Schiffenberg Monastery

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Aerial photo from 2011
Aerial photo from 2016
Aerial photo from 2016
View from the east: the basilica on the right, the shaft gate on the left

The Schiffenberg Monastery is a former monastery on Gießen's local mountain Schiffenberg (281 meters). It is located on the south-eastern edge of the Giessen city forest near the Petersweiher district and the Hausen district of Pohlheim . The double-choir, originally three-aisled pillar basilica with transept and octagonal crossing tower from the 12th century has largely been preserved. Due to its age and its architectural importance, it was awarded the rank of building of national importance in July 2012 . In summer the basilica and the courtyard are used for cultural events such as the Giessen cultural summer and church services.

Surname

The meaning of the name "Schiffenberg" is not certain. It is not clear what the first link means “ships”, nor is it clear whether the second link means “mountain” or “castle”. A total of at least six different interpretations of the name are represented. The oldest documents are "Skephenburc" (1129) and "Sefphenberch" (1139). In older research, the derivation from Old High German "sceffin (o)" and Middle High German "schepfe, scheffe" ( Schöffe ) is common. Accordingly, Schiffenberg means: castle / mountain of the lay judges. This seems historically consistent, as the seat of the lay judges was relocated in the 11th century. However, from 1148 names with I instead of E are common: "Schiffinburch" (1148), "Schiphenburch" (1145/1153), "Schiffenburg" (1265). This is contrary to the “lay judge” interpretation, since such an elevation from E to I cannot otherwise be proven. Etymologically more likely, therefore, is the derivation of “askew” (from Low German into Middle High German), alternatively also from Old High German “Siffo” (businessman).

history

Early history

Wall remains of a pre-monastery building in the "Eselsgarten"

Excavations unearthed prehistoric fragments of the Bandkeramischen culture (4000 BC) and the Michelsberg culture . An excavation north of the monastery complex shows early traces of settlement on the Schiffenberg, which go back to the late Bronze Age around 1000 BC. To be dated. In 1978, excavator cuts in the courtyard found a pit from the late urn field culture , which was a hillside settlement in the 8th century BC. Probably makes. For the time being, four vessels were reconstructed from the numerous shards.

Pre-monastic period

Reconstruction of the outline of the lime kiln

The "Skephenburc" is believed to have originated in the late 7th century. Ceramic finds date back to around 800 AD. The previous buildings, as well as the surrounding wall and the moats and gates discovered further east (in the area of ​​the tobogganing meadow) in the oldest parts date back to the Franconian period of the 7th-8th centuries. Century back. While the steeply sloping sides of the Schiffenberg to the south, north and west were protected by a surrounding wall in pre-monastic times, triple defensive ditches secured the east side, which rose only slightly. A gate tower in the east led into the Franconian complex. Its function is unclear, but as a stage courtyard it could have secured the streets passing by. A building on a rectangular floor plan (11 × 6 meters) was erected over the inner moat. The remains of the wall belong to a cellar and do not allow an exact dating.

The edge wall proven on the northern slope has probably enclosed the entire castle complex. From the 9th to 11th Century AD. In the area of ​​the gate garden ("Eselsgarten") wall remains of a rectangular, probably two-story structure (about 24 × 9 meters), which was divided into two rooms and 0.96 meters (= 3 Carolingian feet) thick walls exhibited. A staircase inside indicates a two-storey complex, the function of which is unknown. An extension was added to the east (5.10 meters in east-west, 7.75 meters in north-south). Adjacent a lime kiln was discovered, which was made of stacked stones, which had been covered with clay.

In the 10th century the Schiffenberg was owned by the Konradines and belonged to the county of Gleiberg . In 992 it was inherited by the Counts of Luxembourg .

monastery

Copy of the foundation charter from 1129 from the 14th century

In 1129 the area was donated to the Archdiocese of Trier by Countess Clementia von Gleiberg , the widow of Conrad I of Luxemburg , with the proviso that a monastery be built there. Archbishop Meginher von Falmagne consecrated the unfinished complex in the same year . The church was built from 1130 to 1150 in at least two phases and Maria consecrated. Ecclesiastically she belonged to the Archipresbyterat Wetzlar of the Archdiakonat St. Lubentius Dietkirchen in the Diocese of Trier . Shortly afterwards, Augustinian canons from the mother monastery in Springiersbach on the Moselle moved into the monastery. At the end of the 12th century, the church was enlarged by a vaulted west choir flanked by two round towers.

