Gut Neuhof (loan yesterday)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Entrance with the former ice house and Neuhof 14-16

The Gut Neuhof is a former farm in the district of Leihgestern , a suburb of Linden in the district of Giessen . Built as a monastic foundation in the 13th century, it is one of the oldest Hessian court estates.

location

The property is located on a hill in the Großenlindener hill country approx. Three kilometers southeast of Leihgestern and northeast of Lang-Göns . The Ludwigshof, built around 1850, is 800 meters southeast of the Neuhof. Neuhof is surrounded by fields, orchards and a small wooded area. To the west below the estate, the Schafbach, a tributary of the Lückebach , flows northwards to Leihgestern. The homestead can be reached via the L3130.

history

Monastery courtyard

According to Goswin Freiherr von der Ropps essay The Neuhof on loan yesterday from 1894, the Neuhof was built in 1230. Kaminsky (2005) doubts the date, however, as Ropp does not give a source for his claim. Historical names are Nuehof (after 1285), Nuwin haben (1341), Nuwenhob (1343) and Nuwemhobe (1355).

Augustinians

In the early 13th century as the second courtyard of the Augustinian from Monastery Schiffenberg (donated in 1129) founded in Leihgestern, the Neuhof was built about 7 kilometers southwest of the monastery as a monastery courtyard. The farm was supposed to ensure that the harvest was brought in safely and quickly to the monastery's remote fields. In 1237 the monastery won a pasture dispute against loan yesterday, but committed itself to "that our monastery will forever provide services in the chapel in loan yesterday on three days of the week". The Neuhof is mentioned for the first time in the deed for the pasture dispute, and thus it was built between 1129 (founding of the monastery) and 1237 (deed). The closed property complex and the size of the Neuhof indicate that the estate was built on cleared land. The Neuhof was the largest and most bearable single property in the monastery. A lease document from 1307, which survived on the Neuhof before it went to the Giessen City Archives in 2001, concerns the Stiftshof in loan yesterday, not the Neuhof. The monastery yard was leased to the brothers Hermann and Konrad von Aldendorf. The lease period was twelve years.

German medal

Schiffenberg document forged after 1285

1323 took German Men the Landcommandery Marburg Deutschordensballei Hesse the convent Schiffenberg and its belongings of the Augustinern. They were able to keep and even increase the old goods and rights of the monastery. The new canons leased the estate several times, but not as a peasant inheritance, but mostly for six or twelve years under state settlement law. In 1356 the Mönchshof was leased yesterday to the farmers Hermann Strube (son of Hermann Allendorf) and Heinrich Stoppelbein. Among the German rulers, the dispute about the use of the communal loan stars of willow and forest pieces ( common land ) continued to smolder . The lend star farmers refused to let the tenants of the Neuhof use the land on which they collected firewood, felled construction timber and ground the pigs with acorns. Two “customers”, written down in documents, report on the disputes between the Teutonic Order and the farmers from yesterday's loan. In it, former rural settlements testify that they shared the common land during their lease. Since the conflict only calmed down for a short time, the German rulers tried to resolve the conflict on their own terms.

On January 2, 1356, a mediation decision was made at Gleiberg Castle under Count Johann von Nassau's bailiff Heinrich von Michelbach. The German rulers tried to prove their claims and referred to a document that is said to have been issued in 1235 by Count Palatine Wilhelm von Tübingen . The document, itself an arbitration award in favor of the Augustinians, was forged on the Schiffenberg after 1285 and foisted on Count Palatine Wilhelm. The German rulers managed to keep their special rights with her. In the legal dispute, the probably not literate loan star farmers had no good prospects. Heinrich von Michelbach and the lay judges (feudal people and castle men) decided that the German rulers freely own the Neuhof and do not owe anyone any service for this property. The privileges of the forged certificate were confirmed, so the landlords were allowed to start the grain harvest one day before the loan yesterday and guard the fields with a field guard. In addition, the Schiffenberger provost should have a say in all important loan star decisions, in particular the hall order, and be involved in all business in the place. The forged document is the oldest document in the Giessen City Archives that it was able to acquire in 2001. The document is one of a series of seven Schiffenberg forgeries with which the canons wanted to secure legal titles by backdating documents, which they probably never held or whose originals had been lost.

