Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Solms-Hohensolms-Lich | |
| coat of arms | |
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| Arose from | Solms-Lich, Solms-Hohensolms |
| Form of rule | County, from 1792 principality |
| Ruler / government |
Count , Prince from 1792
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| Reichskreis | Upper Rhine Empire Circle |
| Capitals / residences | Lich |
| Dynasties | Solms-Hohensolms-Lich |
| Denomination / Religions | Lutheran
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The Princely House of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich is part of the former imperial counts family association of Solms . The nobleman Marquardus de Sulmese , who is first mentioned in 1129 as a witness in the deed of foundation of the Schiffenberg monastery near Gießen, is considered to be his progenitor .
The sub- territories around Hohensolms and Lich , which were expanded through inheritances and acquisitions, fell as sub-counties one after the other to different branches of the family, which they ruled directly under the Empire. The county of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich was elevated to imperial principality in 1792 and mediatized in 1806 .
history
The Solmser in the early Middle Ages
The Solms house, located in the Central Hessian area, had been fortunate around Burgsolms in the Wetzlar area since around 1100 , where it can be traced back to 1129. The county of Solms was a pledge of the Holy Roman Empire and thus possessed imperial immediacy . In the entire Middle Ages , however, new lines that ruled partial territories often emerged within this county through inheritance, division of property and extinction.
To a significant expansion of Solms'schen possessions occurred from 1419 through shares in the so-called Münzenberger inheritance with which the territory by the newly acquired offices Butzbach , Lich and Hungen and float to Assenheim in the Wetterau and the Office Laubach towards the Vogelsberg extended could be.
The beginning of the Solms-Lich family
After the Solms-Burgsolms line died out around 1409, their possessions fell to the brothers Bernhard and Johann von Solms. They divided the inheritance as well as their own possessions in the years 1420 to 1436: Bernhard received the offices of Braunfels , Greifenstein and Hungen, and from then on held the title of Count of Solms-Braunfels, his brother Johann (1411-1457) received the offices of Lich , Laubach and Hohensolms - a fragmentation that seems quite illogical today, because with regard to the creation of compact territories, the division into Braunfels-Greifenstein-Hohensolms and Lich-Laubach-Hungen would have made more sense.
Johann von Solms thus became the first holder of the title Graf zu Solms-Lich . Due to his marriage to Elisabeth von Cronberg († 1438), the only daughter of the knight Frank von Cronberg, who was extremely wealthy for the time, the House of Solms-Lich soon inherited extensive possessions - the offices of Nieder-Wöllstadt and Rödelheim and other parts of the Munzenberg inheritance around Assenheim - to. Rödelheim temporarily became the headquarters. Other possessions, such as the Niederweisel office and parts of the Butzbach and Grüningen offices, were acquired in the following years, thus significantly expanding the area of influence.
The aegis of Philipp zu Solms-Lich
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With Count Philipp zu Solms-Lich (1468–1544), who served as a councilor to the emperors Maximilian I and Charles V , the house of Solms gained considerable influence on imperial politics. In this position, the count also strengthened his own sovereignty. Between 1506 and 1514 he also entered the service of the mighty Elector of Saxony and Luther's patron, Frederick the Wise , as a Real Privy Councilor . In 1520 he campaigned for Martin Luther with Franz von Sickingen to protect him from possible arrest. Sickingen promised this through Ulrich von Hutten . After the death of Frederick the Wise, Count Philipp entered the service of Landgrave Philip of Hesse . Although the Hessian landgrave converted to Protestantism, Philip remained faithful to the old faith for political reasons and was on the imperial side on the question of religion. Allegedly he confessed to the Reformation doctrine on his deathbed. Count Philipp was open to not only spiritual but also artistic current affairs. At his invitation, the painter Lucas Cranach the Elder also stayed alongside Luther . Ä. and Hans Döring , whom he hired as court painter, in Lich; these and Albrecht Dürer portrayed him, sometimes several times. In 1537 he acquired the rule Sonnewalde in Niederlausitz and in 1544 the castle and rule Alt-Pouch . He distinguished himself as a patron of art and architecture.
His sons divided the property of the House of Solms-Lich among themselves, with Reinhard I (1491–1562) taking over the offices of Lich and Hohensolms. His younger brother Otto (1496–1522) received the office of Laubach and the possessions of Sonnewalde and Pouch ; he became the founder of the Count's House of Solms-Laubach, which still exists today .