In 1239, a women's choir convent was first mentioned on the Schiffenberg, which had been headed by a female master since 1241 at the latest. In 1264 the women of the choir complained to a Giessen jury that the canons were not fulfilling their duties to them. The subsequent division of property between the two convents dragged on until 1323. Probably in the first half of the 1280s, the choir women built and moved into their own monastery at the foot of the mountain and called it "Cella". The first church in Cella had a Marian patronage, in 1317 it was demolished and the altars were transferred to a new building, which was consecrated to Saint Catherine .

From a fire that Cella fell victim to in 1334, except for the newly built church, it should not recover. Cella became more and more impoverished, so that in 1449 the four remaining choir women asked for incorporation into the Teutonic Order House on the Schiffenberg. Archbishop Jakob I of Trier sealed the end of the small monastery in 1450, of which only a few features of the soil can be seen today. In addition to these and other disputes between the canons, there were mismanagement and the own political goals of Archbishop Balduin von Trier , on the basis of which he closed the monastery in 1323 and entrusted it to the Teutonic Order .

German medal

Temporarily closed south side of the basilica (2017)

Within the Teutonic Order, the Schiffenberg monastery belonged to the Hessen Ballei . In 1323 it became the seat of a commander . From the following centuries legal disputes over the administration of the monastery and the associated possessions have come down to us again and again. Gut Neuhof in Leihgestern was founded at the beginning of the 13th century and was the monastery’s largest and most bearable single property . In the late Gothic period the transept and choir of the basilica were rebuilt and given a steeper roof. The three east apses were torn down and replaced by the existing rectangular apse. In 1516 a star vault was built into the east choir and transept.

Reformation and consequences

From 1526 onwards Philip I of Hesse introduced the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse. The numerous branches of the monastery were assigned to Lutheran parishes in 1532. Philip's attempt to secularize the monastery in 1543 failed. However, Philip put his official in charge of the administration of the monastery. Until 1561, Roman Catholic services were held there - presumably as the last place in Hesse . The Schiffenberg received a Lutheran pastor only in 1562, who lived there until 1582. The monastery gradually became a large manor, which was administered by senior officers as commendants, who entrusted the tasks of administrators. Between 1582 and 1838, the Schiffenberg was cared for by Steinbach, after which it was re-parish to Hausen .

The Schiffenberg belonged to the Office Hüttenberg , a condominium between the County of Nassau and the Landgraviate of Hesse , which from 1703 was the sole property of Hesse-Darmstadt . In 1803 the Landgraviate combined its areas north of the Main in the Principality of Upper Hesse (later: Province of Upper Hesse ), where the Schiffenberg was now also located. In 1806, the Landgraviate became the Grand Duchy of Hesse . This carried out an administrative reform in 1821, in which the Hüttenberg office was dissolved. The superordinate administration was now the district of Gießen , the competent court was the district court of Gießen .

In the post-Reformation period, the basilica was rebuilt in various ways. In 1561 the nave was separated by a wall and since then only the transept and choir have been used for worship. The inventory including the organ was sold in 1737. Between 1561 and 1751, the south aisle and the south facing cloister were demolished . In the post-Reformation period, the gallery was attached to the partition wall opposite the choir from 1561 and was installed in the north aisle in 1595. In 1690 the choir was given a wooden cross vault, which was also moved into the transept wing in 1737 after the southern vault collapsed in 1735. The north aisle was walled up and served as a wheelwright and fruit kiln . After the southern arcades were walled up, part of the central nave served as an orangery . In 1837 the remainder of the church was de-dedicated. The organ with five registers and the church stalls acquired in the middle of the 18th century were sold and the entire church was used as a barn and sheepfold.

