Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen
coat of arms
Coat of arms of the Counts of (Ober-) Isenburg, from around 1800 to Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen
map
Map of the county of Oberisenburg (1790)
Alternative names Isenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen
Arose from Reign of Büdingen
Form of rule monarchy



Reich register 23 fl. 42½ xr .
Reichskreis Upper Rhine Empire Circle
District council Frankfurt am Main
Capitals / residences Büdingen
Dynasties Ysenburg-Büdingen
Denomination / Religions reformed
Language / n German ( Rhine Franconian )
surface 110 km²
Residents 7000
currency Gulden (Florin, fl.) And Kreuzer (xr.) , From 1871 Mark (Mk)
Incorporated into 1806 Principality of Isenburg , 1815 Austria , 1816 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1919 People's State of Hesse , 1945 to Greater Hesse, 1946 to Hesse


The county of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen was located in the southeastern Wetterau in the southeast of today's state of Hesse (mostly in the area of ​​the Wetteraukreis , the smaller part in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis ) and was a territory in the old German Empire from 1687 until it was mediatized in 1806 ; it belonged to the Upper Rhine District and was a (partial) county of Ysenburg-Büdingen (in the 19th and 20th centuries spelling of Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen ). The direct imperial counts that ruled this territory existed from 1687 to 1941 and belonged to the entire house of Ysenburg-Büdingen, whose three special lines were held by the counties of the same name (in addition to Büdingen, Meerholz and Wächtersbach - and before 1725, Marienborn ).

After 1806 - mediatized - all three (partial) counties belonged to the Rheinbund-Principality of Isenburg (until 1815), then to Austria for one year. After the division of the Isenburg lands (mid-1816) the county came to the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Hessen-Darmstadt); the Ysenburg-Büdinger counts were noblemen in the Grand Duchy of Hesse (from 1840 with the predicate prince ). 1941 went out the line, the last Büdinger Prince had his relatives from the Wächtersbacher line adopted so that the special lines had disappeared and since then only Ysenburg-Büdingen ( Ysenburg and Büdingen are).

Location and limits

The Büdinger part is roughly in the middle of the county, mostly north of the Gründau .

geography

scope

The size of the county was about 200 km² with about 6500 inhabitants and income of about 35,000 florins. After the Marienborner line was extinguished in 1725, the three remaining lines were exchanged in order to ensure that they all had roughly the same size territory. Büdingen-Büdingen received the Marienborn office and gave Michelau , Wolferborn and Ronneburg Castle to Büdingen-Wächtersbach. The Wächtersbachers had to cede the two villages Gettenbach and Haitz to Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz .

The northwestern part of the Büdingen Forest , which was outside the boundaries of the villages , also belonged to Büdingen . The farms there were also not part of the villages, but formed estate districts ( unincorporated areas ) until the 1920s .

Classification

The county was divided into offices , some of which in turn were divided into courts. The contemporary names for it vary. The courts and offices in turn combined some settlements. The distribution was as follows:

History of the Ysenburger

A Ysenburger, originally home to the Middle Rhine, and the Westerwald ( low-Isenburg , 1664 extinct), came through a marriage with the heiress of Büdingen in the southeastern Wetterau (upper-Isenburg). This new county of Ysenburg-Büdingen divided several times from the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 17th century.

The division of the country in 1687, the creation of the Büdinger Land and the special lines

The third main division (1684) resulted in the two houses Ysenburg-Büdingen-Birstein (from 1744 Principality of Isenburg and Büdingen) and Ysenburg-Büdingen. On July 23, 1687, the latter split into four special lines in a new recess (= comparison) . They all called themselves Ysenburg and Büdingen and each added the seat of their line (uniform spelling, however, only from the 19th century): Ysenburg-Büdingen in Büdingen , Ysenburg-Büdingen in Marienborn (extinct 1725), Ysenburg-Büdingen in Meerholz (extinct 1929) and Ysenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach (which took its seat in Büdingen in 1941; it was the only line that was left). The sub-counties were not only connected by consanguinity, but in particular also by house contracts (succession regulations) ( agnates ).

