Crainfeld

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Crainfeld
Municipality Grebenhain
Coat of arms of Crainfeld
Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 6 ″  N , 9 ° 20 ′ 53 ″  E
Height : 442 m
Area : 10.05 km²
Residents : 396  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 39 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 36355
Area code : 06644
View of Crainfeld
View of Crainfeld

Crainfeld is a district of the Grebenhain community in the Vogelsberg district in central Hesse .

geography

View from Maienberg to Crainfeld

location

Crainfeld is located on the southeastern edge of the Hohe Vogelsberg at an altitude of 442  m above sea level. NN . The district of Crainfeld has a size of 1005 ha and extends over a height of 435 to 510 m above sea level. Of this, 708 hectares are used for agriculture, 196 hectares are forest and 101 hectares are settlement and traffic areas. The village of Crainfeld is located on a slight hill above the Lüder , which flows past the village to the east and flows into the Fulda after 40 km at Lüdermünd in the neighboring district of Fulda .

climate

As in the entire Vogelsberg region, the climatic conditions are very rough. With an average annual temperature of 6 ° C and precipitation of around 1,000 mm per year, the agricultural use period is relatively short. The average temperature from May to July reaches 14.5 ° C, late frosts can appear until the end of May. This is why the high Vogelsberg is popularly referred to as Hessian Siberia . Due to its exposed location, Crainfeld is particularly exposed to cold air and wind.

history

First mention of December 29, 1012

Crainfeld is likely to have arisen as early as 800 in connection with the beginning of the clearing and the development of the state in the Vogelsberg area during the high Middle Ages . As a place of jurisdiction, it belonged to the property of the Fulda monastery in the Wetterau , which was administered by the Count of Nidda as his governors. After the Nidda Count's House was extinguished in 1206, it passed to the Counts of Ziegenhain and , when they died out in 1450, to the Landgraves of Hesse . In the old Hessen period, Crainfeld was the seat of the court of the same name , which consisted of the communities of Crainfeld, Grebenhain , Bermuthshain and Ilbeshausen and belonged to the Nidda office . The court of Crainfeld is mentioned for the first time in 1311 in a marriage contract of Count Johann von Ziegenhain. After the various divisions of Hesse in the 16th century, it became the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt in 1604 .

A note handed down in Codex Eberhardi , which is originally dated to the period around 800 to 900, names a Cancher de Creienvelt who donated his goods to the Fulda Abbey in the march of Rodheim an der Horloff in Wetterau. In 900 Count Stephan left the place Soden with the described district against the place Crichesfeld .

In the Codex Eberhardi (dated 1020) the parish of Crainfeld was established and the first church consecrated to St. Ulrich was built.

The oldest known document in the original preserved, is mentioned in the Crainfeld, is a document of 29 December 1012 in the King Henry II. The Abbey of Fulda gives the forest tinder Hart. In addition to ufe Creginfelt (Crainfeld), Iliuuineshusun (Ilbeshausen), Warmuntessneida (Bermuthshain), Widenaho ( Weidenau ) and Calbaho ( Kalbach ) are named as border points of the donated area.

In the late Middle Ages , the Crainfeld court was repeatedly pledged by the abbots of the Fulda monastery , for example in 1332 to the Knights of Fischborn, 1399 to the Riedesel zu Eisenbach, 1407 to the Lords of Merlau and again from 1441 to 1451 to the Riedesel. According to an agreement concluded between Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse and the Crainfeld court in 1493, the men from the villages of Kreyenfelt and Bernhartsheim had to bring 100 quarters of oats from the Nidda office to the Marburg Palace every year.

In 1542, the Landgraviate of Hesse and Messrs. Riedesel zu Eisenbach signed a contract on the definition of the boundaries between the Hessian court of Crainfeld and the Riedesel court of Moos in order to end the constant mutual border disputes. In two lists of people who have paid a furstgelt (tax for construction and firewood), all 25 persons from Crainfeld, which at that time had 51 heads of house, are named in 1549. This is the first mention of a large number of family names in Crainfeld. The Salbuch of the Office of Nidda, which followed in 1556, then names all house heads and also contains the oldest surviving boundary description of the Crainfeld court.