Farm yard

The Schiffenberg as a dining hall : Partie Teutonia c / a Starkenburgia , winter semester 1855/56

When Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the Teutonic Order in the course of secularization in 1809 and distributed his possessions, the Schiffenberg became a royal Westphalian domain , then in 1813 an Electorate of Hesse . From 1837 the former monastery was leased to the noble Lyncker family. It started to become a popular destination for the people of Giessen and students. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Schiffenberg was one of the most important pubs for the Giessen student body. In 1885/86 the economic fixtures in the church were removed and older farm buildings that were directly attached to the church were demolished and new ones built, which in turn were laid down in 1972/73. The ruins were given their present form between 1902 and 1904. The semicircular east apse was found during excavations during these years.

Municipal ownership

In 1939, the Schiffenberg became part of the Gießen municipal district as part of a regional reform. In 1972 the lease with the Lyncker family ended and the city of Gießen acquired the Schiffenberg from the state of Hesse in order to develop it as a local recreation area. The building construction department under building director Hans-Werner Riebel carried out the renovation and expansion in cooperation with the lower monument protection authority. The farm buildings adjoining the south-eastern perimeter wall were demolished and a building in the inner courtyard was converted into a kiosk. From 1974 to 1977, the building was secured, renovated and converted in three construction phases, in which the city invested over 3.4 million DM. The former commandery has served as an inn since 1976 and the former horse stable as a gallery since 1992. Archaeological excavations were carried out between 1972 and 1981 as well as in 2014. The costs for a further renovation of the building chain from the commandery to the brewery in 2003/2004 amounted to 1.2 million euros, the renovation of the basilica in the years 2011 to 2015 to 3.3 million euros. In 2012 it was classified as a building of national importance . The cladding of the seven southern arcades with glass in 2018/2019 marks the end of the renovation work.

description

Floor plan of the basilica
Monastery church from the northeast
Nave of the basilica with a view of the wooden roof truss

On the north side of the large inner courtyard, which is lined with old trees, there is an east-facing Romanesque pillar basilica with a transept. It is the only building to survive from the monastery era. The church consists mainly of unplastered quarry stone masonry with corner blocks made of sandstone and little lung stone . Only the walls of the nave are plastered. Basalt was the main building material . The pillars and arcades have sandstone ashlar. The ashlar masonry of the west apse and the framing of the upper facade windows are made of Lungstein . In the arcades Zwickel is a stone alternating identify about Lung stone that has a plan change or modification in the western part. The narrow central nave (29.86 meters long, 5.79 meters wide) is illuminated by round-arched upper windows. The arcades rest on six square pillars with Attic bases and bulging battlement plates . The north aisle has a pent roof and small arched windows. The demolition of the south aisle created an open archway through which the main nave can be entered from the side along its entire length. The transept is 6.33 meters long in the north and 6.20 meters in the south. A special feature is the crossing tower , which changes from a square over slopes into an octagon and is covered by a 16-sided helmet. It has coupled, arched acoustic arcades and slender columns with cube capitals and fighters. In the course of a restoration of the basilica it was dendrochronologically proven that the roof structure of the nave dates from 1162 and that of the spire from 1142 and is therefore one of the oldest preserved roof structures in Germany. The triple bell in the Vierungsturm was lost over the centuries. In 1992 the 14th century Marienglocke was refilled. The western, semicircular apse (4.94 meters long), which takes up the entire width of the central nave, is structured by pilaster strips and illuminated by a single high-seated Romanesque window. The two accompanying round towers from the end of the 12th century are almost completely destroyed and were probably never completely built. Originally, all of the structures were flat-roofed. The star vault of the crossing from 1516 is the only vault of the entire eastern part that has been preserved. It rests on consoles, two of which are decorated with heads. The keystone is covered with a coat of arms. A donkey's head points to Commander Johann Riedesel von Bellersheim; the year 1516 is written in mirror writing. Two stone consoles of the wooden cross vault in the choir and transept arms also bear heads. A round-arched triumphal arch , the templates of which only begin at 1.80 meters due to the seating, opens the crossing to the central nave. The transept and east choir were shortened in the late Gothic period. Since then, the rectangular choir has been connected to the side aisles by inclined connecting passages behind the eastern crossing piers. The corridors emerge as cones from the corners of the wall. Compared to the crossing, the choir is three steps higher. A large pointed arch window has broken into all three gable sides of the eastern part. The eastern gable triangle is slated. The west portal in the north wing is walled up today. In 2014, the foundations of an eastern choir apse, the remains of a cloister wall and two graves carved into the rock were discovered. The building almost completely dispenses with architectural decoration and has an effect due to its simple monumentality and stylistic unity.