Imperial circles from approx. 1500, the Upper Rhine Imperial Circle (green)

Since the inheritance principle of primogeniture had not yet been introduced in Ysenburg, the territory was divided among the four sons of Maria Charlotte (1631–1693), widow of Johann Ernst von Ysenburg-Büdingen, guardian of her sons. The eldest son, Count Johann Casimir von Isenburg-Büdingen (1660–1693) received the castle , town and court of Büdingen and the surrounding villages, Ferdinand Maximilian, the second oldest son received the castle and town of Wächtersbach , Karl August received Marienborn, in today's Büdingen district of Eckartshausen with the surrounding villages and Georg Albrecht received Meerholz and the surrounding villages. Since the Ysenburg-Büdingen-Marienborn line soon became extinct, the (new) special lines Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen , Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz and Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach were subsequently added to the (older) main Isenburg-Birstein line .

Loss of independence in the new state of the Rhine Confederation

Büdingen Castle of the Counts of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen

Through the Rheinbund act 1806 Carl Prince zu Isenburg-Birstein (* 1766, † 1820, he ruled from 1803 to 1813 mostly with residence in Offenbach am Main ) was sovereign prince over all Isenburg lands (the Counts of Isenburg-Birstein were from the German king in 1744 and Emperor had been elevated to princes; but only in 1803 ( Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ) did Prince Carl receive a viril vote in the Imperial Princes' Council .) The special lines were mediated in the new Principality of Isenburg , the areas of the counties lost their previous quasi-independence and were now called districts. Under Prince Carl, the former imperial territory was transformed into a modern state largely based on the Napoleonic model.

Notable lord under the Elector and Grand Duke from 1816

By resolution of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Principality of Isenburg came to the Austrian Empire and in 1816 after a partition agreement (territorial settlement) with its area south of the Main to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , the area north of the Main (and that of the Ysenburg special lines and Büdingen) was divided between the Grand Duchy and the Electorate of Hesse . In the subsequent Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Electorate of Hesse, which belonged to the German Confederation , both the lines of the house in Birstein and the two special lines of Meerholz and Wächtersbach were registered lords in both states , as their territory lay within the territory of both states. This did not apply to Büdingen, the territory was completely within the state territory of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.

The counts of the special lines wrote their "Isenburg" almost consistently and especially after 1800 with "Y" (following on from the spelling customary in the Middle Ages).

Trivia

The rise and fall of the Ysenburg special lines is popularly portrayed in the parable of the four spruces .

Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdinger Counts

Chronological order of the ruling counts

  •  Maria Charlotte, widow of Johann Ernst I (1625–1673), 12 children, guardian of her four sons (also through Johann Casimir) from 1673 to 1691
    * March 24, 1631 in Erbach ; † June 8, 1693 in Meerholz (grave Schlosskirche Meerholz)
  •  Johann Casimir, ruled 1687–1693, (son of Johann Ernst I von Isenburg-Büdingen)
    * July 10, 1660 in Wächtersbach ; † September 23, 1693 Culemborg am Lek ( War of the Palatinate Succession , campaign in the Netherlands, grave in St. Mary's Church in Büdingen )
    ⚭ April 12, 1685; eight children with
    Sophie Elisabeth, daughter of Count zu Isenburg-Birstein,
    born February 24, 1664 in Offenbach; † September 3, 1693 in the Thiergarten estate near Büdingen (grave of Marienkirche in Büdingen)
  •  Johann Ernst II., Ruled 1693–1708, (grandson of Wolfgang Ernst I zu Isenburg and Büdingen, son of Wilhelm Emich Christoph zu Isenburg (1708–1741))
    * April 3, 1685 in Büdingen; † May 31, 1708 in Baden (from smallpox , grave in Büdingen);
    unmarried, no offspring.
Ernst Casimir Graf zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen
  •  Ernst Casimir I , ruled 1708–1749, (son of Johann Casimir zu Isenburg-Büdingen)
    * May 12, 1687 in Büdingen; † October 15, 1749 on the Christinenhof near Büdingen (grave of Marienkirche in Büdingen),
    edict of tolerance for the Moravians
    ⚭ August 8, 1708 in Gedern; seven children with
    Christina Eleonora, daughter of Count von Stolberg-Gedern
    * September 12, 1692 in Gedern ; † January 30, 1745 (grave in the Marienkirche in Büdingen)
  •  Gustav Friedrich, ruled 1749–1768, (son of Ernst Casimir I. zu Ysenburg and Büdingen)
    * August 7, 1715 in Gedern; † February 13, 1768 in Gedern (tomb Marienkirche in Büdingen),
    Königl. (Danish) Major General of the Infantry
    ⚭ 1) November 21, 1749 at Brahetrolleborg Castle ; six children with
    Dorothea Benedicte Fridericke, daughter of Count von Reventlow ,
    born October 13, 1734 in Brahetrolleborg Castle, Fåborg , Denmark; † December 20, 1766 in Büdingen. She died at the age of 32, within 12 days after the smallpox was ill .
    ⚭ 2) December 5, 1767 at Ilsenburg Castle near Wernigerode ;
    Auguste Friederike, daughter of Count Stolberg,
    born September 4, 1743 in Wernigerode; † January 9, 1783 in Erlangen .
  •  Ludwig Casimir, ruled 1768–1775, (son of Ernst Casimir I. zu Ysenburg and Büdingen)
    * August 25, 1710 in Büdingen; † December 15, 1775 in Büdingen (grave of Marienkirche in Büdingen),
    royal (Danish) major general and chamberlain , left the government in Büdingen to his younger brother Gustav Friedrich in 1749,
    ⚭ September 24, 1768 Christinenhof near Büdingen; no children
    Auguste Friederike, daughter of Count zu Stolberg-Wernigerode;
    * September 4, 1743 in Wernigerode; † January 9, 1783 in Erlangen.
  •  Ernst Casimir II, ruled 1775–1801, (grandson of Ernst Casimir I. zu Ysenburg and Büdingen, son of Ernst Dietrich zu Isenburg)
    1775 under guardianship, from June 4, 1779 independent,
    born February 25, 1757 in Büdingen; † February 25, 1801 in Büdingen (grave family cemetery in Büdingen),
    ⚭ July 25, 1779 Burgsteinfurt ; eight children
    Eleonore Augusta Amalia Sophie, daughter of Count Karl Paul Ernst von Bentheim-Steinfurt ;
    * April 26, 1754 in Burgsteinfurt; † February 18, 1827 family cemetery in Büdingen.

Landlords during the time of the German Confederation (1815–1866) and the German Empire (1871–1918)