Around 1580 to 1590, a school was set up in Crainfeld for the first time, which the children from the neighboring court villages also attended before their own schools were established there.

During the Thirty Years' War , the troops of Duke Christian von Braunschweig passed through the Crainfeld court on June 1, 1622 on their way to the Palatinate and plundered it completely. A cavalry regiment commanded by Count Wolfgang Ernst von Isenburg-Büdingen burned down Crainfeld almost completely. 25 residents of the village were murdered and 114 houses, barns and stables were destroyed by flames. The destroyed buildings also included the church, the rectory with all church documents, the mayor's office ( Edelhof ), the forester's house and the schoolhouse. Only 8 buildings remained.

The total damage in Crainfeld, as it was determined in the 1625 war damage register of the Upper Duchy of Hesse , amounted to 20,532 Reichstaler. In this war damage register, 3 Jewish residents are also mentioned for the first time. Reconstruction of Crainfeld and the church began soon after 1622 and was completed by around 1630. In the further course of the Thirty Years War, the court was repeatedly hit by parades, billeting and looting of various armies and troops, and it became completely impoverished. At the instigation of the Landgrave, protective guards ( Salvaguardien ) were set up against the repeated looting. The village and court were completely impoverished after the end of the war, and the economic recovery lasted several decades.

On July 9, 1652, Georg II of Hessen-Darmstadt granted the Crainfeld court the right to hold a free market on John's beheading (August 29) as a grocer and cattle market at the request of all places of the Crainfeld court. The Crainfeld autumn market was held until 1973.

In 1685, the Edelhof was rebuilt as a residential and administrative house for the landgrave's senior schoolmate Ellenberger in place of an older previous building. The magnificent half-timbered house has been preserved to this day and is the landmark of Crainfeld.

During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), alternating French and Allied troops camped in the court of Crainfeld and forced extensive "foraging". In 1759, Brunswick troops forcibly expelled the French from Crainfeld, killing a French soldier. In the summer of 1762 a major battle took place near Crainfeld and Grebenhain, in which the French were crushed.

After the new Hessian municipal code came into force in 1821, the court organization inherited from the Middle Ages was abolished and the Crainfeld court dissolved. An elected mayor took the place of the previous mayor. The place of justice became an ordinary rural community. In 1832 Crainfeld was incorporated into the Nidda district and in 1848 into the Nidda administrative district. Since 1852 it belonged to the Lauterbach district .

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Crainfeld in 1830:

"Crainfeld (L. Bez. Schotten) evangel. Parish village; located in Vogelsberg, 3 3 / 4  St. Schotten, 1742 Hess. (1340 Par.) Feet above the sea, has 88 houses, 499 inhabitants, who are Protestant except for 36 Jews, 1 church, 2 grinding mills and 2 cattle markets, which are not insignificant. Nearby were the places Kulhayn and Hirschrode. - In the year 900 a Count Stephan from Fuld Abbey exchanged a place called Creichesfelt and Criechesfelt . Insofar as the assumption is correct that this place means Crainfeld, this would be the oldest news. A message from the year 1013 is more certain. The church was built in 1020 by the Archbishop of Mainz, Erkanbald, in honor of Heil. Udalrich, inaugurated, and gifted with a hat in Burchartesrode and a tithe in Savigereshusen (Burkhards and Schwickartshausen). "

Parcel hand plan from 1832

After the construction of the Hessian state road between Lauterbach and Gedern between 1831 and 1857, Crainfeld lost its role as a means of transport in the region and gradually lost its importance in favor of the neighboring Grebenhain, of which it was then in the course of the 20th century both in terms of the Population numbers as well as commercial operations was outstripped. This process accelerated after the construction of the Lauterbach-Gedern-Stockheim branch line , which was completed in 1906, and the construction of the Hartmannshain air ammunition facility in Oberwald near Grebenhain in 1936, the site of which was used for industrial settlements after 1945. On the Vogelsbergbahn, Crainfeld was given a shared station with Grebenhain in 1901 and a stop in the immediate vicinity of the village in 1906. The branch line remained in operation for passenger traffic until 1975. The track system was dismantled in 1997.