The historian Arthur Wyss recognized the document as a forgery in his Hessian document book in 1899 and writes about it:

"Also no. 1347 is a verdict of Count Wilhelm von Tübingen in favor of the Schiffenberg monastery, this time in a dispute with the community on loan yesterday. It is the work of the same forger, who only here has given his hand a simpler, coarser character; details clearly reveal the identity. The seal, which was hanging on a strand of dirty yellow thread, was enclosed with three pieces that had fallen off, including only one stamped; it is the same stamp as the one on no. 1346. The sealing formula and the witnesses except for three are taken from a real document, dated two years later, which also relates to loan yesterday (no. 1348), the three other witnesses from the real documents of Count Wilhelm from 1239 and 1245 (no. 1349 and 1351). I also add that the forger made the count on the already discussed forgery no. 1332, which was written long after 1235, and which Clementia, who was probably a hundred years old, calls his 'cara consanguinea', the piece seems to me to be sufficiently marked. - The fake that, as nr. 1346, which may have been made soon after 1285, will probably have achieved its purpose. The dispute with the community on loan yesterday came back to life later. The German gentlemen zu Schiffenberg, as the successors of the canons, also encountered the contradiction of the community when claiming the freedom of their old monastery goods on loan yesterday and both parties brought the matter before the Count of Nassau-Merenberg, who instructed his officer zu Gleiberg to decide the on January 2, 1356 in favor of the german gentlemen, after the letters and privileges they had presented - our forgeries no. 1332, 1346 and 1347 - had seen and read well. "

Plan of the battle near Grüningen in 1762, the Neuhof is shown in the lower center

In 1501 the Neuhof was 417  acres and generated a quarter of the total grain for Schiffenberg Abbey. In the late Middle Ages, the Schiffenberg maintained a large sheep farm for wool production. Most of the animals were kept on the Baumgartenhof and on the Neuhof.

In the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , the Reformation marked a turning point for the branches of the Catholic Teutonic Order in the Ballei. In 1543 the Protestant Landgrave Phillip had the German House in Marburg occupied and the property of the German rulers inventoried with the intention of secularizing the property, including on the Schiffenberg and in Neuhof. The tenant's house was inventoried in Neuhof, a house of the Schiffenberger Komtur for stays, cow and horse stables, grain and hay barns, a bakery, a mill by a pond ("Kollers moln") with miller, as well as three wooded areas, oak forest ( "Oberheck"), Rodwald and Hinterwald. However, the landgrave could not secularize the goods of the order after the emperor intervened in favor of the order.

In 1559, Emperor Ferdinand confirmed imperial fiefs awarded to the German Order (DO), a. a. also “to Schiffenberg and to Neuhof at Leihgestern (Leitgestern) with all their authorities, justice and affiliates. He forbids everyone to prevent the DO from this ratification, confirmation and award and sets a fine of 40 marks of soldered gold for violations, which falls half to the Reich Chamber and half to the DO. "

In 1664 there was a dispute between the pastor on loan and the Schiffenberg monastery. The Schiffenberg Commander Adolph Eitel von Nordeck zur Rabenau allowed the residents of Neuhof to dance a Sunday. The pastor on loan came to the Neuhof with church elders to prevent the dance because the permit violated the Hessian-Darmstadt church regulations. The pastor received the answer to his indictment with the Commander:

"That he was well aware that no edict extended further than to the subjects (Scil. Die Hessische), that he had enough Commenthur on his order's statutes, church order, and not subservient to the Hessian; Same & c. Everyone would be aware that pledging was to be taken and punished, at a registered court, his order alone had jurisdiction, and if he had found himself not a little revealed that the parish priest was subject to the court and order to behave its age-old justice, & c. "

In 1668 the Neuhof was leased to Johann Jakob for nine years by Commander Moritz von Nordeck zur Rabenau.

The battle near Grüningen in 1762 during the Seven Years' War took place in the immediate vicinity of the Neuhof.

The direct imperial status of the order, whose sovereign possessions were directly subordinate to the emperor, was the cause of disputes until the end of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The constitutional law teacher Johann Jacob Moser (1701–1785) lists processes between Hessen-Darmstadt and the Teutonic Order over Schiffenberg and Neuhof monastery because of "fruit storage forcibly blown open at Schiffenberg and Neuhof" or "fruits picked up at Schiffenberg and Neuhof" for the 1770s. .