Early Gothic baptismal font and altar

Only a few parts of the furnishings have survived, including an early Gothic baptismal font from the 13th century made of basalt (0.70 meters high, 0.93 meters in diameter) with seven ogival double panels in the chancel. The simple block altar with a small reliquary niche is made of colored ashlar stones of different sizes and is covered by a protruding slab of lung stone (1.73 × 0.93 × 0.28 meters), which comes from a larger altar. A round-arched, barred sacrament niche has been preserved on the north side of the choir . The wooden, badly damaged, stately gallery in the west apse is colored in focus . It bears the inscription: “15 OTMAR VOИ GALEИ CVMMEИTVR ZVM SCHIFFEИBERG TEVSCHEИS ORDEИS AИИO DOMIИI 95”. An early Gothic stone "Madonna vom Schiffenberg" from 1322 was probably donated by Baldwin von Trier on the occasion of the handover of the monastery to the Teutonic Order for reasons of territorial policy. The original has been in the Hessian State Museum in Darmstadt since 1917/1918 . Two replicas of the torso were made in 1977, one has been in the wall niche in the south transept since 2018, and another in St. Boniface . A goblet in silver gilding from the 13th century is used today by the church in Hausen as a communion chalice. The pommel is decorated with medallions with the four evangelist symbols and the round base is decorated with a crucifix . A man's head with noble features made of white sandstone is embedded in the eastern outer wall of the choir, which may have been ascribed an apotropaic effect. But maybe Christ, the builder or the founder is represented. Some tombstones from the 14th to 17th centuries have been preserved. Century and some coats of arms of Commons of the Teutonic Order from the 18th century.

Commandery from the late Gothic period

Only a few of the monastery buildings in the south of the church have survived after being demolished in 1751. According to a square coat of arms on the north side, the commandery on the south side of the courtyard was built from 1493 to 1503. A plaque shows the full coat of arms of Nordeck zur Rabenau . The three-storey, late Gothic building on a rectangular floor plan is covered with a hipped, steep slate roof, which is equipped with small dormers. While the two lower floors are solidly bricked up, the upper floor consists of half-timbering. The half-timbered gable in the east originally had a bay window with a high crown. However, the small porches marked 1584 on the south side have been preserved. The northern half-timbered wall was later renewed. Remains of the drapery can still be seen from the old windows and the old pointed arched door . Today's rectangular windows have had lungstone walls instead of wooden walls since 1904. The baroque, prestigious north portal with red sandstone walls was built after 1700. Above the architrave in the blown triangular gable are four egg-shaped heraldic panels, the largest of which is that of Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg . Inside, the geometrically structured stucco ceiling from around 1600 has been preserved.

The two-storey "New Building" built shortly after 1700 is attached to the Commandery at an obtuse angle. It has a massive basement, half-timbered upper storey and a slated gable roof with dormers with a steep forehead to the west. The portal is identical to that of the commandery. Originally, the upper floor was only accessible via the Commandery. There was a dining room and two paneled guest rooms. In 1885/1886 a small half-timbered building in the style of historicism with a ground floor gazebo was built to the north as a connection to the provost house.

Provost office from 1463

In 1463 the elongated Propsteigebuilding was built on the west side of the square, the oldest parts of which can be traced back to the founding time of the monastery. The three-storey building on a rectangular floor plan has two massive, bricked-up basement storeys and a half-timbered upper storey between massive gable sides, which is covered by a high, slated gable roof . Of the four oriels, the three-sided masonry substructure of an eastern oriel ("Chörlein") still exists after a renovation between 1751 and 1754. The provost's apartment was on the first floor. The attached stone staircase dates from 1839 to 1841. As early as 1761 the building was used as a fruit store. The former provost house is accessed through a pointed arch portal from the time it was built. The coupled windows on the second floor were created in 1899/1900. To the north is the single-storey horse stable from 1716 and at right angles to it the brewery, which was attached to the donkey gate before 1761.