Due to the collapse of peasant house weaving and the predominantly small-scale agriculture, Crainfeld was partly marked by great poverty in the 19th century. By the 1890s, at least 32 crain fields emigrated to the USA and Brazil , some with their families .

From 1859 to 1861 the new 42 m high church tower was built, which still characterizes the townscape and landscape, and the church was renovated. The first synagogue was set up in 1842 and a new synagogue building was built in the same place in 1885.

Under Mayor Heinrich Schmalbach, from 1884 to 1886 and from 1896 to 1909 a member of the Hessian state parliament, the Crainfeld aqueduct was laid in 1895 as the first of its kind in the high Vogelsberg. During his term of office, the new school building was also built in 1907 and street lighting was installed in 1909. In 1922, Crainfeld was connected to the power grid of the Upper Hesse overland plant . The first land consolidation began in 1925 . Between 1919 and 1928 there was also a private secondary school in Crainfeld at times .

In the First World War , Crainfeld had 16 casualties.

At the end of the 1880s, the anti-Semitic movement also gained influence in Crainfeld, as in almost all of Vogelsberg . Occasionally there were conflicts between the Christian majority of the population and the Jewish community, which had grown rapidly in the second half of the 19th century and which at that time comprised a fifth of the local population. After the First World War, the Hessian Farmers' Union dominated the elections before the NSDAP prevailed here too . In 1932 a local NSDAP group in Crainfeld was founded. After 1933, the living conditions for the local Jewish families increasingly deteriorated, and by the end of 1938 they all left their hometowns.

In the Second World War , 23 native Crainfelder fell as soldiers. The evacuees and displaced persons who came to Bermuthshain during or after the war lost 9 relatives as dead. A total of 25 Jews born in Crainfeld were murdered in the Holocaust .

After the Second World War, a new elevated tank was built in 1948 for the now overloaded water supply network. In 1950 a morgue was built in the Protestant cemetery, and in 1952 the fire station of the volunteer fire brigade (expanded in 1967). In 1954 the local roads were asphalted and provided with a sewer system, in 1959 the water pipe was completely renewed. In 1964, the cash building of today's Volksbank Grebenhain was built on the former location of the old Crainfeld brewery . Even before the communal independence was lost, the conversion of the previous school building into a village community center began in 1971 .

The Crainfeld Church, painted in 1966

Crainfeld in the large community of Grebenhain

Due to the regional reform in Hesse , the community of Crainfeld merged with ten neighboring communities on December 31, 1971 to form the newly formed large community of Grebenhain. Since August 1, 1972, the place has also been part of the then newly formed Vogelsberg district . The two-class elementary school in town had to be closed in 1969 as a result of the school reform in Hesse in favor of the new central school ( Oberwaldschule ) in neighboring Grebenhain.

As the first district of the large community Grebenhain, Crainfeld was included in the village renewal program of the state of Hesse. The funding measures extended to the period 1983 to 1991. Since the beginning of the 1990s, a new building area was built east of the historic town center. Another new development area on the west side is currently being developed. Instead of the traditional Whitsun fair , the Lüder fair has been held on the last weekend in April since 1985 .

The wind farm on the Maienberg was built in 1995 with a total nominal output of 2.4 MW .

The 1000th anniversary of the foundation of the parish of Crainfeld and the first documentary mention of the place took place on June 12, 2011.

Desolation

There are five deserted areas in the district of Crainfeld, which are settlements that were abandoned in the late Middle Ages.

