Jakob I of Sierck

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Coat of arms of the von Sierck family, continued today as the coat of arms of the municipality of Sierck-les-Bains
The castle Malbrouck , also called Castle Meinberg, Jacob's father had built from the 1419th Here Jakob von Sierck received his ordination as archbishop in 1439
Coat of arms of Archbishop Jakob I von Sierck on the house of the former winery in Münstermaifeld

Jakob von Sierck , fr. Jacques de Sierck , (around 1398 in * Sierck ; † 28. May 1456 in Pfalzel ) than James I of 1439 until his death in 1456 Archbishop and Elector of Trier and since 1441 Chancellor Emperor Frederick III.

Life

Jakob von Sierck came from the old knight family von Sierck , named after the ancestral castle Sierck above the Moselle town Sierck (French: Sierck-les-Bains ) in Lorraine near the German- Luxembourg border, which has belonged to France since 1661 ( Treaty of Vincennes ) . His father was the knight Arnold von Sierck. The family's coat of arms shows a red diagonal right bar in gold, topped with three silver scallops .

Jacob was an intelligent, very hardworking, ambitious person with what it takes to be a statesman and made useful relationships early on. Admitted to the Trier cathedral chapter as domicellar (candidate for canonical positions) around 1414 , he also held the same office in Metz . In Heidelberg , Florence and Rome he studied canon law from 1415 to 1418 , became cathedral capitular in 1418 and in 1423 cathedral choirmaster in Trier . After his ordination as archbishop on August 30, 1439 in the chapel of Malbrouck Castle, which belongs to his family , he inherited a difficult legacy. As early as 1430 he had been elected archbishop by the Trier cathedral chapter against the Cologne cathedral dean Ulrich von Manderscheid , but gave precedence to Raban von Helmstatt , Bishop of Speyer , appointed by Pope Martin V because of the unclear electoral relationships (double election) , in return for a fee. After his resignation, he supported the election in 1439 ( confirmed by Pope Eugene IV on May 19, 1439 ).

The years between the two elections weighed heavily on the archbishopric, solely due to the Manderscheid feud (1432–1436) triggered by the outcome of the election against Ulrich von Manderscheid . The archbishopric was heavily indebted, practically bankrupt. By raising taxes for the clergy, he managed to stabilize the finances somewhat. In 1441 he issued reform statutes (appointment as Reich Chancellor ) for the Trier collegiate monasteries St. Simeon and St. Paulin , in 1451 for St. Castor in Koblenz and his own cathedral chapter in Trier , and in 1450 he asked Pope Nicholas V for permission to reform the Franciscan monasteries of his diocese . He promoted the pilgrimage to Our Lady of Klausen , which began in the 1440s, and founded the regular canon monastery there . He had already considered founding a university in Trier and received confirmation from the Pope in 1455, but was unable to implement the plan for financial reasons, so it did not take place until 1473. He had a tremendous zeal for work and took a strong part in imperial and ecclesiastical politics ( Council of Basel ), which made him support the last antipope Felix V in the politics of the papal election , which is why he was removed from office for one year by Pope Eugene IV became, which in fact had no effect - there was no opposing archbishop. After long negotiations, he was reinstated in his office by Pope Nicholas V on September 9, 1447.

Jacob von Sierck was the spokesman for a group of German princes in the 1450s, including the Palatinate Elector Friedrich the Victorious , who tried to reform church policy and government relations in the empire and thus opposed the Habsburg King or Emperor Friedrich III. stood.

After a long illness, which sparked rumors of intentional poisoning, Sierck died on May 28, 1456 in Pfalzel near Trier and was buried in the choir of the Trier Church of Our Lady at his request . His grave introduced the type of double-decker grave with Transi in Germany and is one of the outstanding works of sculpture in Germany of these years. The grave was forgotten due to renovations and was only partially found again in 1949. The sarcophagus slab that is only preserved today is the first dated work (1462) by the important and later artistically influential Dutch sculptor Nikolaus Gerhaert van Leyden (Nikolaus Gerhart von Leyden, † 1473). It is unclear whether it was commissioned by Sierck himself, but in view of the extraordinary artistic individuality of the execution, it is likely.

meaning

Jakob von Sierck is addressed in recent research as a decidedly “modern” personality who played an important role in the early efforts to reform the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation : “Jakob von Sierck was a decidedly“ modern ”man Point of the ore pen, which has many characteristics of an early modern statesman. [...] A dynamic and intellectual superiority that was alien to the more staid climes of the Moselle region, at least completely unfamiliar, accompanied his actions, which were ultimately subordinate to two major goals: Reconsolidation of the monastery, which was practically ruined by the Manderscheid feud, and expansion of the electoral position of the Reich Association in order to be able to move from a destructive Reich policy of mutual blocking to a constructive policy in which the Electors set the tone. "

literature

  • Ignaz Miller: Jakob von Sierck: 1398/99 - 1456 self-published by the Society for Middle Rhine Church History , Mainz 1983 online edition dilibri Rhineland-Palatinate
  • Ignaz Miller: The Archbishop of Trier Jakob v. Sierck and his imperial politics . In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter (RhVjBll). Volume 48, 1984, pp. 86-101.
  • Bernhard final ruling :  Jakob I, Elector of Trier . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 546-548.
  • Helmut Weigel: Emperor, Elector and Lawyer. Friedrich III., Archbishop Jakob von Trier and Dr. John of Lysura in the prelude to the Regensburg Diet of April 1454 . In: From Diets of the 15th and 16th centuries . Göttingen 1958, pp. 80-115.
  • Jules Florange: Histoire des seigneurs et comtes de Sirk en Lorraine . Paris 1895, pp. 105-130; Reprinted in 2002, ISBN 2-84373-235-2 .
  • Adam Goerz: Regests of the Archbishops of Trier from Hetti to Johann II. 814–1503 . 1st Dept., 1859, pp. 171-204.
  • Friedrich Grimme: The Archbishop of Trier Jakob v. Sierck and his relationship with the Metz Church. In: Yearbook of the Society for Lorraine History and Antiquity . Trier, 1909, Volume 21, pp. 108-131.
  • Rudolf Holbach : Jakob von Sierck, Archbishop of Trier . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , column 289 f.
  • Johann Christian Lager: Jakob v. Sierck, Archbishop and Elector of Trier. In: Trierisches Archiv. Volume 2, pp. 1-40, 1899; Volume 3, pp. 1-38, 1899; Volume 5, pp. 1-36, 1900.
  • Ferdinand Pauly : From the history of the Diocese of Trier . Volume 2: The Bishops up to the Middle Ages . Trier, 1969, pp. 129-131
  • Carl Stenz (Ed.): The Trier Electors . Mainz 1937.
  • Emil Zenz (ed.): The deeds of the Trier. Gesta Treverorum . Volume 6, 1962, pp. 28-31.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ignaz Miller 1983: Jakob von Sierck 1398/99 - 1456 , here p. 284.

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Raban from Helmstatt Elector Archbishop of Trier
1439–1456 		Johann II of Baden
personal data
SURNAME Sierck, Jakob I. von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sierck, Jakob von; Siirk, Jakob von (Lorraine); Sierck, Jacques de (French)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop and Elector of Trier (1439–1456)
DATE OF BIRTH around 1398
PLACE OF BIRTH Sierck Castle , Sierck , France
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1456
Place of death Pfalzel