Draw well from 1715

The elaborately designed, baroque draw well made of red sandstone was created in 1715. It measures 16.25 meters in depth and another 7 meters of rubble. The eight-sided basin has two cartridge fields with the coat of arms of Commander Eugen von Dönhoff, who donated the fountain. The two Tuscan columns on pedestals have spherical attachments. A roller band bears the inscription: “EUG V. DÖNHOFF TORCZS Sr koengl. Mayest in Prussia probably bestalter GENERAL LIEUTENANT about DERO Infanteri Aō: 1715 “. The 5–6 meter high surrounding wall has been preserved and partly dates from the founding time of the monastery and is possibly partly even older. The round arched archway of the donkey gate dates from 1715 and was built in place of an earlier gatehouse. A coat of arms was added to the north in 1729. The round arched shaft gate in the east dates from 1630. To the east of the former commandery, a Romanesque archway with a warrior is embedded in the south wall, next to the church one of the few remains from the founding time. Access to the terrace was created in 1829.

literature

  • Manfred Blechschmidt: The excavations on the Schiffenberg . In: Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg e. V .: Festschrift 75 Years of the Schiffenberg Local History Association . Gießen, 2004, pp. 61–67, accessed on April 7, 2015 (PDF file; 1.3 MB).
  • Manfred Blechschmidt: The history of the Schiffenberg . In: Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg e. V .: Festschrift 75 Years of the Schiffenberg Local History Association . Gießen, 2004, pp. 7–10, accessed on April 7, 2015 (PDF file; 134 kB).
  • Manfred Blechschmidt: Urban archaeological research. In: Ludwig Brake, Heinrich Brinkmann (ed.): 800 years of Giessen history. 1197-1997. Brühlscher Verlag, Giessen 1997, ISBN 3-922300-55-3 , pp. 313-349.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , pp. 319–322.
  • Karl Friedrich Euler: Clementia - Countess of Gleiberg and founder of the Schiffenberg . Giessen 1978.
  • Karl Friedrich Euler: Giessen's local mountain. Essays on the prehistory and history of the Augustinian Canons Schiffenberg . Schmitz Verlag, Giessen 1985, ISBN 3-922272-14-2 .
  • Karl Friedrich Euler: The house on the mountain. The history of the Augustinian canons Schiffenberg (1129–1323) , special volume of the Upper Hessian History Association, Gießen 1984.
  • Felicitas Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. A contribution to Upper Rhine architecture. (Sources and research on Hessian history; 97). Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-88443-186-2 , pp. 173–176.
  • Roswitha Kaiser: New findings on the roof structure of the basilica on the Schiffenberg near Gießen . In: Monument Preservation and Cultural History 1/2013, p. 41 f.
  • Erwin Knauß: Schiffenberg and Gießen over the centuries. In: On the history of Giessen and its surroundings. Essays and speeches. Oberhessischer Geschichtsverein, Gießen 1987, pp. 245-257 ( online ).
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. University town of Giessen. (= Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany .) Publishing company Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1993, ISBN 3-528-06246-0 .
  • Magistrate of the city of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. The story of a mountain. Its settlements and its church. Chemoprint, Giessen 1979 ( excerpt , PDF file; 8 kB).
  • Antonio Sasso: Cella prope Schiffinburch. The history of the Augustinian women's choir "Cella" under Schiffenberg . In: Mitteilungen des Oberhessischer Geschichtsverein 101, 2016, pp. 03–63.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 358–392.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 170 f.