The Hirschrod desert lies on the right bank of the Lüder on the border with Bannerod . It is first mentioned in the Salbuch of the Nidda office from 1556, where a Mühl waterfall at Hirßrode is listed. This is likely to be a predecessor of the Heckenmühle , which existed at this point until 1881 , while the place itself no longer existed at that time. Exactly opposite Hirschrod, on the left bank of the Lüder, was the Nickelshof , evidenced by the field name of the same name, which was probably a single farm on the left Nidderstrasse .

To the southeast of Crainfeld, near the Nieder-Mooser pond, was the village of Kuhlhain, which consisted of eight courtyards . It is also mentioned for the first time in the Salbuch of 1556 and is already referred to here as a desert. The eight estates were all owned by Crainfeldern, which may have been descendants of the inhabitants of Kuhlhain.

To the north of Crainfeld, to the right of the Lüder, there is the In der Lanzenhain corridor , which until 1935 was an appendage to the Nieder-Moos district . This field name is already mentioned in a Riedesel fiefdom from 1447, according to which in the middle of the 15th century there was only overgrown farmland at this point. A no longer existing place Lanzenhain is also mentioned in the Riedeselian interest register for the court Moos from 1553.

Another place that was abandoned in the Middle Ages was probably on the border of the districts of Crainfeld, Ober-Moos and Bermuthshain, the Rodenbach desert . The Rothenbach pond was created here in the 19th century.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Crainfeld was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus the Lißberg office was responsible for Crainfeld. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. Crainfeld a lot in the judicial district of the " Landgericht Schotten ". With effect from May 1, 1849, Crainfeld was assigned to the Altenschlirf district court . In 1854 the seat of the regional court was moved to Herbstein .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Amtsgericht Herbstein" and assigned to the district of the regional court of Giessen .

On July 1, 1957, the Herbstein District Court lost its independence and finally became a branch of the Lauterbach District Court after it was already at the end of the Second World War . On July 1, 1968, this branch was also closed. On January 1, 2005, the Lauterbach District Court was repealed as a full court and became a branch of the Alsfeld District Court . On January 1, 2012, this branch was also closed. The superordinate instances are now, the regional court Gießen , the higher regional court Frankfurt am Main and the federal court as last instance.

Population development

In February 1586 the Nidda rentmaster Caspar Ziegenmenger had a complete list of all serfs in the Nidda office, including the Crainfeld court, drawn up. In Crainfeld a total of 164 serfs lived on 50 farms, 93 of them adults and 71 children.

• 1791: 428 inhabitants
• 1800: 408 inhabitants
• 1806: 416 inhabitants, 81 houses
• 1829: 499 inhabitants, 88 houses
• 1867: 535 inhabitants, 88 inhabited buildings
• 1875: 525 inhabitants, 89 inhabited buildings
Crainfeld: Population from 1791 to 2016
year     Residents
1791
  
 428
1800
  
 408
1806
  
 416
1829
  
 499
1834
  
 539
1840
  
 559
1846
  
 588
1852
  
 555
1858
  
 557
1864
  
 519
1871
  
 519
1875
  
 525
1885
  
 499
1895
  
 496
1905
  
 505
1910
  
 482
1925
  
 443
1939
  
 446
1946
  
 708
1950
  
 676
1956
  
 524
1961
  
 496
1967
  
 463
1970
  
 451
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2003
  
 413
2011
  
 402
2016
  
 396
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

religion

Evangelical parish

The origin of the parish of Crainfeld can be traced back to the founding of a church in Creinfelt , mentioned in a document in 1011 . During the Middle Ages, the parish of Crainfeld, with 16 branch villages, was the largest in the high Vogelsberg. In 1524 the villages around Nieder-Moos in the area of ​​the barons of Riedesel zu Eisenbach were separated from the mother church in Crainfeld, which was on Hessian territory. From then on the parish consisted only of Crainfeld, Grebenhain, Crainfeld and Ilbeshausen. Vaitshain was added again in 1920 after Ilbeshausen had already been separated as a separate parish in 1728.