  •  Ernst Casimir III. , ruled as count from 1801–1806 (under the tutelage of his mother until 1802),
    1806–1848 registrar (from April 9, 1840 Prince Ernst Casimir I), brigadier general in the Grand Duchy of Baden , member of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1820– 48, First President of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Hessen-Darmstadt) 1826/27, resignation in 1848 in favor of his son Ernst Casimir II,
    born January 20, 1781 in Büdingen; † December 1, 1852 in Büdingen (grave family cemetery in Büdingen),
    ⚭ May 10, 1804 Zwingenberg; six children with
    Ferdinande, daughter of Count zu Erbach-Schönberg,
    * July 23, 1784 in Zwingenberg; † September 24, 1848 in Büdingen.
  •  Ernst Casimir II. , Registrar 1848–1861, member of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1841–49 and 1856–61;
    * December 14, 1806 in Büdingen; † February 16, 1861 in Büdingen,
    ⚭ September 8, 1836 in Beerfelden ; five children with
    Thekla Adelheid Julie Luise, daughter of Count zu Erbach-Fürstenau,
    born March 9, 1815 Fürstenau; † March 13, 1874 Büdingen (grave family cemetery in Büdingen)
  •  Bruno Kasimir Albert Emil Ferdinand, civil registrar 1861 to 1906,
    born June 14, 1837 in Büdingen; † January 26, 1906 in Büdingen, Second President of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1878–89; First President of the First Chamber 1889–1900,
    ⚭ 1) July 31, 1862 in Lich ; two children with
    Mathilde, daughter of Prince Ferdinand zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich ,
    born December 12, 1842 in Lich; † September 11, 1867 Marienkirche in Büdingen;
    ⚭ 2) September 30, 1869 in Rüdenhausen ; eight children with
    Bertha Amalasunde Jenny Auguste Amalie Fanny Luise, daughter of Count Adolf zu Castell-Rüdenhausen ,
    born July 4, 1845 in Rüdenhausen; † July 5, 1927 at Büdingen Castle.
Marienkirche Büdingen
  •  Wolfgang , registrar 1906–1918, member of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1902–18; Head of the house 1918–1920,
    born March 30, 1877 Büdingen; † July 29, 1920 in Gößweinstein ;
    ⚭ September 20, 1901 in Sommerhausen , no children with
    Adelheid, daughter of Count von Rechteren-Limpurg- Speckfeld,
    * March 31, 1881 at Schloss Einersheim in Markt Einersheim ; † December 27, 1970 in Würzburg.

Bosses of the house

as before: *  Wolfgang , registrar 1906–1918, head of the house 1918–1920;

  •  Gustav Alfred, resignation on July 30, 1920,
    * December 31, 1841 in Büdingen; † May 3, 1922 in Büdingen (grave family cemetery in Büdingen),
    ⚭ July 17, 1867 in Rüdenhausen; three children with
    Luitgard Sophie Karolina Mathilde Auguste Johanna Natalie Julie Elise Klothilde Sylvanie, daughter of Count zu Castell-Rüdenhausen;
    * August 23, 1843 at Rüdenhausen Castle in Rüdenhausen ; † June 4, 1927 in Büdingen (grave family cemetery in Büdingen).
  •  Carl Gustav, head of the house 1920–1941,
    born September 11, 1875 Frankfurt am Main; † May 15, 1941 Büdingen;
    In 1936 he adopted Otto Friedrich zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach , who succeeded him,
    ⚭ September 16, 1920 at Schwalenberg Castle ; no children with
    Marie Elisabeth Bertha Jenny, daughter of Friedrich Karl Oskar Heinrich Graf zur Lippe-Biesterfeld ;
    * June 21, 1890 Obercassel ; † November 27, 1973 Büdingen;

Heads of the House of Ysenburg and Büdingen

  •  Otto Friedrich Viktor Ferdinand Maximilian Gustav Richard Bogislav (from the Wächtersbacher special line),
    born September 16, 1904 in Halberstadt ; † September 25, 1990 in Büdingen;
    adopted on September 17, 1936 by Carl Gustav (Büdinger special line),
    ⚭ September 3, 1935 in Stonsdorf ; five children with
    Felizitas Anna Eleonore Cecilie, daughter of Heinrich XXXIV Prince Reuss zu Köstritz and Sophie Renate Princess Reuss zu Köstritz
    * July 5, 1914 in Oels ; † June 25, 1989 in Giessen .
  •  Wolfgang Ernst Ferdinand Heinrich Franz Karl Georg Wilhelm;
    * June 20, 1936 in Frankfurt am Main;
    ⚭ (civil) January 27, 1967 in Haubenmühle, (religious) January 27, 1967 in Rodheim; three children with
    Leonille Elisabeth Victoria Barbara Margarete, daughter of Casimir-Johannes Ludwig Otto Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg ,
    born July 6, 1941 in Hamburg.

