Philipp Ludwig I. (Hanau-Munzenberg)

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Drawing of the grave monument of Count Philipp Ludwig I von Hanau-Münzenberg by Karl Gruber, which was destroyed in the Second World War

Philipp Ludwig I ( November 21, 1553 - February 4, 1580 ) succeeded his father in the government of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1561.

origin

Philipp Ludwig I was born as the son of Count Philipp III. von Hanau-Münzenberg and the Countess Palatine Helena von Simmern . Godparents were:

Pedigree of Count Philipp Ludwig I of Hanau-Munzenberg
Great grandparents

Reinhard IV von Hanau-Münzenberg (* 1473; † 1512)

Katharina von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (* 1470; † 1514)

Botho zu Stolberg (* 1467; † 1538)

Anna von Eppstein-Königstein (* 1482; † 1538)

Johann I von Pfalz-Simmern (* 1459; † 1509)

Johanna von Nassau-Saarbrücken (* 1464; † 1521)

Christoph I of Baden (* 1453; † 1527)

Ottilie von Katzenelnbogen (* 1451; † 1517)

Grandparents

Philip II of Hanau-Münzenberg (* 1501; † 1529)
⚭ 1st
Juliana zu Stolberg (* 1506; † 1580)

Johann II of Pfalz-Simmern (* 1492; † 1557)

Beatrix of Baden (* 1492; † 1535)

parents

Philip III von Hanau-Münzenberg (* 1526; † 1561)

Helena von Simmern (* 1532; † 1579)

Philip Ludwig I.

For the family cf. Main article: Hanau (noble family)

It is said that Count Philipp Ludwig I was interested in collecting coins and medals.

youth

childhood

Biographical documents about Count Philipp Ludwig I have been available since 1560. At that time, his father appointed him as bailiff of Steinau . He was seven years old at the time - so it can only have been a sinecure . His father died just a year later and he inherited the county of Hanau-Münzenberg. That made guardianship necessary.

guardianship

The guardianship was established on the initiative of his mother by the Reich Chamber of Commerce . According to the application, the following were appointed as guardians:

  • Count Johann VI. von Nassau-Dillenburg, a step-great-uncle of the ward, who was also directly related to the ward - for far more generations - and
  • Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg, ruling count of the other Hanau line and thus - albeit very distantly - related to the ward.
  • Elector Friedrich III. Von der Pfalz is mentioned in the literature as the head guardian. But there is no documentary evidence for this.

Count Reinhard I. von Solms , who was much more closely related to the ward , and who had already acted as guardian for the father of the current ward, was obviously ignored when the guardianship was established. Obviously he had expected admission to the guardianship and had already obtained homage from subjects . He now had to release her again. This happened against the background that Count Reinhard I. von Solms was an Old Believer , but the County of Hanau was now politically and the Count's family firmly in the camp of the Reformation . On the other hand, the contrast between the Reformed (Palatinate) and Lutheran (Hanau-Lichtenberger) direction of the Reformation was not as pronounced as it was a generation later, when this led to violent disputes between guardians of different denominations in the next Hanau-Münzenberg guardianship . Now there was more of a dispute about the denominational orientation of the training centers to be chosen for the count, but in the end they always came to an agreement.

During the time of Philipp Ludwig's guardianship, there was a dispute with the Burggrafschaft Friedberg about the income from the Naumburg winery , which culminated in the Naumburg feud .

education

The young Count Philipp Ludwig I is described by his tutors as highly intelligent and eager to learn. From 1563 onwards, the guardianship explores the young count's training from abroad. When that didn't work, he came to the court of his Nassau guardian in Dillenburg for three years , where he was brought up together with Heinrich von Nassau (* 1550; † 1574), the youngest brother of his guardian. Both were then sent on an educational trip together: 1567–1569 to the University of Strasbourg , from 1569 to the University of Tübingen . This is where Count Philipp Ludwig I came into contact with the violently developing theological controversies within the Reformation movement.

