Extinguishing water pond
Fire water ponds , depending on size and style also extinguishing pond , fire pond , fire extinguishing pond or lake of fire called, come from a time in which there is no central water supply was. They served not only as a fire-fighting water reserve , but also as a service water reservoir, as far as the amount of water or the inflow allowed it.
history
Extinguishing water ponds were mostly created in settlements, farms or in their vicinity, so that earlier with a chain of buckets , later with pumps from the fire brigade, the water could be brought relatively easily to any point in the village. The ponds often did not have their own spring, but had to be filled. Ideally, however, the technique of pond construction was used when there was a small flowing body of water. A sufficient water level could not always be guaranteed from the rainwater ( sky ponds ) alone .
Keeping the water clean has always been just as important as reducing or eliminating the inevitable silting caused by the entry and deposition of sediments.
The ponds were often created in the center of the village on the Anger as a village pond, in cities also in connection with a park.
In the event of a fire, all of the local residents who were able to work had to rush to the scene of the fire with a full bucket and stand in double rows to the extinguishing water pond: "The bucket flew through the chain between hands." One row handed the filled extinguishing buckets to the syringe, the other returned the empty ones to the pond for filling. Refusal to obey the command, unauthorized removal from the scene of the fire or deliberate damage to the extinguishing equipment was punishable by severe physical punishment.
During the Second World War , fire ponds were also set up in the city center in squares or streets of sufficient width in order to be able to fall back on sufficient amounts of fire water in the event of bomb attacks despite destroyed water pipes. Most of these facilities were removed after the war.
If the extinguishing water supply was stored in a closed container, it is called an extinguishing water cistern .
The bet
In southern Germany, Switzerland and Flanders , the expression "bet" ( Wett, Weed or Flemish Wedde ), a word that originally referred to the horse pond, is known for the first time in Franconian and a little later also in the Alemannic language area . It is a derivation of betting , which means 'driving animals into the water', which in turn derives from wading ( betting literally means wading someone or something ). The construction of such fire extinguishing ponds was made compulsory for the communities in the Württemberg count period. Many street names indicate a (earlier) existence of a fire extinguishing pond (or a horse pond), e.g. B. At the bet, Wettbach, Wettebrunnen, Wettegasse, Wettegraben, Wettestraße .
At the Markgröninger Wetteplatz, the flood plastered in the Middle Ages is still preserved. The bet , which is about twelve by five meters in size , was spanned by a vault in the 19th century and provided with an enclosed staircase. From then on it was only used as an extinguishing water reservoir and well with a handle pump (see picture).
New plants
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Because of their recreational value - less than an extinguishing agent supply - in many places former extinguishing water ponds such as the Feuersee in Stuttgart-West are preserved to this day.
In the more recent past, after the fire in the Lüneburg Heath in 1975 in Lower Saxony, extinguishing ponds were created in areas at risk of forest fires without adequate water supply. Large or fire-endangered (e.g. wood processing) companies sometimes have their own extinguishing water supply in the form of extinguishing water ponds. Even private properties outside of a local area and without a connection to the public water supply sometimes have a fire water pond. A possibly existing cooling pond or swimming pool can also serve as a fire fighting pond.
standardization
In Germany, extinguishing water ponds can be standardized according to DIN 14210 and are among the exhaustive extinguishing water points .
Extinguishing water ponds according to (DIN 14210):
- artificially designed
- fortified water intake point
- paved driveway
- Capacity at least 1,000 m³
- Enclosure (fence or similar) at least 1.25 m high
- Extraction via suction pipe or suction shaft
- the shape of the pond is arbitrary (can also be created as an ornamental pond)
Filling:
- just clean water
- Rainwater only via sand trap
- no flowing water
- Connection to other bodies of water via a channel with a sand trap and protective grille
- from water pipes: Entry only through the atmosphere with overflow protection
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz-Josef Sehr : The fire extinguishing system in Obertiefenbach from earlier times . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 1994 . The district committee of the Limburg-Weilburg district, Limburg-Weilburg 1993, p. 151-153 .
- ^ Friedrich Kluge : Etymological dictionary of the German language . De Gruyter, Berlin 1960, p. 844.