On November 14, 1527, the previous Catholic pastor of Crainfeld was deposed by the Hessian superintendent of Alsfeld and replaced by a Protestant clergyman, which introduced the Reformation in the parish of Crainfeld. However, Crainfeld was never purely Protestant, as there was a very important Jewish community at times until 1938 and after 1945 numerous Catholic expellees came to the village.

The Protestant cemetery was originally located as a churchyard around the parish church in the middle of the village. It was not until 1825 that today's cemetery was created on the northern outskirts.

Jewish community

Jewish cemetery near Crainfeld

For the first time, three Jewish residents of Crainfeld are mentioned in a war damage register from 1625. In 1886 Crainfeld finally had 118 citizens of the Jewish faith with a population of 518. In the period that followed, their number decreased. When the Nazi dictatorship began , 15 Jewish families still lived in the village. They lived mainly from the cattle trade or ran a shop and thus contributed not insignificantly to the economic importance of Crainfeld for the surrounding area.

After an existing private house not far from the Edelhof was converted into a synagogue in 1842, a new synagogue was built in the same place in 1885. A mikveh was built in 1879 . The Jewish cemetery northeast of the village has existed since the beginning of the 19th century .

After 1933, the local Jewish families found themselves increasingly exposed to reprisals by local National Socialists and economic boycott measures, so that they gradually left the place and, in particular, emigrated to Frankfurt am Main or emigrated. During the November pogroms in 1938 , the synagogue was devastated by SA men and the two remaining houses of Jewish families were plundered. The last Jewish residents then left Crainfeld. The synagogue, which was sold to a non-Jewish private citizen, was demolished in 1951.

25 Jewish people who were born in Crainfeld or who had lived in the village were murdered in the Holocaust .

politics

Mayor

The mayor of Crainfeld is Bernd Schneider (as of 2016).

coat of arms

On December 23, 1952, the Hessian Ministry of the Interior gave the municipality of Crainfeld the right to use its own municipal coat of arms.

Coat of arms of Crainfeld
 Blazon : "In a red shield a silver rafter, accompanied by three six-pointed silver stars."
Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms is in the Hessian state colors red and white and goes back to the genealogist Hermann Knodt, senior pastor in Bad Nauheim , and was first used in 1912 on the title page of the history sheets for the Lauterbach district . The historical model was a coat of arms seal of the Gelnhausen patrician Johann von Crainfeld from 1327. The origin of this family was traced back to the place Crainfeld in Vogelsberg by Knodt.

The coat of arms of the former municipality of Crainfeld is still used today by local associations.

Culture and sights

societies

The following clubs and associations exist in Crainfeld today (year of foundation in brackets):

Buildings

Tower of the Evangelical Church in Crainfeld

Evangelical parish church

The Crainfeld Church is the oldest building in the village. A church dedicated to St. Ulrich was built as early as 1011 . The oldest part of the church today is the Romanesque font. In 1342 an altar dedicated to St. Nicholas is mentioned. Since the Reformation, the patronage of the church has had no meaning.

After 1300, the nave, the choir and the sacristy were built with a Gothic vaulted ceiling. When Crainfeld was looted and destroyed on June 1, 1622, the church was burned down and rebuilt in a somewhat simplified form with a flat ceiling in 1625–1629. The interior probably goes back to a renovation carried out in 1667. In 1858 the medieval church tower was demolished because it was dilapidated and a slender neo-Gothic tower 48 meters high was built in its place , which as a Vogelsberg pencil is a landmark that can be seen from afar. A restoration of the nave followed by 1865, combined with the demolition of the medieval sacristy. The current design of the interior is essentially based on a renovation carried out in 1934.

The four bells in the church tower date from 1627, 1775, 1799 and 1991. An organ has been in the church since 1666. The current one, the fourth in total, has been in service since 1990.

The old Crainfeld cemetery was located around the church until 1825.

