Weschnitz (Fürth in the Odenwald)

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Weschnitz
community Fuerth
Weschnitz coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 39 ′ 32 "  N , 8 ° 50 ′ 26"  E
Height : 334 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.36 km²
Residents : 267
Population density : 113 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 64658
Area code : 06253

Weschnitz is a district of the municipality of Fürth in the Odenwald in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . In the west of the district, on the Weschnitz, lies the hamlet of Leberbach .

Geographical location

Weschnitz is located in the Vorderen Odenwald in the valley of the upper Weschnitz , where it changes its northern direction of flow to the west in order to break through in a narrow notch valley through the Tromm- Odenwald towards the core community of Fürth. At the same time, Weschnitz lies on a low threshold, which represents the watershed between Weschnitz and Gersprenz , as the source of the Osterbach , the right source creek of the Gersprenz, rises just east of Weschnitz in the Fürth Centwald forest . The district extends from the hamlet of Leberbach an der Weschnitz in the west to the Walburgis Chapel on a 460 meter high wooded rock outcrop on the border with the Fürth Centwald in the east. The highest point of the district is 490 meters above sea level on the border to Hammelbach in the southeast. In the northwest, the district includes a strip of forest that extends as far as the summit of the 478 meter high Stotz . Except for the valley locations near the village, the area is predominantly wooded.

The closest localities are Ober-Easter in the north, with which Weschnitz has grown together, Erzbach in the northeast, Gras-Ellenbach in the southeast, Hammelbach in the south and Brombach , Krumbach and Kröckelbach in the west.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Weschnitz originated in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim", which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Weschnitz was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The first known documentary mention of Weschnitz took place with the name Wisgoz around 1200 in the Lorsch Codex , an inventory of the monastery, where seven hubs that belonged to the courtyard of the Lorsch monastery in Fürth ( villicatio Fürth ) are named. Another mention is Weschnitz 1405 when the archbishop of Mainz Johann the Schenk Eberhard of Erbach with a yard belehnte . In the Middle Ages, an iron ore mine was operated in the district, which was first mentioned in 1546 and was still in operation in 1701.

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who also administered the "Office Starkenburg" , to which Weschnitz belonged. The Fürth district developed as a court and subordinate administrative unit, the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1613 and in which Weschnitz was also mentioned. The "Zent Fürth" was one of the few Zenten that were also allowed to exercise the high jurisdiction (including blood jurisdiction ). Weschnitz was a branch of the parish in Fürth and belonged to the Bensheimer (also Bergstrasse) regional chapter .

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the “Catholic League” conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainz. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established. The place became a branch of the Catholic parish of Fürth of the Bensheimer Landkapitels .

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The Absteinach , Mörlenbach and Fürth centers, in which Weschnitz was located, were subordinated to the Fürth district bailiff and had to largely surrender their powers. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Weschnitz becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Weschnitz also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or the church history of the Upper Rhinegau, describes Weschnitz as a place of the " Zent Fürth " in 1812 :

"Weschnitz ( Wiscotz ) a village not far from the origin of the Weschnitz, with a mill, and contains 10 residential buildings with 108 selenium in 5 hubs (previously 7)."

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Weschnitz joining the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Krumbach was also responsible for Weschnitz, Brombach and Kröckelbach . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Weschnitz in 1829:

»Weschnitz (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Branch village; is 1 3 ⁄ 4  St. from Lindenfels, not far from the Weschnitz springs, has 15 houses and 137 inhabitants, the other than 17 Luth. and 6 reform. cath. and among which there are 8 farmers, 10 artisans and 5 day laborers. The place that used to be called Wiscoatz has a grinding mill, and on a hill there is a small chapel of the h. Walpurgis consecrated, which the Pope Innocent XII. in 1694 granted a complete indulgence, which in 1704 by Clemens XI. was renewed. The chapel from which the hill was named Walpurgisberg is said to have been a wonderful place and visited by many pilgrims. In 1662 there was still an iron mine in the area. The place came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Weschnitz now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

In the newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 there are entries about Weschnitz and Leberbach:

“Weschnitz near Lindenfels. - village, for evangel. Parish Hammelbach, resp. katbol. Parish of Fürth. - 15 H. 137 (mostly Catholic) E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Weschnitz, not far from the Weschnitz spring, has a grinding mill, and on a hill there is a small chapel, the Heil. Dedicated to Walpurgis. - Until 1802 the place was Mainzisch. - The village includes the single house, called Neu-Lechtern, 8 houses in the Leberbach and 2 houses in the Stockacker. "

»Leberbach, in the, b. Weschnitz. - Individual houses belonging to the Catholic parish church in Fürth. - 6 H. 46 E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Fürth district court. - Hofger. Darmstadt. - The village of Leberbach consists of several houses, scattered in a valley. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Weschnitz became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Weschnitz: Catholic branch village with 127 inhabitants, a mill and the farm Neulechtern. The district consists of 941 acres , including 286 acres of arable land, 157 acres of meadows and 487 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Weschnitz branch with the mayor's office in Krumbach, 12 houses, 77 residents, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Lutheran parish Hammelbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish of Fürth des Deanery Heppenheim, indicated. This includes the hamlet of Leberbach with 11 houses and 63 inhabitants.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Weschnitz into the Heppenheim district .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Weschnitz also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 and 1946 show, Weschnitz also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 236  ha , 124 ha of which were forest.