Gut Neuhof was counted by the Landgraviate to the Hessian Office Hüttenberg . In 1803 the Landgraviate combined its areas north of the Main in the Principality of Upper Hesse (later: Province of Upper Hesse ), where Gut Neuhof was now also located, in 1806 the Landgraviate became the Grand Duchy of Hesse . This carried out an administrative reform in 1821, in which the Hüttenberg office was dissolved. The superordinate administration was now the district of Gießen , the competent court was the district court of Gießen .

Privately owned

Wappenstein at the horse pond fountain, inscription: "G Firnhaber Jordis von Eberstein 1845"

The estate was leased to farmers until the beginning of the 19th century. In the course of secularization , the Schiffenberg and its goods became a Hessian state domain as early as 1803 and went to the city of Gießen. Grand Duke Ludwig , whose land was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806 , bequeathed the estate to Georg Christian Rudolph Firnhaber von Eberstein , known as Jordis, (1797–1848), a deserving officer. Like his uncle Johann Conrad Firnhaber von Eberstein , he became a member of the Hessian state parliament. In 1826 Georg took over the title of nobility from his uncle and married Claudine von Brentano (1804–1876), a niece of Clemens Brentano , who led an active social life on the estate. After Firnhaber's death, Claudine married Freimund Johann von Arnim (1812–1863), a son of Bettina von Arnim , as a second marriage . The daughter of Bettina and Achim von Arnim , Maximiliane von Oriola (1818–1894), often spent her holidays on the estate and wrote in her diary in 1845: “We had a fun time with the Firn owners on the Neuhof. Here we also got to know the famous Professor Justus Liebig , who invited us to Giessen to visit his chemical laboratory, which seemed to me like a magic cave; he showed us a lot of amazing things, of which I understood very little. ”Here she recovered from the“ pitiful political conditions ”in 1850, she wrote“ Here in the quiet, distant peace I have recovered ”, and about the landowner Firnhaber “Our heads are always so full of great stories that we couldn't stop laughing when we were visiting Neuhof during the holidays”. In 1851 Herman Grimm stayed at the Neuhof and wrote to his mother Dorothea.

Georg von Firnhaber left the Firnhaber-von-Eberstein-Jordis Foundation in 1848 and u. a. 5000 guilders, which his wife should use for the benefit of the community on loan yesterday. Interest on the foundation capital should be used "to support needy residents of the community Leihgestern". Fifty guilders of the interest income were reserved for "food in cases of illness for the poor most in need and deserving of support". The rest of the income was earmarked for "supporting poorly resourced, well-reputed elderly people, male and female, married and unmarried residents of the community by donating money". The foundation's board of directors, made up of local dignitaries, was able to lend a further 6000 Reichsmarks to citizens at 5% interest. In 1881 the community borrowed 1,614.29 marks for the new school building at 4.5% interest.

In 1830 Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner, Grand Ducal Geometer, described the Grand Duchy of Hesse, including Neuhof: “Neuhof (district of Giessen) Hof; belongs to loan yesterday. Disputes took place in the construction of this courtyard in 1230. It belonged to the Teutsch Order Coming Schiffenberg. ”In 1844 Julius Eugen Schlossberger reported on a ram that gave milk to Gut Neuhof.

In 1878 the Ökonomierat Karl Müller acquired the estate, which was to remain in the family for over 100 years until his great-grandson Carl Wolter Waydelin. Karl Müller financially supported the toddler school on loan yesterday until the inflationary period and thus continued the social commitment of the company owner. At Christmas and for confirmation he supported needy families from loan yesterday with clothes and food.

In 1925, during drainage work on the meadow area at the Schafbach, discoveries were made that indicated early, intensive cattle breeding.

Up to 30 families worked and lived on the Neuhof until the Second World War. Since Gießen was conceived as a news center in the 1930s, anti-aircraft protection was increasingly built around Gießen during the Second World War. The III. Department of Flak Regiment 111, equipped with searchlights and listening devices, was also at Neuhof (the staff was stationed on the Schiffenberg). In 1946, shortly after the war, 22 displaced persons found employment on the Neuhof.

In 1948 Arnold Scheibe took over the "Department of Crop Production and Breeding Biology" at the Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research ( Erwin Baur Institute) at Neuhof as director. The German Weather Service operated test areas at the Neuhof. The 12th German Plowing Championships in 1970 took place at Gut Neuhof. The Turkologist Karl Klinghardt lived on Gut Neuhof.