title

The "ruling" counts used this designation until 1806 and, during the time of the German Confederation (1815–1866), after a Bundestag resolution and the corresponding implementation under state law, the title Erlaucht . In the decrees, the government authorities of the Grand Duchy of Hesse were required to use the form of address to the counts of the landlord ... Erlauchtig Hochgebohrner Herr Graf and in the context of the expressions ... "Your Erlaucht" .

coat of arms

All Ysenburg and Isenburg houses bore the Ober-Isenburg coat of arms (two black crossbars on a silver background). Meerholz carried - apparently only for a short time - the Ysenburg coat of arms with a central shield for Limpurg-Gaildorf ; the sovereign Rheinbund principality of Isenburg (1806–1815) carried the Ysenburg coat of arms with a central shield with a golden lion on a blue background.

literature

  •  Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , keyword: Isenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen p. 313
  •  New collection of geographical-historical-statistical writings , fourth volume, geographic writings, fourth part: The geographical introduction and description of most of the countries in the Upper Rhine and Westphalian districts - the counties of Hesse and the countries belonging to them, Johann Georg Friedrich Jakobi, Weißenburg im Nordgau , 1786, pp. 239-251
  •  Gustav Simon : The history of the imperial house of Ysenburg and Büdingen, Volume 1, The history of the Ysenburg-Büdingen'schen Land , Brönner, Frankfurt, 1865
  •  Gustav Simon: The history of the imperial house Ysenburg and Büdingen, second volume: The Ysenburg and Büdingen'sche house history , Brönner, Frankfurt, 1865
  •  Gustav Simon: The history of the imperial house of Ysenburg and Büdingen, third volume: The Ysenburg and Büdingen'sche Urkundenbuch , Brönner, Frankfurt, 1865

Remarks

  1. Which communities belonged to which office can be found in the articles on the individual offices.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Daniel Albrecht Hoeck: Historical-statistical topography of the county of Oberisenburg , Jäger, Frankfurt am Main: 1790, p. 99.
  2. The new division of the country into district councils and district courts relating to June 5, 1823. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 20 of July 11, 1823, p. 231f, Zif. A 2); LAGIS : Historical local dictionary .
  3. Article 24, Paragraph 11 of the Rhine Federation Act
  4. Carl Walbrach: Loss of Sovereignty . In: Irene Fürstin von Isenburg in Birstein and Otto Friedrich Fürst zu Ysenburg and Büdingen in Büdingen (Hrsg.) Isenburg – Ysenburg 963–1963. On the thousand-year history of the sex , Kuwe-Verlag, Hanau 1963, pp. 65–70
  5. ^ Convention Territorial entre le Grand Duc de Hesse et Electeur de Hesse . - Signèe à Francfort sur Mein, le 29 Juin, 1816. British and Foreign State Papers 1815-1816, Volume 3, Compiled by the Librarian and Keeper of the Papers, Foreign Office, James Ridgway and Sons, Piccadilly, London 1838, pp. 812-819 ; also printed in Grindaha, issue 26, Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2016 ISSN  2194-8631 pp. 4–12 with a comment by Norbert Breunig
  6. For the spelling of the names of the various counts and princely houses, see Anton Calaminus : The introduction of the Reformation in the county of Ysenburg. In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies, Volume 9, Kassel 1862, pp. 1–57
  7. Josef Stark (1892–1974) On the "Four Spruces". In: Between Vogelsberg and Spessart - 1959 - Heimat-Jahrbuch des Kreis Gelnhausen - Gelnhausen 1958, p. 87. A retelling of the parable by Josef Stark can be found at http://www.gudrun-kauck.eu/Waechtersbach-Ysenburger4Fichten.html
  8. ^ Dagmar Reimers: The Ysenburg lines in the 18th century. In: ISENBURG – YSENBURG 963–1963 - On the thousand-year history of the sex, Kuwe-Verlag, Hanau, 1963 p. 60 f.
  9. Büdingen, December 21 . In: Reichspostreuter . January 1, 1767, p. 3 ( onb.ac.at ).
  10. Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the Edict, relating to the civil legal relationships in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1820 (No. 17), p. 127