After the stay in Tübingen, the training was to be continued in France . In 1572 Count Philipp Ludwig I arrived in Paris . Here he also had contact with the leader of the Huguenots , Admiral Gaspard II. De Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon , and was caught in the middle of the Bartholomew's Night massacre , from which he narrowly escaped. On September 15, 1572 he was back in Buchsweiler , today: Bouxwiller, the residential town of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

The studies were continued at the University of Basel , from where he also went on excursions to inner Switzerland . This was followed by a stay in Italy from 1573, during which numerous places in northern Italy were visited before the actual travel destination, the University of Padua , was reached. From here he came to Rome to study . The way back took him via Vienna in 1574 . This educational program for a count was extraordinarily multi-faceted and by no means standard for the time.

family

Count Philipp Ludwig I married Countess Magdalene von Waldeck (1558–1599). There are three types of information about the date of the wedding (February 2, 1576, February 5, 1576, February 6, 1576). The marriage with Magdalene von Waldeck, whose family was more oriented towards the Landgraviate of Hesse and the Archdiocese of Cologne and was classed lower than the Counts of Hanau, took place against the initial resistance of his Nassau guardian, who would have preferred a marriage in the vicinity of his own clan . On the one hand, it seems to have been a love marriage, but perhaps also a conscious departure from the politically dominant influence of the Nassauer in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg.

Philipp and Magdalene had four children together:

  1. Philip Ludwig II (1576–1612)
  2. Juliane (born October 13, 1577 - † December 2, 1577), buried in the choir of the Marienkirche in Hanau
  3. Wilhelm (born August 26, 1578; † June 14, 1579), also buried in the choir of the Marienkirche in Hanau
  4. Albrecht von Hanau-Münzenberg -Schwarzenfels (Albert) (1579–1635)

government

On November 13, 1562, on the way to the coronation of his son Maximilian II on November 24, 1562 in Frankfurt am Main , Emperor Ferdinand I passed the Hanau residence, received a reception and went hunting.

1563 was one in Hanau consistory established and thus the Reformation and at the level of management institutionalized. The Hanau consistory initially formed a department of the count's chancellery . It was not until Count Philipp Ludwig I's son, Count Philipp Ludwig II., That this supreme church authority was emancipated from the chancellery in 1612 and became an independent institution.

In 1571 the Solms land law , a commission from the Counts of Solms, was published. As the legal situation in the Solms neighboring territories was very similar, it spread quickly in the area of ​​the Wetterau Empire Counts College . Local deviations were made public through local notices. In the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, the legal collection was used at the latest since 1581. This right was partially in effect until the introduction of the Civil Code on January 1, 1900.

The government of Count Philipp Ludwig I, which has been independent since 1575, is characterized by careful maneuvering in the increasingly tense network of political relations in the empire and the region , due to the multi-denominational burden and the striving of the empire territories for state consolidation . In 1578 the (Lutheran) church order of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg was also introduced in the County of Hanau-Münzenberg. Count Philipp Ludwig I acted cautiously here as well and - probably contrary to personal conviction - renounced the more radical Reformed model. This "second Reformation", the turn to the Reformation camp, only took place under his son and successor, Count Philipp Ludwig II.

Was under the government of Count Philipp Ludwig I Hanau finally the villages Dorheim , Schwalheim , Rödgen , the former monasteries Konradsdorf and Hirzenhain and one-third of Ortenberg the counts of Stolberg buy from, areas that had previously been pledged to Hanau. He also bought Ober- and Niedereschbach , Steinbach and shares in Holzhausen .

death

Choir of the Marienkirche in Hanau. On the left side wall the consoles bearing the epitaph Count Philipp Ludwig I.

The death of Count Philip Ludwig I came very suddenly. Although he complained of weakness and nausea three or four days before his death, he did not take it very seriously. He had died "between 4 and 5 o'clock after noon due to a faint, which your gracious friends accidentally arrived over dinner and games" .