In 1997 the Waydelin family of landowners took over a former agricultural production cooperative in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In 2000 the Neuhof estate was divided and the cultivated and wooded part was sold to the Victoria family, the 120 hectare agricultural area to Mr. Müllermeister (†) from Cologne.

architecture

Neuhof 12
Neuhof 14-16

Gut Neuhof as a whole with buildings no. 6–16, 20–24 and 32–38 is designated as a cultural monument for historical and artistic reasons. Buildings no. 12, 14 and 16 are particularly worthy of protection. The estate consists of numerous residential and utility buildings arranged in a four-sided courtyard . The buildings 6, 11, 13, 20, 22, 24, 32, 34, 36, 38 are located around the four-sided Hofgut on the street that surrounds the Hofgut to the south and east, but still belong to the whole. House No. 38 on the northeast side facing the open field was used at times by the Max Planck Institute and the University of Giessen.

House No. 12 with an adjoining barn with a passage divides the estate to a large extent and gives it a north and a south inner courtyard. The large, wide and long, half-timbered house, which lies roughly in an east-west direction, dates from the 18th century and has two storeys. It lies under a large half-hipped roof and is particularly characterized by the gable with a crooked roof on both sides of the eaves. The framework appears regularly constructive and undecorated. The windows are often grouped into groups of three. On the north side you enter the house via a centrally located door, the south side is accessed via a two-flight staircase with a wooden roof. There are cellar doors on both sides of the staircase.

The adjoining buildings No. 14 and No. 16 on the south side of the courtyard also date from the 18th century. However, the half-timbered houses were changed in the 19th century. The changes include the high hipped mansard roof, exposed parts of the framework, the shingling on the eaves side and the bay porch at the entrance and its shingling. House number 16. and the former ice house flank the entrance to the estate with gate posts on both sides.

An inscription distributed over four parts of the building in the beams on the north side of houses 14 and 16 provides information on the construction:

"DISEN BAV HAVE YOUR MERCY, THE MR COMMANDVER VND
GENERAL GW VON HARDENBERG DVRCH OF THE HIGH TEVTSCHEN R ORDER
ADMINISTRATOR MR BOTT ZV SCHIFFENBERG OF MASTER CHRISTOFF WALTER
TO HAVSEN IVI AVFFVHRN LASSEN IN DEN 9TH ANNO

Also worth preserving are the horse pond with coat of arms stone in the south inner courtyard, house no.10, the former kiln house (laundry room) by the fireplace, the numerous farm buildings, the goal post with a flat relief and a crown of pine cones at the entrance, as well as the trees with old oaks in the West.

  • Horse pond

  • Brennhaus (No. 10)

  • Farm buildings

  • Goalposts

  • Trees

To improve the water supply, Gut Neuhof, which had been supplied by the water house on loan yesterday , was given its own water house in 1950, about 300 meters northeast of the property.

Manor house, 1906

In 1952 a fire broke out on the estate and destroyed the manor house. Since then there has been a gap in the south-western side of the homestead. In 1955 an extinguishing water pond was completed.

