Brombach (Fürth in the Odenwald)

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Brombach
community Fuerth
Coordinates: 49 ° 39 ′ 49 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 43 ″  E
Height : 331 m above sea level NHN
Area : 1.77 km²
Residents : 56
Population density : 32 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st October 1971
Postal code : 64658
Area code : 06253

With around 50 inhabitants, Brombach is the smallest district of the municipality of Fürth in the Odenwald in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Brombach is located on the creek of the same name, a left, southern tributary of the Weschnitz in the Vorderen Odenwald, northeast of the core community of Fürth. The place consists of a handful of agricultural farms, which are scattered over the entire length of the valley, from the source area to the mouth for almost two kilometers. At the lower end of the valley, some residential buildings have also been built. The district essentially comprises the Brombachtal and the small area north of it to the Weschnitz. Except for the valley areas, the area is predominantly forested. The highest point, the 485 meter high Erzberg , lies on the southwest boundary of the district.

The closest localities are Krumbach in the west, Kröckelbach in the southwest, and, a little further away, Gumpen in the north and Weschnitz in the east.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Brombach originated in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch monastery, in whose area Brombach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The village is mentioned for the first time around 1100 as Branbach superior et inferior in the Lorsch Codex , a list of goods belonging to the monastery. During this time, three hubs in Ober-Branbach and four hubs in Nieder-Branbacj were mentioned which either belonged to the Lorsch monastery or to the courtyard of the Lorsch monastery in Fürth ( villicatio Fürth ). In a border description of the Lorsch monastery, Arezgreften (ore mines) on the Erzberg are mentioned as early as 773 , the relics of which can be found on the upper Brombach at the foot of the mountain. Thus, the Brombach district is one of the earliest documented locations of mining and metallurgy in the Odenwald .

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Brombach belonged. The Zent Fürth , to which Brombach also belonged, developed as a court and subordinate administrative unit , the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1613. The "Zent Fürth" was one of the few Zenten that were also allowed to exercise the high jurisdiction (including blood jurisdiction ). Brombach was a branch of the parish in Fürth and belonged to the Bensheimer (also Bergstrasse) regional chapter .

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

In the course of the Thirty Years War , the place came under Kurmainzische rule again. In the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the return of the pledged areas to Kurmainz was established. The place became a branch of the Catholic parish of Fürth of the Bensheimer Landkapitels .

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The Zente Abtsteinach , Mörlenbach and Fürth where Brombach was who were Amtsvogtei Fürth subordinated and had to give up their powers largely. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Brombach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Brombach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the " Zent Fürth " and the associated regional court had finally lost its function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, describes Brombach as part of the "Zent Fürth" in 1812:

»Brombach (formerly Ober and Unterbrombach) a hamlet of 5 (formerly 6 Huben) with 9 apartments. and 74 souls. It is ½ hour from Furth an der Weschnitz, where there is also a mill. The Lords of Gemmingen have inheritance assets themselves. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district districts were introduced, with Brombach becoming part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Krumbach was also responsible for Brombach, Kräckelbach and Weschnitz . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Brombach in 1829:

»Brombach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Branch village; is on the Weschnitz, 1 1 ⁄ 2   St. from Lindenfels and 1 ⁄ 2  St. from Fürth and has 11 houses and 82 inhabitants, up to 7 Luth. and 1 reform. are catholic. There are 7 farmers, 5 artisans and 2 day laborers among the inhabitants. The place includes 1 grinding mill and 1 oil mill. Brombach used to be divided into Ober- and Unterbrombach. The village was Mainz and came to Hessen in 1802 «

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Brombach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

»Brombach b. Lindenfels. - Village, belonging to the Catholic parish church of Fürth. - 11 H., 72 E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Furth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village has 2 grinding and 1 oil mill in its vicinity. It used to be divided into Oberbrombach and Unterbrombach, and came to Hesse from Mainz in 1802. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Brombach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Brombach: A Catholic branch village on the Weschnitz with 59 inhabitants and two mills. The district consisted of 707 acres , of which 255 acres were arable land, 118 acres were meadows and 320 acres were forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the branch village Brombach with the mayor's office in Krumbach, 7 houses, 69 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant parish Hammelbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish of Fürth des Deanery Heppenheim, indicated.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Brombach into the Heppenheim district .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Brombach also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 and 1946 show, Brombach also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 177  hectares , 90 hectares of which were forest.

In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Brombach joined the municipality of Fürth on October 1, 1971 at the same time as Krumbach and Kröckelbach . For Brombach, as for all municipalities incorporated into Fürth, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up.

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Fürth office was responsible for Brombach . From 1813 the newly formed Justice Office in Fürth was the first instance. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Brombach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 76 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1812: 74 inhabitants, 9 houses
• 1829: 82 inhabitants, 11 houses
• 1867: 69 inhabitants, 7 houses
Brombach: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 76
1812
  
 74
1829
  
 82
1834
  
 94
1840
  
 92
1846
  
 60
1852
  
 59
1858
  
 57
1864
  
 71
1871
  
 68
1875
  
 80
1885
  
 70
1895
  
 61
1905
  
 67
1910
  
 67
1925
  
 54
1939
  
 62
1946
  
 94
1950
  
 72
1956
  
 64
1961
  
 56
1967
  
 60
1970
  
 65
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 51
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 7 Lutheran (= 8.53%), one Reformed (= 1.22%), and 74 Catholic (= 90.24%) residents
• 1961: No Protestant , 56 Catholic (= 100.00%) residents

politics

For Brombach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Brombach) with a local advisory board and a local mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of five members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had five CDU members . The head of the village is Werner Knapp.

traffic

For about local traffic Brombach is the north of the Weschnitz along leading when Siegfriedstraße known national highway 460 opened up by the local road at Brombach branches in the valley.

literature

  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1 October 1829
  • Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( online at google books )
  • Otto Wagner: Heimatbuch Fürth i. Odw: with the districts of Fürth, Brombach, Ellenbach, Erlenbach, Fahrenbach, Kröckelbach, Krumbach, Linnenbach, Lörzenbach, Seidenbach, Steinbach, Weschnitz. Fürth i. Odw. 1994, ISBN 3-7657-1110-1
  • Literature on Brombach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Brombach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Brombach. In: website. Fürth community, accessed in January 2019 .
  3. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 96 .
  4. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 45 ( online at google books ).
  5. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 248 ( online at google books ).
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 30 ( online at google books ).
  10. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 203 ( online at google books ).
  11. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  12. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  14. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 340 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 16 ( online at google books ).
  16. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  18. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  19. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 348 .
  20. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 349 kB) §; 5. In: Website. Fürth community, accessed January 2020 .
  21. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  22. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  23. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  24. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  25. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  26. ^ Brombach local advisory board. In: Votemanager. Accessed January 2020 .