Franciscus Sylvius

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Franciscus Sylvius

Franciscus Sylvius , Latinized from Franz de le Boë (born March 15, 1614 in Hanau ; † November 14, 1672 in Leiden ), was a Hessian - Dutch doctor, anatomist and natural scientist of Flemish descent. The physician, who is important as a clinician and iatrochemist , is considered to be the founder of scientifically oriented medicine and clinical chemistry .

Life

Franciscus Sylvius and his wife. Painting by Frans van Mieris the Elder

Sylvius grew up in Hanau and finished his school in Sedan . The family he came from came from Cambrai in southern Flanders (today northern France ) and was one of the families who founded the new town of Hanau at the end of the 16th century .

He studied medicine at the Universities of Leiden and Basel . In 1637 he obtained his doctorate in Basel . He then practiced in his native Hanau and from 1641 in Amsterdam . He married here in 1649. In 1658 he became professor of medicine at the University of Leiden. From 1669 to 1670 he was rector of this university .

Scientific work, other work

Sylvius was born in Germany, but his main place of work was Holland . For his scientific publications he latinized his name: Boë = French : Bois (forest) = Latinized: Sylvius.

He was the founder of science-oriented medicine and clinical chemistry . According to his ideas, life and illness are based on chemical processes and his school tried to derive medical phenomena from the laws of physics and chemistry. In 1669 he founded the first chemical laboratory at a European university in Leiden. Sylvius introduced the concept of affinity and dealt with digestive processes and the body fluids . He was one of the leading representatives who represented the concept of blood circulation developed by William Harvey . In addition, he dealt with neuroanatomy .

In order to use the positive effects of juniper on heartburn and indigestion in a common medicine, Sylvius mixed juniper berries and alcohol with other herbs to make a medicine that he marketed as genever. Later the name gin became common in the British Isles, where genever was not only used for medicinal purposes .

Honors

The furrow he describes between the apex and the temporal lobes in the cerebral cortex , the lateral sulcus , is named after him as the Sylvian fissure . The aqueductus mesencephali is also known as the aqueductus Sylvii .

After Sylvius, the mineral sylvin and some of the rock sylvinite were named.

Works

Single issues

  • Disputationum medicarum decas . 1st edition: Amsterdam 1663. 2nd edition: Frankfurt 1676.
  • Praxeos medicae idea nova [New idea of ​​medical practice]. 3 vols. 1st edition: Leiden 1667. 3rd edition: Hanau 1675.

Complete edition

After his death, a compilation of all his medical publications was published:

Francisci de le Boe, Sylvii: Opera Medica, Tam hactenus, quam variis locis & formis edita; nunc verò certo ordine disposita, & in unum volume redacta . Amsterdam 1679. This contains:

  • Disputationem medicarum
  1. De Alimentorum Fermentations in Ventriculo.
  2. De Chyli à Foecibus alvinis Secretione, atque in Lacteas Venas Propulsione in Intestinis perfecta.
  3. De Chyli Mutations in Sanguinem, Circulari Sanguinis Motu & Cordis, Arteriarumque Pulsu.
  4. De Spiritum Animalium in Cerebro, Cerebelloque, per Nervos Distributione, atque Usu Vario.
  5. De Lienis & Glandularum Usu.
  6. De Bilis ac Hepatis Usu.
  7. De Respiratione, Usuque Pulmonum.
  8. De Vasis Lymphaticus, & Lympha.
  9. De Febribus great.
  10. De Febribus Altera.
  • De Methodo Medendi Liber 1 & 2.
  • Praxeos medicae idea nova 1-3 & Appendix.
  • Opuscula varia
  • Tractatus 1:
  1. De infimo ventre.
  2. De media cavitate.
  3. De suprema cavitate.
  • Tractatus 2: Oratio Inauguralis de Hominis Cognitione . [1658]
  • Tractatus 3: De Medicamentis Chymicis Theses hactenus ineditae .
  • Tractatus 4: Epistola Apologetica Anti-Deusingiana .
  • Tractatus 5: Oratio de Affectus Epidemii A [nno] MDCLXIX Leidenssem Civitatem depopulantis, atque primariis Habitatoribus orbantis causis naturalibus .
  • Tractatus 6: Luca Schacht: Oratio Funebris in Obitum Noblissimi, Clarissimi, Expertissimi D. Francisci de le Boe, Sylvii, Medicinae Doctoris, dum viveret, & in Academia Lugd.-Btav. Professoris Practici Celeberrimi .

literature

  • Frank Baker: The two Sylviuses. An historical study . In: Johns Hopkins Hospital Journal , Volume 20, 1909, pp. 329-339
  • DE Baumann: Francois de le Boe Sylvius . Leiden 1949
  • Urs Boschung : Sylvius de le Boë, Franciscus. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1370.
  • Gerhard Bott: Count Friedrich Casimir von Hanau (1623–1685). The "King of the land of milk and honey" and his art treasures . Hanau 2015. ISBN 978-3-86314-215-5 , p. 67.
  • Lester S. King: The road to medical enlightment 1650-1695 . London / New York 1970, pp. 93-112
  • GA Lindeboom: Sylvius, Franciscus De Le Boe . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 13 : Hermann Staudinger - Giuseppe Veronese . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1976, p. 222-223 .
  • Luca Schacht: Oratio Funebris in Obitum Noblissimi, Clarissimi, Expertissimi D. Francisci de le Boe, Sylvii, Medicinae Doctoris, dum viveret, & in Academia Lugd.-Btav. Professoris Practici Celeberrimi . In: Sylvii Francisci de le Boe: Opera Medica, Tam hactenus, quam variis locis & formis edita; nunc verò certo ordine disposita, & in unum volume redacta . Amsterdam 1679, pp. 923-934.
  • E. Ashworth Underwood: Franciscus Sylvius and his iatrochemical school . In: Endeavor , Volume 31, 1972, pp. 73-76

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bott.
  2. ^ Inaugural lecture given on October 15, 1658: Oratio Inauguralis de Hominis Cognitione . In: Francisci de le Boe, Sylvii: Opera Medica, Tam hactenus, quam variis locis & formis edita; nunc verò certo ordine disposita, & in unum volume redacta . Amsterdam 1679, pp. 895-903.
  3. ↑ Bott.
  4. ↑ adlergin.de
  5. ↑ chemikus.de: Sylvinite


personal data
SURNAME Sylvius, Franciscus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boe, Franz de le; Boë Sylvius, Franciscus de le
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH March 15, 1614
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanau
DATE OF DEATH November 14, 1672
Place of death Suffer