Ober-Eschbach

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Ober-Eschbach
Coat of arms of Ober-Eschbach
Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 51 ″  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 58 ″  E
Height : 140  (133-158)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.91 km²
Residents : 6500
Population density : 941 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 61352
Area code : 06172

Ober-Eschbach is a district of Bad Homburg vor der Höhe in the Hochtaunus district in Hesse .

Geographical location

Eschbach (artificial stream guide)

Ober-Eschbach lies at an altitude of 157 m above sea ​​level , approx. 1.5 km east of the town center of Bad Homburg. The place is traversed by the Eschbach . It borders in the west on the Gonzenheim district , in the north on the Ober-Erlenbach district of Bad Homburg, in the east on the Frankfurt district Nieder-Eschbach and in the south on Bommersheim , a district of Oberursel (Taunus) .

Ober-Eschbach also has two exclaves, both of which are uninhabited forest areas: on the one hand, part of the Hardtwald north-east of Bad Homburg, and, on the other hand, a wooded area in the far north-west of Bad Homburg, which borders on Anspach and Obernhain .

history

prehistory

Archaeological excavation site "Roman Villa"

In the area around Ober-Eschbach there are a number of archaeological finds from Roman times. At the upper end of Lorscher Straße there is an archaeological garden with the ruins of a villa rustica , which have been uncovered, conserved and become part of an open space. In 1991 they were discovered during the establishment of a new building area and opened to the public in 1995 as an archaeological garden. The remains of the associated barns, granaries, stables and residential buildings were not preserved after the excavations were completed and had to make way for the new building area.

middle Ages

The total of 35 mentions of Aschebach in the Lorsch Codex for the 8th and 9th centuries, the oldest of 772, cannot be clearly assigned to either Ober- or Nieder-Eschbach (or possibly even to another place, e.g. Eschborn ). The Codex does not make a corresponding distinction. Ober-Eschbach appears as an independent place for the first time in a document in 1219, when the parish is mentioned in "superiori askebach". The economic use of the salt springs is documented as early as 773 . With the Munzenberg inheritance in 1255, the village fell to the Lords of Falkenstein .

Archaeological studies on the church in Ober-Eschbach in 1996/97 have shown that its predecessor was built in the 9th or 10th century. A new church was built in the 13th century. The local church was a fortified church , surrounded by walls and with a fortified tower. The patronage was with St. Peter . From 1320 Ober-Eschbach was an independent parish to which Gonzenheim, half of Burgholzhausen and Königstein Castle belonged. From 1476 the parish of the Marienkirche in Königstein was incorporated. The community belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz . Middle church authorities were from 1107 the archdeaconate of the collegiate church St. Peter in Mainz and its deanery in Eschborn .

In 1416 Ober-Eschbach came to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1419 the place became a fiefdom of the Lords of Eppstein . In 1487 Ober-Eschbach was sold as a Homburg enclave together with Homburg to Count Philipp I of Hanau-Münzenberg . The curtain wall, of which wall remnants can still be seen near the new school, was also built in the 15th century.

Early modern age

Former Catholic, from the early 16th century Lutheran, from 1596 Evangelical Reformed church. Early Gothic tower and nave. Baroque spire and choir. Profaned in 1823. Mayor's office until 1972 ("Old Town Hall")
Former Evangelical Lutheran parish church "Zur Himmelspforte", since 1823 the church of the United Congregation

The village lived from agriculture. Shepherds and mills were attached to the Oberhof and Unterhof. In 1593, Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg introduced the Reformed Confession ("second Reformation ") in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg . In the same year a school in Ober-Eschbach was mentioned for the first time. In 1595, Ober- and Nieder-Eschbach were merged together with Steinbach and Burgholzhausen vor der Höhe in the newly formed Rodheim Office of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg.