Philipp zu Solms-Lich, by Hans Döring, 1519
Philipp zu Solms-Lich, by Hans Döring, 1549
The house under Reinhard I and the introduction of the reformed faith
Count Philip's son Reinhard I (1491–1562) supported Emperor Charles V for life against the Protestant opposition to princes. He also worked as a military engineer , fortified the city of Lich and was brought in to build numerous state fortresses in southern Germany. Under his aegis, the county of Solms-Lich divided again in 1548, namely into the lines of Solms-Lich, Solms-Hohensolms and Solms-Laubach : his son Ernst I (1527–1590) received the possessions around Lich, his younger son Hermann Adolf (1545–1613) took over the possessions around Hohensolms and thus founded the Solms-Hohensolms line. The Laubacher and Niederlausitzer dominions received his nephew Friedrich Magnus I (1521–1561), who had married Countess Agnes von Wied († 1588) in 1545 . He became the founder of the Solms-Laubach line, which still exists today. As a friend of the reformer Melanchthon , he introduced the Reformation in Laubach in 1544 , as did his cousin Ernst I in Lich. He also carried out judicial, tax and educational reforms; Friedrich Magnus' successor was his son Johann Georg (1547–1600).
Thanks to its neutral position, the rule of Solms-Lich was largely spared from the Thirty Years' War . The Solms land law order of 1571 initiated by the House of Solms-Braunfels was also promulgated in Solms-Lich.
With the death of Count Hermann Adolf Moritz von Solms-Lich (1646-1718) his inheritance fell to his great-great-great-nephew Friedrich Wilhelm from the line Solms-Hohensolms (1682-1744), who from 1718 on the lines Solms-Hohensolms and Solms-Lich to this day existing line Solms-Hohensolms-Lich united.
The Count's House of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1718 to 1792)
After the death of Hermann Adolf Moritz zu Solms-Lich in 1718, Solms-Lich fell as an inheritance to his cousin Friedrich Wilhelm zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (born February 13, 1682 in Hohensolms, † January 17, 1744 ibid) due to lack of descendants . , the 13th of 19 children of Johann Ludwig Graf zu Solms-Hohensolms and Louise zu Dohna -Vianen . He united the lines Solms-Hohensolms and Solms-Lich to the line Solms-Hohensolms-Lich. Friedrich Wilhelm's son Carl Christian (* 1725 in Hohensolms, † March 22, 1803 in Lich) continued the combined lines and moved the residence from Hohensolms to Lich. The Principality of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich was largely spared in the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763, as well as in the Napoleonic Wars .
The Principality of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich until 1806
On July 14, 1792, Franz II , the last Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , raised Carl Christian as 1st Prince of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich to the rank of imperial prince. After his death in 1803, his son Karl Ludwig August took over the regency . In the same year, in the course of secularization , he was able to round off the property with the first benefices of the broken Cistercian monastery in Arnsburg . Disputes about further benefices of the monasteries Arnsburg and Altenberg between the houses of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, Solms-Braunfels and Solms-Rödelheim followed; they were only finally clarified before the Higher Appeal Court in Darmstadt in 1833 .
The years 1806 to 1918
With the Rhine Confederation Act , the Principality of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich lost its sovereignty in 1806 and was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt , but retained a number of special rights, including the continuation of official and patrimonial jurisdiction . Other privileges were given up in the wake of the 1848 revolution .
Karl Ludwig August's son, pendant liberalism studied lawyer Ludwig (1805-1880), was president of the first chamber of the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , Marshal of the provincial day of the Prussian Rhine province , Prussian State Council and member of the North German Confederation . His 1829 marriage with Princess Marie zu Isenburg-Büdingen (1808–1872) remained childless, so that his nephew Hermann Adolf (1838–1899) succeeded him in the dignity of prince. This was followed by his son Karl Ferdinand Wilhelm (1866–1920).
Since 1918
After Karl's death in 1920, his brother Reinhard Ludwig (1867–1951) became head of the house. His son Hermann Otto (1902–1940) fell in World War II , so that after Reinhard Ludwig's death in 1951, his grandson Philipp Reinhard succeeded him - initially baroness and mistress of Werthern-Beichlingen (1913–1987), who was born under the tutelage of his mother Gertrud . Philipp Reinhard zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1934–2015) married Agneta Hélène Marie Countess Fouché d'Otrante (* 1948) in 1970 . In the 1950s he sold Hohensolms Castle to the Evangelical Church of Hesse and Nassau (EKHN) , which expanded it into a youth castle . Lich Castle has been the residence of the Solms-Hohensolms-Lich line since 1765 . Philipp Reinhard's son, Carl Christian Prinz (or Prince) zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (* 1975), has been married to Christina Countess Douglas (* 1973) since 2008 . The couple has three children.