He was buried in the choir of the Marienkirche in Hanau , on the right-hand side, i.e. near the south wall of the choir, in the immediate vicinity of his father. A funeral sermon appeared at his funeral . An epitaph of significant art history, a significant creation of the High Renaissance, was erected for him there. After its destruction in the Second World War , only a few fragments remain, which are kept in the Hanau Historical Museum . Four empty consoles on the south wall of the choir indicate the former location.

His widow, Countess Magdalene, b. von Waldeck, married again in 1581 to Count Johann VII von Nassau-Siegen.

Individual evidence

  1. Enrollment took place on September 9, 1569: Heinrich Hermelink, Die Matrikel der Universität Tübingen, Vol. 1, Stuttgart 1906, p. 497
  2. ^ Varnhagen, Vol. 2, p. 70
  3. Glawischnig
  4. Dek, p. 232
  5. a b cf. Menk, pp. 154f and G. Schmidt, p. 548
  6. Deviations for Hanau in: Kersting, p. 388
  7. Hatstein
  8. ^ Melchior Weissenberger: [funeral sermon] . Frankfurt am Main 1580. Evidence: Title page catalog of funeral sermons and other funeral pamphlets in the University Library of Breslau , shelf number: 325365. In: Database of the research center for personal documents at the Philipps University of Marburg

literature

  • Adrian Willem Eliza Dek: De Afstammelingen van Juliana van Stolberg tot aan het jaar van de vrede van Munster. Zaltbommel, 1968.
  • Reinhard Dietrich : The state constitution in Hanau. In: Hanauer Geschichtsblätter. 34, Hanau 1996, ISBN 3-9801933-6-5 .
  • Rolf Glawischnig: Netherlands, Calvinism and Imperial Counts 1559 - 1584. Nassau-Dillenburg under Count Johann VI. In: Writings of the State Office for Historical Regional Studies. 36, Marburg 1973.
  • Hatstein (handwritten chronicle in the archive of the Hanau History Association )
  • Carl Heiler: Johann Adam Bernhard's report on the youth of Count Philipp Ludwig I of Hanau. In: Hanauisches Magazin. 11. 1932, pp. 25-31.
  • Heinrich Neumann: A count's journey more than 350 years ago. In: Hanauisches Magazin. 11. 1932, p. 92.
  • Reinhards von Isenburg, Count of Büdingen, to the young Count Philipp Ludwig in 1563 on December 6th. self-made consilium to behave in front of and in government. In: Hanauisches Magazin. 8. 1785, 32nd - 34th item.
  • Hermann Kersting: The special rights in the Electorate of Hesse. Collection of the Fulda, Hanauer, Isenburger, Kurmainzer and Schaumburg law, including the norms for the Buchische Quartier and for the cents mean sense, as well as the auxiliary rights recipients in the Principality of Hanau, Fulda 1857
  • Gerhard Menk: Philipp Ludwig I. von Hanau-Munzenberg (1553-1580). Educational history and politics of an imperial count in the second half of the 16th century. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. 32. 1982, pp. 127-163.
  • Georg Schmidt: The Wetterauer Count Association. In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. 52, Marburg 1989, ISBN 3-7708-0928-9 .
  • Reinhard Suchier : Genealogy of the Hanauer count house. In: Festschrift of the Hanau History Association for its 50th anniversary celebration on August 27, 1894. Hanau 1894.
  • Johann Adolf Theodor Ludwig Varnhagen: Basis of the Waldeck country and regent history. Arolsen 1853.
  • K. Wolf: The guardianship of Count Johann the Elder of Nassau-Dillenburg. In: Hanauisches Magazin. 15, p. 81 and 16, p. 1.
  • Ernst Julius Zimmermann : Hanau city and country. 3rd edition, Hanau 1919, ND 1978.
predecessor Office successor
Philip III Count of Hanau-
Munzenberg 1561–1580
Philip Ludwig II.