In the Thirty Years War the place was partially destroyed, in 1630 the rectory, and subsequently the municipality was administered from Nieder-Eschbach. After the Reformed line of the Hanau-Munzenberg Count's House died out in 1642 and the Lutheran line of the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg came to power, Lutheran communities formed in many places in the County of Hanau-Munzenberg, but these remained numerically smaller and economically weaker than the Reformed . From 1642 Lutheran services were also held in Ober-Eschbach, initially in the Oberhof hall, and from 1644 “on the gate”, the former town hall. A Lutheran school was mentioned in 1693, and a Reformed one in 1700. In 1716 the Lutheran parsonage was built, in 1720 a Lutheran pastor was employed again, and the Lutheran church was built in 1728–1731. She received furnishings from other churches in the county, including a pulpit from the Johanneskirche in Hanau .

In 1269 Gottfried von Eppstein was named as the owner of the Oberhof in Ober-Eschbach. Later the Oberhof belonged to the Barons von Ingelheim . After the Thirty Years War the Frankfurt merchant Johannes Ochs bought it . This developed the Oberhof to the inn "Hessischer Hof". The Unterhof belonged to the Lords of Riedesel zu Bellersheim.

The county of Hanau-Münzenberg - and thus Ober-Eschbach - fell after the death of the last Count of Hanau , Johann Reinhard III. , 1736, on the basis of an inheritance contract with the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel . In 1767 the reformed church received an onion dome and in 1787 its round choir. In addition to agriculture, hosiery weaving , which was carried out at home , was an important branch of business until the 19th century.

Modern times

From 1806 to 1810 Ober-Eschbach was occupied by the French, belonged to the Principality of Hanau and was then added to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , where it remained after the Congress of Vienna . Here it belonged to the following administrative units:

In 1945 Ober-Eschbach was allocated to the new state of (Greater) Hesse.

In 1823 the two Protestant denominations , the Lutheran and the Reformed, were united. The first uniate pastor was the last reformed pastor, Johann Philipp Gruber. The parish agreed on the previously Lutheran church "Zur Himmelspforte" as the church of the united parish and profaned the formerly reformed church. From 1824 this was used as a town hall, among other things.

In 1941 the volunteer fire brigade of Ober-Eschbach was founded. In 1945 and 1946 refugees and displaced persons moved to Ober-Eschbach. 1950 began with the designation of new building areas. In 1953 the 1200 years celebration took place, which, however, as more recent findings show, had no historically verifiable basis. In 1957 the new school was inaugurated. In 2002, due to the large influx of people, expansion and renovation of the school began. Since its inauguration in 2004, it has been called "Elementary School in Eschbachtal".

Development since the incorporation

On December 31, 1971, Ober-Eschbach became one of five districts of Bad Homburg vor der Höhe through the voluntary border change agreement, after a merger with five neighboring communities to form the community of Eschbachtal had previously failed. Ober-Eschbach heard since 1 August 1972 Hochtaunuskreis in Darmstadt Region . At that time the community had 2241 inhabitants (as of June 30, 1976).

While the village had little supra-local trade up until then, rapid development began in residential development and in the settlement of high-quality trade. The convenient location and the attractiveness of the name Bad Homburg vd Höhe contributed to this. From 1984 onwards, the Am Atzelnest industrial area , which is located on old orchards , was opened up with the inauguration of Hewlett-Packard's German sales center . This was followed by DuPont , Norsk Data and other companies from the sectors of high technology, training and services. In 1987 the Protestant community center was inaugurated in the western new building area An der Leimenkaut (built in 1982/1986) . In 1995 the new Roman Catholic branch church of St. Elisabeth was inaugurated with its parish center. It is in the immediate vicinity of the Protestant community center. In the same year, the kindergarten opened in the new eastern residential area of Hessengärten (built 1979/82). In 1994 the branch office of the city administration in the "Old Town Hall" was closed, the city only offers citizen-related services centrally. In 1995, another industrial area was opened on Am Massenheimer Weg , where a grocery wholesaler, a paint shop, a furniture forwarding company and a tire dealer have settled. In November 2007, one of the largest BMW / Mini dealerships in the Rhine-Main area finally opened on the Südring .

