et cetera

The Latin expression et cetera ( abbreviation etc. ) is used to abbreviate a list and literally means “and the rest of [things]”.

use

From Latin et cetera has passed into several European languages. Usually the abbreviation etc. is used. Prior etc. or et cetera in English no will point set because the et one and equal.

In medieval and early modern manuscripts, etcetera (or an abbreviation similar to etc. , consisting of a Tironic note for et and in a loop ligature without a space attached c and above cc-a ) is usually used to mark the end of a text section.

The reinforcement etc. pp. consists of etc. and pp. which itself is an abbreviation for perge, perge (“go on, go on”).

The repetition etc. etc. has an increasing effect. Such repetitions can be found in titles of rulers , for example , when the complete list of all titles (large titles) would be very long, for example: Wilhelm, by God's grace King of Prussia etc. etc. etc.

Historical writing variants

The abbreviation point after etc. and after other abbreviations is a newer orthographic convention.

Instead of etc. , & c. written. The first character of this form is the ampersand .

The form ⁊ c also appears in manuscripts and Fraktur prints . on. The first character of this form is a Tironic Et , whose glyph in printing types of the 18th and 19th centuries regularly corresponds to that of the round r .

& c on an English coin from 1658
The two variants
in comparison
⁊ c. in the old Schwabacher
Double ⁊ c. at the end of a list of titles, 1768

Comparable

et alii (abbreviation et al. ) - and others
et sequens (abbreviation et seq. ) - and following / following / following
et sequentes (abbreviation et seqq. ) - and several following ones with a doubled q to indicate the plural

and so on (abbreviation , etc. )

and others, and others (abbreviation, etc. )

and the like, and the like (abbreviation u. the like. , u. the like. m. )

and so on and so on (abbreviation , etc., etc. )

... ( ellipses )

Web links

Wiktionary: etc. - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wiktionary: etc. pp. - Explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wiktionary: et al. - Explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wiktionary: etc. - Explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b et cetera | Spelling, meaning, definition, origin. In: Duden Online. Retrieved March 9, 2019 .
↑ Gundolf Keil: "blutken - bloedekijn". Notes on the etiology of the hyposphagma genesis in the 'Pommersfeld Silesian Eye Booklet' (1st third of the 15th century). With an overview of the ophthalmological texts of the German Middle Ages. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013, pp. 7–175, here: p. 92, note 728.

[duden-1] et cetera | Spelling, meaning, definition, origin. In: Duden Online. Retrieved March 9, 2019 .

[2] Gundolf Keil: "blutken - bloedekijn". Notes on the etiology of the hyposphagma genesis in the 'Pommersfeld Silesian Eye Booklet' (1st third of the 15th century). With an overview of the ophthalmological texts of the German Middle Ages. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013, pp. 7–175, here: p. 92, note 728.