A number of the house's properties outside of Hesse were in the Soviet occupation zone after 1945 or on the territory of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 and were expropriated after 1945 . After the turnaround and German unification in 1990 , reimbursement negotiations took place. With a new acquisition, Philipp Reinhard built up another business in Schmogrow-Fehrow in Lower Lusatia in addition to his cattle breeding in Lich .
Family tree of the house of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
| Family tree of the house of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich | ||
| Surname | Marriage with | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Johann (1411-1457) | ⚭ 1429 Elisabeth von Cronberg (–1438) | |
| Kuno (1420-1477) | ⚭ 1457 Walpurg Wild and Rhine Countess (1440–1493) | |
| Philip (1468–1544) | ⚭ 1489 Adriana Countess of Hanau (1470–1524) | |
| Reinhard I. (1491-1562) | ⚭ 15 ?? Maria Countess of Sayn-Hachenburg (1505–1586) | |
| Ernst I. (1527-1590) | ⚭ 1557 Margarethe Countess of Solms-Braunfels (1541–1594) | |
| Reinhard II (1562–1596) | ||
| Georg Eberhard (1563–1602) | ⚭ 1595 Sabina Countess of Egmond (1562–1614) | Brother of Reinhard II. |
| Ernst II (1565-1619) | ⚭ 1596 Anna Countess von Mansfeld (1580–1620) | Brother of Reinhard II. |
| Otto Sebastian (1614-1632) | ||
| Ludwig Christoph (1618–1650) | ⚭ 1641 Amöna Amalia Countess von Wied (1618–1680) | Brother of Otto Sebastian |
| Hermann Adolf Moritz (1646-1718) | ⚭ 1675 Anna Maria Countess of Solms-Rödelheim (1660–1713) | |
| ancestors
by Friedrich Wilhelm |
Marriage with | Remarks |
| Hermann Adolf (1545-1613) | ⚭ 1589 Anna Sophia Countess von Mansfeld (1562–1601) | Brother of Ernst I. |
| Philipp Reinhard I (1593-1635) | ⚭ 1614 Elisabeth Countess von Wied (1593–1635) | |
| Philipp Reinhard II. (1615-1665) | ⚭ I. 1636 Anna Amalia Countess of Solms-Greifenstein (1617–1640)
⚭ II. 1642 Katharina Eleonora von Tschernembl (1622–1675) |
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| Ludwig (1646–1707) | ⚭ I. 1668 Luise Countess of Dohna (1646–1687)
⚭ II. 1691 Wilhelmine Countess of Leiningen-Dachsburg (1659–1733) |
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| Surname | Marriage with | Remarks |
| Friedrich Wilhelm (1682–1744) | ⚭ 1710 Wilhelmine Magdalene Countess of Isenburg-Birstein (1682–1749) |
Son of Ludwig
Reinhard's great-great-great-grandson |
| Carl Christian (1725-1803) | ⚭ 1759 Sophie Charlotte Countess of Dohna-Wartenberg (1740–1798) | |
| Karl Ludwig August (1762–1807) | ⚭ 1802 Henriette Sophie Countess of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1777-1851) | |
| Karl (1803-1824) | ||
| Ludwig (1805-1880) | ⚭ 1829 Princess Marie of Isenburg-Büdingen (1808–1872) | Brother of Karl |
| Hermann Adolf (1838–1899) | ⚭ 1865 Agnes Countess zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (1842–1904) |
Nephew of Karl and Ludwig
Parents:
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| Karl Ferdinand Wilhelm (1866–1920) | ⚭ 1894 Princess Emma of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1875–1956) | |
| Reinhard Ludwig (1867–1951) | ⚭ 1898 Marka Clara Rosa Countess zu Solms-Sonnewalde (1879–1965) | Brother of Karl Ferdinand Wilhelm |
| Hermann Otto (1902–1940) | ⚭ 1933 Gertrud Freiin and Mistress von Werthern-Beichlingen (1913–1987) | |
| Philipp Reinhard (1934-2015) | ⚭ 1974 Countess Marie Fouché d'Otrante (* 1948) | |
| Carl-Christian (* 1975) | ⚭ 2009 Christina Countess Douglas (* 1973) | |
| Louis Clemens Jamal (* 2008) | ||
See also list of the family members of the Solms family
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the House of Solms-Lich
The heart shield of the coat of arms shows the family coat of arms of the House of Solms, a left-facing, curly, blue lion on a yellow background sprinkled with upright blue shingles . The coats of arms of 1 Herrschaft Greifenstein , 2 Amt Munzenberg , 3a Herrschaft Wildenfels , 3b Herrschaft Sonnewalde , 4 Grafschaft Tecklenburg are assigned (from top left to bottom right) .
