Schwarzenfels Office

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Map of the Schwarzenfels Office (around 1730)
Schwarzenfels Castle, seat of the office

Schwarzenfels was an office in the county of Hanau-Munzenberg .

function

In the early modern period , offices were a level between the municipalities and the sovereignty . The functions of administration and jurisdiction were not separated here. The office was headed by a bailiff who was appointed by the rulers.

history

Emergence

In 1277, the Fulda Monastery and the Lords of Hanau shared the originally associated dish Motten . The Hanau part was the Altengronau court , from which the Schwarzenfels office emerged in the second half of the 15th century. The Counts of Hanau-Munzenberg combined the parts of the court into an administrative unit, the predominant part of the Altengronau court, in which their rights were strong enough to carry out a territorialization .

Components

development

Until the mid-16th century, as bailiffs members of the knightly family of chefs , von Hutten , von der Tann , of Ebersberg, Nordeck to Rabenau , Eberstein, of Hornberg used and Lauter. They officiated at Schwarzenfels Castle .

In the inheritance dispute between Count Philipp Ludwig II. And his brother Albrecht , the latter was finally awarded the Schwarzenfels office, the Naumburg winery , the Ortenberg office and the Hanau share in Assenheim . Albrecht took up residence at Schwarzenfels Castle and founded the Hanau-Munzenberg-Schwarzenfels branch. This died out in the next generation with Johann Ernst von Hanau-Münzenberg -Schwarzenfels, who had previously inherited the entire county of Hanau-Münzenberg for a few months in 1641 and 1642.

In the second half of the 17th century, the local petty nobility in Vollmerz and Ramholz managed to enforce imperial immediacy . This was first the von Hutten family , followed in 1698 by the von Degenfeld-Schonburg family . With that, the two places left the Schwarzenfels office.

In 1643 the office was given to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel as a pledge along with other securities and was intended to guarantee Hanau's debts that had arisen against Hessen-Kassel in connection with the liberation of the city of Hanau from the siege by imperial troops in 1636. The Counts of Hanau were no longer able to redeem this pledge from Hessen-Kassel. The office was administered from there like landgrave property, even after Hessen-Kassel in 1736 after the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. who inherited the county of Hanau-Munzenberg. Only in 1786 did Landgrave Wilhelm IX. of Hessen-Kassel a reunification with the County of Hanau took place.

In 1821, there was a fundamental administrative reform in Hessen-Kassel, now known as the " Electorate of Hesse ". District offices were created. The Schwarzenfels office was added to the Schlüchtern district, lost its administrative function and only retained its function as a judicial office. This initially remained the same after the annexation of Hessen-Kassel by Prussia in 1866, until the judicial office was also dissolved in the course of the Prussian judicial reform in 1932. With the Hessian territorial reform , the district of Schlüchtern became part of the Main-Kinzig district in 1974 .

population

A large number of the villages belonging to the Schwarzenfels Office fell into desolation in the late Middle Ages. This may have been due to the fact that the area covered by the office, the low mountain range in the area of ​​the eastern Kinzig valley , belonged to the less productive areas in terms of agriculture and thus, with negative changes in the climate ( small ice age ) or in the social structure ( plague ), locations here were first abandoned.

literature

  • C. Cramer: State history of the Upper County of Hanau. P. 129.
  • Dommerich: Documented history of the gradual enlargement of the County of Hanau from the middle of the 13th century until the house died out in 1736. In: Mitteilungen des Hanauer Bezirksverein für Geschichte und Landeskunde 1/2 (1860), pp. 128, 195.
  • Franziska Haase: Ulrich I., Lord of Hanau 1281–1306. Masch. Diss. Münster 1924, p. 11, 40.
  • Ernst Hartmann: Castle, court and village of Schwarzenfels in the 13th and 14th centuries. In: Mitteilungsblatt Main-Kinzig-Kreis 5/78, 6/78.
  • Helmut Puchert: The Hessian Spessart - Contributions to the forest and hunting history. (= Communications from the Hessian Forest Administration 23 = Series of publications by the Hessian Forest Culture Museum Bieber 3)
  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for KurhessenV. Marburg 1926, p. 43 5.
  • Karl Ulrich: Office and Castle Schwarzenfels and their historical significance. In: Bulletin. Contributions to Heimatgeschichte 14 (1989), p. 264 ff.
  • Karl Ulrich: Church in Schwarzenfels. Schluechtern 1993.
  • We Wilhelm by the grace of God. The memoirs of Elector Wilhelm I of Hesse 1743–1821. Frankfurt 1996, p. 252.
  • Georg Wolff: About the origin of the Schwarzenfels court. In: Hanauisches Magazin 2. 1922/23. No. 10-12.
  • Georg Wolff: The origin of the court and the Schwarzenfels castle. In: Communications of the Hanau District Association for History and Regional Studies. Issue 5. 1876. p. 45 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schwarzenfels, Main-Kinzig-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) ..