Edelhof , built in 1685

Edelhof

In the center of the village opposite the church is the former residential and office building of the high school clerks of the Crainfeld court, the Edelhof . In 1685, the then mayor Heinrich Christoph Ellenberger had the splendid half-timbered house built , probably instead of a previous building. It is attributed to the carpenter Hans Muth.

Until 1826, the house was owned by the Ellenberger family and their descendants. Many of the carvings, such as B. a Justitia , still today indicate the office exercised by the owners. In addition to the Teufelsmühle in Ilbeshausen (built in 1691), which is attributed to the same carpenter, the Edelhof is one of the most important half-timbered buildings in Upper Hesse and has been a listed building since 1904 .

Jewish Cemetery

The Jewish cemetery north of the village above the road to Bannerod is the last visible reminder of the former Jewish community today. It was probably created in the early 19th century and expanded in 1858. The cemetery still includes 75 tombstones and grave sites. The last burial took place in 1937.

Historic town center

With regard to Crainfeld, it has only been possible to speak of a historical town center as such since the early 1990s, when a differentiation between old and new settlement areas occurred due to the designation of new building areas.

The town center has historically, in contrast to the usual clustered villages in the area, the shape of a street village . In the regional plan of Central Hesse , Crainfeld is highlighted as a district with a culturally and historically valuable settlement substance. Despite some substantial modernization and building sins since 1960, the townscape is still characterized by many half-timbered houses from the early 18th to early 20th centuries. The predominant type of house among them is the Vogelsberger Einhaus . The house at Nebenstrasse 1 from 1712 opposite the Edelhof with rich ornamental compartments is particularly noteworthy. The rectory below the church, which is also worth seeing, dates from 1768.

Economy and Infrastructure

Crainfeld around 1930

The economic development of Crainfeld was mainly influenced by its convenient location at the intersection of two medieval trade routes, the left Nidderstrasse and the Weinstrasse , its function as a court seat and parish village, and the settlement of a Jewish community. After the construction of today's B 275 between 1831 and 1857, Grebenhain gradually displaced it in its importance, but today there is still a larger number of commercial operations than in most of the other districts of the greater Grebenhain community.

In addition to agriculture, which prevailed until after the Second World War, as in other Vogelsberg villages, an above-average number of craftsmen and traders were based in Crainfeld. In 1933 the economic structure of the local population was divided into 65.7% agriculture and forestry, 16.7% industry and handicrafts and 9.3% trade and transport. Among the trades, the carpenters should be mentioned, of which the Flach carpenter's workshop has been a family business since 1852. Before 1933, Crainfeld was a local center of the cattle trade, which was practiced exclusively by local Jewish citizens who, with one exception, also ran all of the shops in town.

The farms were half-timbered houses in the form of the Vogelsberger Einhaus typical of the region . Around 1930 there were 60 full-time businesses in the current sense. Before 1945 there were three inns in Crainfeld, of which the current Vogelsberger Hof still exists today. However, the last of the three Crainfeld mills ceased operations in 1915.

From the 1950s onwards, Crainfeld gradually took on the characteristics of a commuter residence , but due to the local businesses it is still not a pure sleeping village like other places in the area. However, agriculture has almost completely disappeared, as in the course of structural change almost all farms were gradually given up. Today there are still two restaurants, two butchers, two shops, a carpenter's shop, a carpentry shop, a roofer and a plumber. However, many local residents also commute to work in Grebenhain or neighboring communities.

Wind farm

Wind turbine on the Maienberg

On the 503 m high Maienberg east of the village, a wind farm with four was in December 1995 wind turbines of the type Micon M1500-600 commissioned. With a nominal output of 600 kW each , which was usual at the time of construction , these systems from the Danish manufacturer Micon, which no longer exists, are now among the less powerful types and are no longer in production. The wind farm was built by the Ventus investment company in Wiesbaden . The project planning was carried out by EnerSys GmbH , founded in Osnabrück in 1994 and later active worldwide in the development and operation of wind farms , which has been part of wpd AG since 2006 .

traffic

Crainfeld is connected to the neighboring Grebenhain via Kreisstraße 100 and is therefore easy to reach from Bundesstraße 275 . North of the village also runs the state road 3178 from Grebenhain to Freiensteinau .