The coat of arms of the House of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
(See top of page.) - The heart shield of the coat of arms shows the family coat of arms of the House of Solms, the coats of arms of 1: Grafschaft Lingen , 2: Grafschaft Tecklenburg , 3: Herrschaft Rheda , 4a: Herrschaft Greifenstein are assigned (from top left to bottom right) , 4b: Reign of Wildenfels , 6a: Amt Munzenberg, 6b Reign of Sonnewalde , 7: Grafschaft Kriechingen , 8: Seigneurie Bacourt , 9: Reign of Pettingen .
Although still valid today a simplified, i. H. Coat of arms reduced to the core holdings.
The castle and the castle park in Lich
The Castle Lich in its present form was created from a 13th-century moated castle . It was rebuilt in its present form beginning in the 17th century, first in the Renaissance and then in the Baroque style . The so-called courtyard facade was designed in 1836, the tapestry hall in 1911. It is still the family seat today. The castle park is open to the public in the style of an English landscape park. In the courtyard is the monument to Prince Ludwig zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich.
The Princely Solms-Hohensolms-Lich archive
The manuscript archive goes back to the 13th century. It is considered to be one of the most valuable archives in Hesse from a cultural and historical point of view and comprises around 2000 documents and around 350 other bundles of the houses in Solms-Lich, Solms-Hohensolms and Solms-Hohensolms-Lich as well as the archives of the former Cistercian Abbey of Arnsburg Monastery.
Well-known members of the Solms-Hohensolms-Lich family
a) Solms-Lich line:
- Eberhard zu Solms-Lich (1530–1600), Landdrost of the Duchy of Westphalia
- Johann zu Solms (1464–1483), Knight of the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
- Philipp von Solms-Lich (1468–1544), Count of Solms zu Lich
b) Solms-Hohensolms-Lich line:
- Ferdinand zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1806–1876) , registrar, major general and member of parliament
- Dorothea Countess Razumovsky b. Princess zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1935–2014), publicist .
- Eleonore zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich , Grand Duchess of Hesse and near Rhine (1871–1937), last Grand Duchess of Hesse.
- Ferdinand zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1886–1918), officer.
- Friedrich Alexander zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1763-1830), Prussian major general and governor of the Berg general government
- Hermann zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1838–1899), politician .
- Hermann Otto Solms - actual Dr. Hermann Otto Prinz zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich - (* 1940), politician ( FDP ), from 1998 to 2013 Vice President of the German Bundestag.
- Karl zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1866–1920), hereditary member of the Prussian manor house and the First Chamber in the Grand Duchy of Hesse .
- Ludwig zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1805–1880), lawyer, president of the first chamber of the state estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , marshal of the provincial parliament of the Prussian Rhine Province , Prussian State Council and member of the North German Confederation .
- Wilhelm Solms - real Wilhelm Prince zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich - (* 1937), Germanist , professor for communication sciences and media didactics at the Philipps University of Marburg i. R.
literature
- Rudolph zu Solms-Laubach: History of the Count and Princely House of Solms . C. Adelmann, Frankfurt am Main 1865 ( digitized version [accessed on February 2, 2014]).
- Licher homeland book. On behalf of the city of Lich, edited by the committee for the Lich homeland book. Lich 1950.
- Licher homeland book. The core city and its districts. Edited by Paul Görlich, published by the Lich City Administration. 1989.
- Supplementary conversation lexicon . Volume 3. Leipzig 1847.
Web links
- Manuscript census
- Solms-Hohensolms-Lich Geneall.net database
- Main State Archives Hesse
- Archive of the princes of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich in the database of the Hesse cultural property
Notes and evidence
- ↑ The official name of all members of the House of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich has been Prince zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich or Princess zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich since 1919 . However, the head of the family is called to the public today after historical nobility legal traditionally Prince of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich , occasionally supplemented by more traditional titles of nobility of the family such as Count of Tecklenburg, Crichlingen and Lingen , his successor during his lifetime of his predecessor traditionally Prince Solms -Hohensolms-Lich .
- ↑ A good overview of the specific use of first-born titles can be found at: User: Stolp / Erstgeburtitel
- ↑ Obituary notice of Philipp Reinhard Fürst zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , August 1, 2015.
- ^ Obituary notice of Philipp Reinhard Fürst zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
- ↑ See also Lars Adler / Rainer Maaß: An aristocratic archive is moving. The archive of the princes of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich as a new part of the Hessian State Archive in Darmstadt . In: Archivnachrichten aus Hessen No. 19/1 (2019), pp. 42–44.