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Weschnitz joined forces with Ellenbach on December 31, 1970 to join the municipality of Fürth. For Weschnitz, as for all municipalities incorporated into Fürth, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up according to the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Fürth office was responsible for driving bach . From 1813 the newly formed Justice Office in Fürth was the first instance. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Weschnitz was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 091 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1812: 108 souls, 5 hubs with 10 residential buildings
• 1829: 137 inhabitants, 15 houses
• 1867: 140 inhabitants, 23 houses
Weschnitz: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 91
1812
  
 108
1829
  
 137
1834
  
 135
1840
  
 145
1846
  
 159
1852
  
 127
1858
  
 150
1864
  
 142
1871
  
 148
1875
  
 149
1885
  
 145
1895
  
 158
1905
  
 152
1910
  
 169
1925
  
 145
1939
  
 143
1946
  
 206
1950
  
 188
1956
  
 164
1961
  
 158
1967
  
 181
1970
  
 217
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 252
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 17 Lutheran (= 12.41%), 6 Reformed (= 4.38%) and 114 Catholic (= 83.21%) residents
• 1961: 37 Protestant (= 23.42%), 120 Catholic (= 75.95%) residents

politics

Local advisory board

There is a local district for Weschnitz (areas of the former municipality of Weschnitz) with a local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of five members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had two members of the SPD , two members of the CDU and one member of the Free Voters (FWG). The head of the village is Andrea Ludwig (CDU).

coat of arms

On June 28, 1966, the Weschnitz community was given a coat of arms.

Blazon : "In a shield split by silver and red, a double cross in mistaken tincture over a blue three-mountain with crossed silver mine emblems over a silver wavy band."

Transport, infrastructure and sights

Walburgis Chapel Fürth-Weschnitz

Weschnitz lies on both sides of the Bundesstraße 460 , known as Siegfriedstraße , which connects the place with the core community of Fürth and Heppenheim (Bergstraße) in the west and in the east over the crossroads into the southern Odenwaldkreis , into the Mümlingtal and to Erbach (Odenwald) in the east. In the local area, the state road L 3346 branches off to the south and leads via Hammelbach after Wahlen . At the same point, the district road K 52 branches off to the north and leads via Ober-Easter to Unter-Easter .

On the edge of Weschnitz, on a hill, is the Walburgis Chapel, known as a hiking destination. Every year on May 1st, a church service is held here, which is attended by many Christians from the Weschnitz Valley and Bergstrasse. The chapel was mentioned as early as 1694 when Pope Innocent XII. the chapel granted an indulgence .

literature

  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg. Volume 1, October 1829
  • Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( online at google books )
  • Otto Wagner: Heimatbuch Fürth i. Odw: with the districts of Fürth, Brombach, Ellenbach, Erlenbach, Fahrenbach, Kröckelbach, Krumbach, Linnenbach, Lörzenbach, Seidenbach, Steinbach, Weschnitz. Fürth i. Odw. 1994, ISBN 3-7657-1110-1
  • Literature about Weschnitz in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Weschnitz, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Weschnitz. In: website. Fürth community, accessed in January 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 747 f .
  4. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 45 ( online at google books ).
  5. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 242 ( online at google books ).
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 258 ( online at google books ).
  10. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 771 ( online at google books ).
  11. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 25 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  13. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 351 ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 9 ( online at google books ).
  17. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  19. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  20. ↑ Incorporation of the municipalities of Weschnitz and Ellenbach into the municipality of Fürth in the Bergstrasse district on January 5, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 3 , p. 110 , point 144 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  21. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 349 kB) §; 5. In: Website. Fürth community, accessed January 2020 .
  22. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  23. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  24. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  25. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  26. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  27. ^ Weschnitz local advisory board. In: Votemanager. Accessed January 2020 .
  28. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Weschnitz, district Bergstrasse, administrative district Darmstadt from June 28, 1966 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1966 No. 28 , p. 907 , point 654 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.3 MB ]).
  29. ↑ Walburgis Chapel. In: website. Fürth community, accessed January 2020 .