Nürnberger Strasse (Hanau)

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The Nuremberg street was the main thoroughfare in the Neustadt Hanau . Today it is the westernmost section of a pedestrian zone , but it is cleared for the buses of the Hanau tram .

history

Nürnberger Strasse to the west before the destruction in World War II with the Hanauer tram

When the Neustadt Hanau was founded by Count Philipp Ludwig I von Hanau-Münzenberg and religious refugees from the Spanish Netherlands (today: Belgium ), a checkerboard pattern was set as the floor plan for the city map. The main traffic axis and Messestraße Frankfurt am Main - Leipzig / Nuremberg was led through the city center and along the south side of the market square . Between the market square and the eastern city gate, the Nürnberger Tor , it was named "Nürnberger Straße", while the western branch that led to the Canal Gate and the Frankfurter Tor was called "Römerstraße".

After the ramparts had been demolished in Napoleonic times, Nürnberger Strasse was lengthened a little, except for the intersection in front of the gate (today: Kurt-Plaum-Platz) where the road to Leipzig branched off.

This main traffic axis became even more important when the new Hanauer Ostbahnhof (today: Hanauer Hauptbahnhof ) went into operation in 1873 , which was also connected to the city center via Nürnberger Straße. This also led to the fact that the rails of the Hanau tram between Ostbahnhof and Marktplatz were also relocated here.

buildings

The historic development of the street from the time the Neustadt was founded was completely destroyed in the air raids of World War II. The street space of the street is today - as part of the street network of the Neustadt Hanau - as part of an overall cultural monument due to the Hessian Monument Protection Act .

Nuremberg Gate

Nürnberger Tor (baroque complex) during the demolition work in 1806/1807
Nürnberger Tor: The south pavilion of the classicist complex is offset to the north

The Nürnberger Tor originally delimited Nürnberger Straße to the east. It was built between 1600 and 1605. It was demolished during the demolition of the fortifications in Napoleonic times. At the same place, a new gate system in the classical style was built in 1820 . It consisted of two pavilions facing each other , the street could be blocked with a lattice gate in between. That served the authority that levied excise duties here .

First, with increasing traffic, the lattice gate disappeared in 1867, the two pavilions remained standing. Since 1935, the southern one has housed a memorial for those who died in the First World War . The air raids of World War II survived only this pavilion. When the “Brüder-Grimm-Center”, a shopping center, was built in this area around 1980, the pavilion was moved to the north side of the street in 1981/82. Today it houses a ticket sales point for the "Volksbühne Hanau" for theater tickets. The gate building is a cultural monument due to the Hessian Monument Protection Act.

Community house of the Jewish community

The community center of the Jewish community in Hanaus was at Nürnberger Strasse 3. The building itself dates back to the 18th century and was acquired by the community after the Hanau ghetto was opened at the beginning of the 19th century. The Jewish community school has been located here since 1890. After the Nazis in the wake of the November 9, 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom also Hanauer synagogue were destroyed, the remaining congregation held its services in the town hall before 1942, the last Jews from Hanau deported were. The building was destroyed in the bombing of World War II.

Old department store

The building of the first Hanauer Kaufhof was on the corner of Nürnberger Strasse and Hirschstrasse . It was built in 1929. The architect was Georg Clormann , who laid a wing of the building along each of the two streets and designed the corner connecting them with a round building. The house initially belonged to Leonhard Tietz AG, was " Aryanized " in 1933 and renamed Westdeutsche Kaufhof AG . As a steel and concrete construction, it had survived the air raids on Hanau in World War II in its basic substance, was then used in an under-value (the Kaufhof built a new building on Neustädter Markt ) until it was demolished in the 1980s in favor of a parking garage .

Dielmann department store

The Dielmann department store is a typical building from the construction period of the 1950s, a steel frame building with a flat roof . The facade - especially towards Nürnberger Straße - is richly designed with ribbon windows and colored stone ornaments laid like a mosaic. The building is a cultural monument due to the Hessian Monument Protection Act.

Further historical development

Left: Entrance to Nürnberger Straße from Neustädter Markt. On the corner: Haus zum Einhorn, in the foreground the southeast market fountain. Historic photo, before 1940

The Eckhaus zum Einhorn marked the entrance to Nürnberger Strasse from Neustädter Markt. The building was destroyed in the bombing of World War II.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Krumm, p. 129.
  2. ^ Oskar Schenk: The old Hanau city gates . In: Hanau city and country. A home book for school and home . Hanau 1954, p. 357 f.
  3. ^ Eckhard Meise : Bernhard Hundeshagen - no monument protection in Hanau in the early 19th century . In: New Magazine for Hanau History 2006 .
  4. O. Schenk, p. 357 f.
  5. ^ Martin Hoppe: Hanauer street names. Hanau 1991, p. 182. ISBN 3-87627-426-5 .
  6. Krumm, p. 251.
  7. Angelika Cipa and a .: Hanau city guide. Thirty sites of democratic history and anti-fascist resistance. Frankfurt 1983, p. 38.
  8. ^ Gerhard Bott : "Modern building" in the city of Hanau 1918–1933. "Demolition crime" and reconstruction after 1945 . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein (ed.): Gerhard Bott 90 . Cocon, Hanau 2017. ISBN 978-3-86314-361-9 , pp. 85-113 (98f).
  9. Krumm, p. 252 f.

Coordinates: 50 ° 7 ′ 56.5 "  N , 8 ° 55 ′ 11.3"  E