Steinbach (Fürth in the Odenwald)

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Steinbach
community Fuerth
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 35 "  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 50"  E
Height : 245 m above sea level NHN
Area : 97 ha
Residents : 387
Population density : 399 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1970
Postal code : 64658
Area code : 06253
Steinbach in the Odenwald
Steinbach in the Odenwald

Steinbach , also known as Steinbach (Bergstrasse) , is a district of the municipality of Fürth in the Odenwald in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

The Wagenberg near Steinbach
The Odenwald near Steinbach

Steinbach is located on the creek of the same name, a left southeast tributary of the Weschnitz in the Vorderen Odenwald and in the southeast of the nearby core municipality of Fürth. The small district is surrounded on three sides, from the west, north and south, by the district of the core municipality of Fürth. In the east it reaches just over the tree line at the foot of the 536-meter-high Wagenberg and in the west to the Scheppel , an approximately 280-meter-high ridge , which the Steinbach deviates in the locality with a V-shaped loop to the south and the quasi between the village and the core municipality.

The closest localities are the core community of Fürth in the northwest, with which Steinbach has almost grown together, Kröckelbach in the north, Hammelbach in the east, Rimbach- Mitte in the southwest and Fahrenbach in the west.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Steinbach originated in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim" which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Steinbach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The first known documentary mention of Steinbach took place around 1100 in the Lorsch Codex , a list of goods belonging to the monastery, when Steinbach belonged to the courtyard of the Lorsch monastery in Fürth ( villicatio Fürth ) and from where the tithe was drawn.

In 1267, a burgrave is mentioned for the first time on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim), who also administered the “Office Starkenburg” , to which Steinbach belonged. The Zent Fürth developed as a court and subordinate administrative unit, the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1613. The "Zent Fürth" was one of the few Zenten that were also allowed to exercise the high jurisdiction (including blood jurisdiction ). Steinbach was a branch of the parish in Fürth and belonged to the Bensheimer (also Bergstrasse) regional chapter .

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch".

In the course of the Thirty Years War , the place came under Kurmainzische rule again. In the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the return of the pledged areas to Kurmainz was established. The place became a branch of the Catholic parish of Fürth of the Bensheimer Landkapitels .

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The Zente Absteinach , Mörlenbach and Fürth, was in Steinbach, who were Amtsvogtei Fürth subordinated and had to give up their powers largely. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Steinbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Steinbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the " Zent Fürth " and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

In 1812 Konrad Dahl reported in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, about Steinbach as the place of the "Zent Fürth":

»Steinbach, a hamlet of 6 Huben with 7 houses and 67 souls, also close to Fürth. The lords of Wambold own there 4½ hubs as a fief , as well as two thirds of the toe. The remaining third part goes to the administration in Heidelberg. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district districts were introduced, with Steinbach joining the district of Lindenfels . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Fürth was also responsible for Altlechtern, Fahrenbach , Lörzenbach and Steinbach. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Steinbach in 1829:

»Steinbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Branch village; is 1 3 ⁄ 4   St. von Lindenfels, and has 10 houses and 106 inhabitants, the except 17 Luth. and 1 reform. are catholic. Among these are 9 farmers, 7 handicrafts and 4 day laborers. In 1802 the town came from Mainz to Hesse. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised so that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Steinbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Steinbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

»Steinbach b. Lindenfels. - Village, to reform. Parish in Lindenfels, resp. Lutheran parish of Rimbach and Catholic parish of Fürth. - 10 H. 106 (mostly Catholic) E. - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Landger. Furth - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Steinbach passed from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Steinbach: A Catholic branch village with 112 inhabitants. The district consisted of 388 acres , of which 261 acres were arable land, 79 acres of meadows and 37 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, for the Filialdorf Steinbach with the mayor's office in Fürth, 15 houses, 142 inhabitants, the district of Lindenfels, the district court of Fürth, the Reformation parish Lindenfels and Lutheran parish Rimbach of the Dean's Office Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Fürth of the dean's office in Heppenheim.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Steinbach into the Heppenheim district .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Steinbach also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Steinbach also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the district size was given as 97  hectares , of which 23 hectares were forest.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the community voluntarily joined the community of Fürth on July 1, 1970 at the same time as Fahrenbach and Lörzenbach . For Steinbach, as for all municipalities incorporated into Fürth, a local district with a local advisory council and local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Fürth office was responsible for driving bach . From 1813 the newly formed Justice Office in Fürth was the first instance. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Steinbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 067 inhabitants, 9 houses
• 1812: 067 souls, 6 hubs with 7 houses
• 1829: 106 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1867: 142 inhabitants, 15 houses
Steinbach: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 67
1812
  
 67
1829
  
 106
1834
  
 97
1840
  
 110
1846
  
 128
1852
  
 112
1858
  
 123
1864
  
 131
1871
  
 133
1875
  
 147
1885
  
 127
1895
  
 129
1905
  
 130
1910
  
 126
1925
  
 134
1939
  
 130
1946
  
 177
1950
  
 186
1956
  
 164
1961
  
 196
1967
  
 239
1970
  
 253
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 376
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 17 Lutheran (= 16.04%), one Reformed (= 0.94%) and 88 Catholic (= 93.02%) residents Mennonite
• 1961: 29 Protestant (= 14.80%), 167 Catholic (= 85.20%) residents

politics

There is a local district for Steinbach (areas of the former municipality of Steinbach and some parcels of land in the Fürth district) with a local advisory board and local head according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of five members. Since the local elections in 2016, he has had two members of the CDU , one member of the Free Voters (FWG) and two members of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen . Mayor is Karl Bauer (Greens).

traffic

For about local traffic Steinbach is from the core town by the district road opened K 25 where they from as Siegfriedstraße known national road 460 branches. The district road ends at the end of the village. From here a forest path leads along the Steinbach and the northern flank of the Wagenberg to a 480 meter high transition to Hammelbach im Überwald .

literature

  • Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1 , October 1829
  • Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( online at google books )
  • Otto Wagner: Heimatbuch Fürth i. Odw: with the districts of Fürth, Brombach, Ellenbach, Erlenbach, Fahrenbach, Kröckelbach, Krumbach, Linnenbach, Lörzenbach, Seidenbach, Steinbach, Weschnitz. Fürth i. Odw. 1994, ISBN 3-7657-1110-1
  • Literature on Steinbach in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Steinbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Steinbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Steinbach. In: website. Fürth community, accessed in January 2019 .
  3. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 690 .
  4. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 45 ( online at google books ).
  5. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ( online at google books ).
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 242 ( online at google books ).
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 240 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  11. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  12. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 603 ( online at google books ).
  13. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 350 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 84 ( online at google books ).
  15. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  16. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  17. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Incorporation of the communities of Fahrenbach, Lörzenbach and Steinbach into the community of Fürth, Bergstrasse district on June 11, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 26 , p. 1300 , point 1224 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 7.6 MB ]).
  19. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 349 kB) §; 5. In: Website. Fürth community, accessed January 2020 .
  20. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  21. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  22. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  23. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  24. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  25. ↑ Local Advisory Board Steinbach. In: Votemanager. Accessed January 2020 .