From 2003 to 2006, the Ober-Eschbach cemetery was given a representative walling made of coarse natural stone, which optically ties in with the partly still existing late medieval curtain wall in the town center. Another improvement in the appearance of the town was created by the redesigned entrance to the Leimenkaut industrial estate in spring 2008. A greened new road roundabout offers better traffic flow.

coat of arms

The (unofficial) coat of arms of Ober-Eschbach was created in 1989 by the heraldist Heinz Ritt . The coat of arms is divided across by a wavy bar that represents the Eschbach. The Peter's keys in the upper area refer to St. Peter as the patron saint of the place, the ash branch to the ash tree , which gave the Eschbach its name. The colors red and gold were the colors of the Counts of Hanau, the former local lords.

Infrastructure

Level crossing U2 in Ober-Eschbach

Rail and public transport

The Frankfurt light rail line U2 has a stop in Ober-Eschbach and connects the place with the city center of Frankfurt, but not with the center of Bad Homburg. From 1910 to 1971 the overland tram operated by Frankfurter Lokalbahn AG , which also served goods traffic, ran on the route of today's Stadtbahn . The passenger trains on line 25 drove through to Bad Homburg's market square. Today the city bus routes 1 and 11 as well as 2 and 12 take over the connection with the city center of Bad Homburg.

Street

Since 1936 the Reichsautobahn ran through the district of Ober-Eschbach. Today Ober-Eschbach lies between the federal highway 5 and the federal highway 661 , which form the Bad Homburg cross in the south of the district . However, Ober-Eschbach has no direct motorway connection. The southern districts have become almost sound-free from there due to the construction of noise protection systems along the federal motorway 5.

A bypass has existed since 1988 (Südring), extended in 1995 by the Ostring to the underpass of the federal motorway 5 to Ober-Erlenbach. The eastern bypass from Ober-Eschbach to the Leimenkaut exit has been approved since 1993. In 2003 the K 766 (new) was extended to Friedrichsdorf .

Cultural monuments

For the cultural monuments of the district see the list of cultural monuments in Ober-Eschbach .

The Evangelical Church of Ober-Eschbach "Zur Himmelspforte" was built in 1728–1731 as a transverse church.

Personalities

literature

  • District committee of the Obertaunuskreis (ed.): 100 years of Obertaunuskreis . 1967.
  • Ferdinand Luthmer: The architectural and art monuments of the eastern Taunus. Frankfurt district - Höchst district - Obertaunus district - Usingen district . 1905.
  • Magistrate of the city of Bad Homburg vd Höhe (Ed.): 1200 years Bad Homburg. 782-1982 . 1982.
  • Ernst J. Zimmermann : Hanau, city and country. Cultural history and chronicle of a Franconian-Wetterauischen city and former. County. With special consideration of the older time. Increased edition, self-published, Hanau 1919 (Unchanged reprint. Peters, Hanau 1978, ISBN 3-87627-243-2 ).

Web links

Commons : Ober-Eschbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ober-Eschbach, Hochtaunuskreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 22, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ NN: Relics in the Underground . In: FAZ v. March 29, 2011, p. 49.
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Boehmer, Friedrich Lau: Document book of the imperial city of Frankfurt . Joseph Baer & Co, Frankfurt am Main 1901–1905 (2 volumes), document no. 45 of July 14, 1219.
  4. ^ Rüdiger Kurth: New aspects of the Ober-Eschbach history . In: Communications from the Association for History and Regional Studies for Bad Homburg in front of the height 51 (2002), pp. 132-134.
  5. ↑ Caroline Grottker: Lutheran churches in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg under Count Johann Reinhard III. (1712–1736) [unpublished master's thesis in the Department of Philology and Art Studies at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main]. Frankfurt 1984, pp. 61-66 (63).
  6. ↑ Zimmermann, pp. 767, 772.
  7. ↑ Primary schools in the Hochtaunus district , page 9
  8. ↑ Gerstenmeier, K.-H. (1977): Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen. P. 267
  9. ↑ Taunus Zeitung of July 17, 2009, p. 17 "Ober-Eschbach for on the go"
  10. ↑ Kathrin Ellwardt: Church building between evangelical ideals and absolutist rule. The cross churches in the Hessian area from the Reformation century to the Seven Years War . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-937251-34-0