literature

  • Johann Heinrich Feder : Historical-diplomatic instruction and thorough deduction of the high German order of knights (etc.) . 2nd edition, Gaß, Stadt am Hof ​​1753, pp. 25, 26, 28, 90, 93, 128, 172, 173, 181, 242.
  • JB Rady: History of the Schiffenberg and Cella Monasteries . In: Mitteilungen des Oberhessischer Geschichtsverein, NF 1, 1889, pp. 1-48, p. 28, p. 30.
  • Goswin Freiherr von der Ropp : The Neuhof on loan yesterday . In: Mitteilungen des Oberhessischen Geschichtsverein 5, 1894, pp. 148–150.
  • Arthur Wyss : Hessian document book. Section 1: Document book of the Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen: Bd. 2 .: from 1300 to 1359 . Hirzel, Leipzig 1884.
  • Arthur Wyss: Hessian document book. Section 1: Document book of the Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen: Bd. 3 .: from 1360 to 1399 . Hirzel, Leipzig 1899.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part without Arnsburg . Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, p. 208f.
  • Johannes Werner (Ed. And Editing): Maxe von Arnim. Daughter of Bettina / Countess Oriola, 1818-1894. A picture of life and time drawn from old sources. Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 1937
  • Wolfgang Müller: The old Hessen offices in the district of Giessen. History of their territorial development , writings of the Institute for Historical Regional Studies of Hesse and Nassau 19, Elwert, Marburg 1940.
  • Erich Karl Brückel: Loan yesterday. A home book for the 1150 anniversary of the community Leihgestern . Publishing house of the community Leihgestern, Leihgestern, 1955.
  • From monastery courtyard to large-scale operation . In: Gießener Allgemeine , June 11, 1955, p. 21.
  • Loaned yesterday in the splendor of its historic anniversary . In: Gießener Allgemeine, June 13, 1955.
  • Karl Friedrich Euler: The house on the mountain. The history of the Augustinian Canons Schiffenberg (1129–1323) . Special volume of the Upper Hessian History Association, 1984, pp. 42–43
  • Elke Seul: Old mills and farms in Central Hesse . Volume 1, Ferbersche Universitätsbuchhandlung, Giessen 1990, ISBN 978-3922730088 .
  • Xenia Pieper: In autumn, ducks are blown. Gut Neuhof near Leihgestern is one of the oldest farms in Hesse . In: Heimat im Bild (supplement to the Gießener Anzeiger), Biedenkopf 1991, no.18.
  • Katharina Schaal: The Teutonic Order House in Marburg during the Reformation. The attempt at secularization and the inventories from 1543 , studies and materials on constitutional and regional history 15, Elwert, Marburg 1996 ISBN 978-3770810727
  • Bettina von Arnim, Wolfgang Bunzel, Ulrike Landfester (both editors): Bettine von Arnim's correspondence with her sons . Volume 2, Wallstein Verlag, 1999, ISBN 9783892442400 .
  • Reinhard Kaufmann, Hans Heinrich Kaminsky: Exhibition "Schiffenberger Documents". The older Schiffenberg documents of "1235" and 1307 . In: Renate Becker: Festschrift 75 Years of the Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg . Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg, Gießen 2004, pp. 154–162.
  • Katharina Schaal: The Teutonic Order House Schiffenberg in the early modern period Living culture and everyday life between the Reformation and Napoleon . In: Renate Becker: Festschrift 75 Years of the Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg . Heimatvereinigung Schiffenberg, Gießen 2004, pp. 33–59.
  • Hans Heinrich Kaminsky: Loan yesterday in the early and high Middle Ages . In: Hans Joachim Häuser (Ed.): 1200 years loan yesterday. 805-2005. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Gießen 2005, ISBN 3-924145-42-3 , pp. 26–56.
  • Steffen Krieb: The village community in conflict with the Teutonic Order . In: Hans Joachim Häuser (Ed.): 1200 years loan yesterday. 805-2005. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Gießen 2005, ISBN 3-924145-42-3 , pp. 57-66
  • Steffen Krieb: “To the best of the community loan yesterday” Charitable foundations for the poor in the 19th century . In: Hans Joachim Häuser (Ed.): 1200 years loan yesterday. 805-2005. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Giessen 2005, ISBN 3-924145-42-3 , pp. 105-109
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ), Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , pp. 382–383.
  • (gpb): Where Bettina von Armin stayed, Gut Neuhof has an eventful history - the owner is charitable . In: Gießener Allgemeine, number 62, March 14, 2015, p. 50.
  • (gpb): Forgery of documents in 1285. When the loan yesterday was in a clinch with the Schiffenberg. Insights into Neuhof history . In: Gießener Allgemeine, number 68, March 21, 2015, p. 53.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ropps (1894), p. 148
  2. ↑ Kaminsky (2005), note 131, p. 53.
  3. ↑ "Neuhof on loan yesterday". Hessian field names. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  4. ↑ Wyss III, No. 1348, pp. 325f.
  5. ↑ Krieb (2004), p. 65
  6. ↑ Kaminsky (2005): p. 47
  7. ↑ Wyss (1899): 1412 The canons of Schiffenberg lease their farm on loan yesterday for twelve years. 1307 dec. 31 , p. 384