Since 2000, the Vulkanradweg has been created on the route of the former Oberwaldbahn , which is now part of the supra-regional BahnRadweg Hessen .

Personalities

literature

  • Hermann Knodt: History of the parish of Crainfeld 1020–1920 , Lauterbach 1920
  • Friedrich Müller: Crainfeld. A contribution to its history. Ein Heimatbuch 885–1985 , Giessen 1987
  • Literature on Crainfeld in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Crainfeld  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Crainfeld, Vogelsberg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b c Information on the districts. In: Website of the municipality of Grebenhain. Retrieved January 21, 2018 .
  3. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 50 ( online at google books ).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 368 .
  5. ^ Administrative history of the State of Hesse with M. Rademacher, German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990
  6. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Martin Röhling: Niddaer Geschichtsblätter. Issue 9 . The story of the Counts of Nidda and the Counts of Ziegenhain. Ed .: Niddaer Heimatmuseum e. V. Im Selbstverlag, 2005, ISBN 3-9803915-9-0 , p. 115 .
  8. ^ The affiliation of the Nidda office based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hesse : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604-1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567-1866 .
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 13 ff ., § 26 point d) IX. ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  203 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 9 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  272 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 420 ( online at Google Books ).
  14. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 262 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  15. ↑ Law on the repeal of the provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen from April 1, 1937 . In: The Reichsstatthalter in Hessen Sprengler (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1937 no.  8 , p. 121 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 11.2 MB ]).
  16. ↑ Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of Justice: Announcement concerning changes in the district division of the Altenschlirf and Schotten regional courts . From March 22, 1849. In: Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette . No. 1849/18 , p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  17. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  18. ^ Order of the President of the Higher Regional Court in Darmstadt from June 29, 1943 - 3200 - Subject: Establishment of the Herbstein branch of the Lauterbach local court and the Altenstadt branch of the Ortenberg local court
  19. ↑ Law on Measures in the Field of Court Organization (Section 2) of March 6, 1957 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1957 no. 5 , p. 16 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  20. ^ Organization of the courts (abolition of the Herbstein branch of the Lauterbach local court and the Ulrichstein branch of the Schotten local court) (item 755) dated June 11, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 27 , p. 1010 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Amendment to the Court Organization Act of December 20, 2004 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2004 No. 24 , p. 507–508 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,4 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Fourth ordinance on the adaptation of organizational regulations in the courts. Art. 1, § 4, Paragraph 1 (GVBl. I p. 552) of December 29, 2004 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2004 No. 25 , p. 552 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
  23. ^ Fifth ordinance amending the judicial jurisdiction ordinance Justice. (Article 1, Paragraph 2. aa)) of December 9, 2010 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2010 No. 25 , p. 709 f . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 148 kB ]). Refers to the ordinance on judicial competences in the area of ​​the Ministry of Justice (Judicial Competency Ordinance Justiz) (GVBl. II 210-98) of October 26, 2008 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2008 No. 17 , p. 822 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 116 kB ]).
  24. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  222 ff . ( Online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  25. ↑ Housing spaces 1867 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 120 ( online at google books ).
  26. ↑ Residential places 1875 . In: Grossherzogliche Centralstelle für die Landesstatistik (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 12 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1877, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730484 , p. 17 ( online at google books ).
  27. ↑ Timeline of the history of Crainfeld. In: Chronicle of Crainfeld. Retrieved January 20, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  29. ↑ Approval for the use of a coat of arms for the community of Crainfeld in the Lauterbach district, Darmstadt administrative district (point 25) from December 23, 1952 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1953 No. 2 , p. 11 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 3.7 MB ]).
  30. ↑ wpd - references wind