/19 .F).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Text by Eduard Ellenberger: Memorandum on the replacement of authorizations in the Büdinger Walde. Büdingen 1876, p. 108
- ↑ Josef Stark (1892–1974) On the "Four Spruces" . In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1959 - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen - Gelnhausen 1958, p. 86 ff .; also as An den Vier Fichten - family history story about the imperial house of Ysenburg . In: Collections for the history of Wächtersbach 4.3.1.8, (8) 46: 1–3, 8th delivery (August 1987) No. 46 ISSN 0931-2641
- ↑ Josef Stark (1892–1974) On the "Four Spruces" . In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1959 - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen - Gelnhausen 1958, p. 87. A retelling of the parable by Josef Stark can be found at http://www.gudrun-kauck.eu/Waechtersbach-Ysenburger4Fichten.html
- ^ Norbert Breunig: Allodification of the Büdinger Forest of December 31, 1812 - A fake ?. In: Grindaha (Issue 29), Publications of the Geschichtsverein Gründau 2019, ISSN 2194-8631 , p. 10
- ↑ Adolf Seibig: redwoods in Kreis Gelnhausen . In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen - 1966, annual calendar for family and home in town and country between Vogelsberg and Spessart, published by District Administrator Kress / Gelnhausen, Gelnhausen 1965, p. 107 ff.
- ^ Editing of Gelnhäuser Tageblatt: Address book of the cities and towns in the Gelnhausen district 1926 , Gelnhausen, 1926
- ↑ http://www.renertec-gmbh.com/
- ^ Gelnhäuser Tageblatt of May 31, 2013: Start at the end of the year. Wind power project: Energy cooperative presents planning status for wind farm
- ↑ 15 trucks for a wind turbine - On the way with the delivery for a wind farm , Usinger Anzeiger from December 19, 2013; URL Archived copy ( Memento from March 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Hike to the four spruces , Kreis-Anzeiger (for the former Büdingen district) from November 8, 2013
- ↑ Where the giants live - four spruce trees: Construction of the twelve wind turbines requires a logistical masterpiece , Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) of December 21, 2013
- ↑ Clear the way for five new wind turbines - regional council approves project on Hammelsberg near Breitenborn In: Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung (GNZ) of November 5, 2019
- ↑ https://rp-darmstadt.hessen.de/sites/rp-darmstadt.hessen.de/files/%C3%96B_Renertec_Constantia_21a9BImSchV_2020_01_18_0.pdf
- ↑ https://www.uvp-verbund.de/freitextsuche?action=doSearch&q=Hammelsberg