  8. ↑ Wyss II, No. 931, p. 620
  9. ↑ Wyss II, No. 732, p. 515; No. 733 pp. 515f
  10. ↑ Krieb (2005), pp. 61–62
  11. ↑ Wyss II, 1347. Count Wilhelm von Tübingen settles the disputes that arose when the Neuhof was founded between the monastery at Schiffenberg, which claimed certain rights for its court on loan yesterday, and this municipality in favor of the monastery. 1235 jul. 25. , p. 324
  12. ↑ Kaufmann, Kaminsky (2004), p. 156
  13. ↑ The oldest archive document is a forgery , June 1, 2008, Gießener Allgemeine
  14. ↑ Euler (1984): Schiffenberger Fälschungen des 13. Jahrhundert , pp. 1–2
  15. ↑ Wyss (1899): Treatise on the Schiffenbrger foundation documents and forgeries , Chapter 9, §27 The documents Pflazgrafs Wilhelm von Tübingen from 1229 and 1235 (numbers 1346 and 1347) and a document from Landgrave Heinrichs von Hessen from 1285 (number 1366) . , P. 449f. §2
  16. ↑ Schaal (2004), p. 36
  17. ↑ Schaal (2004), pp. 37-40
  18. ↑ Emperor Ferdinand (I.) confirmed at the request of Johann von Rehen (von Rahen), Landkomtur der Ballei Hessen, the DO, the Landkomtur der Ballei Hessen and the Komturen of the German houses Marburg, Griefstedt (Griffstat) and Schiffenberg following by Emperor Karl V. Reichslehen awarded to the predecessor of Rehens, Wolfgang Schutzbar called Milchling, (State Archive Baden-Württemberg, Department State Archive Ludwigsburg, B 272 a U 10, 4th July 1559) ( Certificate online  in the German Digital Library )
  19. ↑ Feder (1753), p. 172
  20. ↑ Krieb (2004), p. 65
  21. ^ Johann Jacob Moser: Additions to his new Teutschen Staatsrecht: in which, along with many unprinted, in part very important, documents and news, an adequate report is given of all the latest known Teutschen (general and special) state affairs , Volume 2, 1782, p. 682
  22. ^ L. Ewald: Contributions to regional studies . In: Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1862, p. 54.
  23. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt dated July 20, 1821, p. 407.
  24. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessian Government Gazette of July 20, 1821, p. 408.
  25. ^ Firnhaber von Eberstein called Jordis, Georg Christian Ludwig. Hessian biography (as of January 18, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 28, 2015 .
  26. ↑ List of descendants of Stephan Jordans , p. 13
  27. ↑ Werner (1937)
  28. ↑ Holger Ehrhardt (ed.): Brothers Grimm. Works and correspondence. Kassel edition. Letters / Volume 1: Correspondence between the Brothers Grimm and Herman Grimm (including the correspondence between Herman Grimm and Dorothea Grimm, née Wild) , Kassel Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-929633-63-9
  29. ↑ Krieb (2005), pp. 105-106
  30. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner: Nadelmühle-Neuhof , in: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse, Volume 3, Leske 1830, p. 178
  31. ↑ Julius Eugen Schlossberger: Analysis of the milk of a goat , in: Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, 1844, pp. 439–43 doi : 10.1002 / jlac.18440510313
  32. ↑ Annual Report of the Preservation of Monuments in the People's State of Hesse IVa, 1913–1928, Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1930, p. 51
  33. ^ World War I Moving pictures and radio promise invincibility , Allgemeine Zeitung, July 25, 2014
  34. ↑ Expulsion was the topic of the March monthly meeting ( memento from March 30, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
  35. ↑ Bernhard Brocke, Hubert Laitko: The Kaiser Wilhelm / Max Planck Society and its Institutes , Walter de Gruyter, 1996, ISBN 9783110802443 , p. 636
  36. ↑ X-rays change plants. Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research in the Service of Agriculture , Gießener Allgemeine, July 7, 1954, p. 3
  37. ↑ K. Heger: Determination of the potential evapotranspiration over different agricultural cultures , In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Volume 26 ( Memento from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), 1978, p. 26
  38. ↑ German plow championship won by Alfons Obermaier.
  39. ↑ Federal decision in the rural youth competitions .... , Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forests [multi-part work], part: 1970. On 22. u. September 23, 1970 in Hessen: Housekeeping competition on 22nd and 23rd September 23, 1970 in the agricultural school in Giessen; 12th federal decision in performance plowing on September 23, 1970 on the grounds of the Neuhof estate near Leihgestern, Giessen district, Bonn 1970
  40. ↑ List of participants in the Marburger Orientalistentag , news about affairs of the DM society, magazine of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, 1950, volume 100, p. 8
  41. ↑ WÖDA , history
  42. ↑ Water supply , historical water house in loan yesterday
  43. ↑ Huge material assets destroyed , Gießener Allgemeine, October 3, 1952, p. 3
  44. ↑ Fire brigade on loan ready for action , Gießener Allgemeine, February 10, 1955, p. 7

Web links

Commons : Neuhof (Leihgestern)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 31 '  N , 8 ° 41'  E