Johann Georg Heinrich pen

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Johann Georg Heinrich Feder, painting by Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Younger , around 1772, Gleimhaus Halberstadt

Johann Georg Heinrich Feder (born May 15, 1740 in Schornweisach , † May 22, 1821 in Hanover ) was a German philosopher , librarian and headmaster .

Life

Johann Georg Heinrich Feder came from a pastor's family that had been active for several centuries. One of his ancestors was Johannes Feder († 1617), who signed the Book of Concord in 1577 . Georg Feder was the son of pastor Martin Heinrich Feder (1693–1749), son of pastor Johann Heinrich Feder, and an unnamed mother (1704–1760), daughter of superintendent Christian Philipp Leutwein.

Feder studied theology and pedagogy in Erlangen and heard lectures from Simon Gabriel Suckow . From 1768 to 1782 he was professor of philosophy at the University of Göttingen .

Feder as councilor and professor of philosophy in Göttingen;
Drawing and etching in dot stitch style by Ernst Ludwig Riepenhausen after a pastel painting by Franz Adam Graf Wratislaw , around 1790

His writings were widely read in their day because of their clear and tasteful presentation. He resolutely opposed Kant 's idealism . He became known for his modification of Christian Garve 's Critique to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason . "Feder emphasizes the fundamental importance of psychology for philosophy, which he essentially considers from a purely practical and empirical point of view" ( Ziegenfuss ). As a philosopher, Feder belonged to the better of the eclectics who leaned towards the Leibniz - Christian Wolff school , who strove to make the philosophy useful for the dissemination of the Enlightenment , especially for the promotion of non-profit psychological knowledge and the culture of aesthetic and historical judgment. From 1788 to 1791, the Enlightenmentist, together with Christian Meiners, published the journal "Philosophische Bibliothek", in which several articles by him appeared.

Feder was a member of the Masonic Lodge Auguste to the three flames in Göttingen since 1782 .

After his controversy with Immanuel Kant, which was detrimental to his scientific reputation , Feder left Göttingen and became head of the Royal Page Institute Georgianum in Hanover in 1797 (until its dissolution in 1811) and of the Royal Library (today: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library ) in Hanover in 1802 and director of the Hanoverian court school . In 1808 he was elected a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and, in 1816, of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

In recognition of his services, Feder was awarded the title of Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelph Order , a member of the Göttingen Societät der Wissenschaften , received the title of Privy Councilor of Justice and, in 1820, the title of Dr. jur. awarded.

Feder was married twice. In the year of his death, the Hannoversche address book recorded the house Calenberger Straße 227 for the year 1821 as the residence of the only representative or head of the household of his name in Hanover at the time.

Feder's autobiography was published in Darmstadt in 1825 , edited by his son Karl August Ludwig Feder , director of the court library there.

Works

  • Outline of the philosophical sciences together with the history necessary for the use of its audience . Johann Carl Findeisen, Coburg 1767, 2nd edition Koburg 1769
  • Practical Philosophy Textbook . 4th edition Dieterich, Göttingen 1776 ( digitized version )
  • Studies of the human will . 2nd edition, Lemgo 1785–1792, 4 vols.
  • About space and causality . 1787
  • Feders life, nature and principles . Autobiography, ed. by Karl August Ludwig Feder. Leipzig 1825; Digitized version of the Austrian National Library

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Heinrich Feder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Klaus Mlynek : Feder, Johann Georg Heinrich , in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 115
  2. ↑ a b Kurt Müller:  Feder, Johann Georg Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 41 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Peter Mortzfeld: Leutwein, Christian Philipp in the database The Portrait Collection of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel in the version of October 17, 2007, last accessed on June 18, 2020
  4. ↑ a b c Arthur Richter:  Feder, Johann Georg Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 595-597.
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 79.
  6. ^ Hannoversches Adreß-Buch for the year 1821 , Section II: Alphabetical list of the local residents with comments on their business, the streets in which they live and the house number , p. 39; Digitized version of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library via the German Research Foundation

This article is based on a text in the public domain from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 4th edition from 1888 to 1890.

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personal data
SURNAME Feder, Johann Georg Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH May 15, 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Schornweisach
DATE OF DEATH May 22, 1821
Place of death Hanover