Web links

Commons : Kloster Schiffenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erhardt Goltze: Monument protection gives Schiffenberg basilica the status of a building of national importance . In: Gießener Anzeiger from July 4, 2012.
  2. ↑ Place names in Hessen: Schiffenberg ( memento from April 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 18, 2020.
  3. ↑ Euler: The Giessen local mountain. 1985, p. 46.
  4. ↑ Blechschmidt: The history of the Schiffenberg . P. 7, accessed on April 7, 2015 (PDF file; 134 kB).
  5. ↑ Schiffenberg .  Central Hessian field name book. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Retrieved April 18, 2020.
  6. ↑ vnder the mountains Schiffinburg. Hessian field names. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  7. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, p. 8.
  8. ↑ a b Blechschmidt: The urban archaeological research. 1997, p. 324.
  9. ↑ a b Blechschmidt: The urban archaeological research. 1997, p. 325.
  10. ↑ Blechschmidt: The excavations on the Schiffenberg . P. 64; accessed on April 18, 2020 (PDF file; 1.3 MB).
  11. ↑ a b c State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Subject entity Schiffenberg In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
  12. ^ Blechschmidt: The urban archaeological research. 1997, p. 326.
  13. ↑ a b Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 170.
  14. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 204.
  15. ^ Antonio Sasso: Cella prope Schiffinburch , p. 9; accessed on July 6, 2020.
  16. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, p. 25 f.
  17. ^ Antonio Sasso: Cella prope Schiffinburch , pp. 7-13; accessed on July 6, 2020.
  18. ^ Augustinian women choirs in the cell monastery (Schiffenberg), municipality of Gießen. Monasteries (as of June 30, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 6, 2020 .
  19. ^ Antonio Sasso: Cella prope Schiffinburch , pp. 25-28; accessed on July 6, 2020.
  20. ^ Antonio Sasso: Cella prope Schiffinburch , p. 3; accessed on July 6, 2020.
  21. ↑ Blechschmidt: The history of the Schiffenberg . P. 8, accessed on April 18, 2020 (PDF file; 134 kB).
  22. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 363.
  23. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, p. 173.
  24. ↑ Knauß: Schiffenberg and Gießen over the centuries. 1987, p. 254.
  25. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 364.
  26. ↑ Blechschmidt: The history of the Schiffenberg . P. 9, accessed on April 18, 2020 (PDF file; 134 kB).
  27. ^ Hausen, District of Giessen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 18, 2020 .
  28. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 16 , § 28 ( online at google books ).
  29. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt dated July 20, 1821, p. 407.
  30. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessian Government Gazette of July 20, 1821, p. 408.
  31. ↑ a b c d Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Hessen I. 2008, p. 321.
  32. ↑ a b Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 171.
  33. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. (=  Contributions to the music history of the Middle Rhine . Volume 29.2 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 2: M-Z . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 839 .
  34. ↑ a b Blechschmidt: The history of the Schiffenberg . P. 10, accessed on April 18, 2020 (PDF file; 134 kB).
  35. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, p. 89 f.
  36. ↑ Dagmar Klein: The city of Giessen takes over the Schiffenberg . In: Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg e. V .: Festschrift 75 Years of the Schiffenberg Local History Association . Giessen 2004, pp. 72, 74, accessed on May 13, 2016 (PDF file; 1.4 MB).
  37. ↑ Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung of May 11, 2018: Seven custom-made products for the Schiffenberg , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  38. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 369.
  39. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, pp. 174-175.
  40. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, p. 11.
  41. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, p. 174.
  42. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 380.
  43. ^ Kaiser: New findings on the roof structure. 2013, p. 41.
  44. ↑ Oberhessische Presse of November 6, 2014: Sensational find in the church entablature ; accessed on April 18, 2020. The roof structure of the Martinskirche (Dautphe) is older .
  45. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, p. 46.
  46. ↑ a b Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Hessen I. 2008, p. 320.
  47. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 374.
  48. ↑ Gießener Anzeiger from July 5, 2014: Schiffenberg: Two graves in the rock as well as evidence of the cloister and choir apse discovered during earthworks , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  49. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, pp. 45, 50.
  50. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 381.
  51. ↑ Verena Kessel: Balduin von Trier (1285-1354). Art, domination and spirituality in the Middle Ages. Kliomedia, Trier 2012, pp. 233-236.
  52. ↑ Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung of March 20, 2018: Madonna has returned , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  53. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 109.
  54. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 385.
  55. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 386.
  56. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 387.
  57. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 388.
  58. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 392.
  59. ↑ Magistrate of the City of Lahn (ed.): The Schiffenberg. 1979, p. 11.
  60. ↑ TORCZS means: Teutsch Ordens Ritter, Comtur zu Schiffenberg. Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 388.
  61. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Hessen I. 2008, p. 322.

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 19.3 "  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 17.9"  E