elision
The elision ( Latin ēlīdere , knock out ',' push out ') or also deletion denotes the omission of one or more mostly unstressed sounds . In orthography it is occasionally identified by an apostrophe as an ellipsis (example: by the → through's). A melting word can also arise from two words through elions (example: through → through).
Phonology
For linguistic reasons, unstressed sounds are often left out when speaking. An example in German is the e- Schwa , d. H. the unstressed e of the last word syllable (e.g. “I give” instead of “I give”). Whole syllables and even stressed syllables can also be elided (e.g. “ne” instead of “an”).
Elections can lead to sound changes. One example is girl who grew out of maids .
The sound change first shows itself in the colloquial forms, e.g. B. colloquial nich (for standard language not ), is (for is ) or has (for have ). A sentence like “Do you ever have a euro?” Becomes colloquially to “Hast d'mal'n Euro?” Or “Has'ma'n Euro?”.
In some languages, such as Italian or French , the elision often involves unstressed final vowels that are deleted to avoid a hiatus . The omitted vowel is marked by an apostrophe (e.g. Italian l'amico for lo amico , nessun'altra for nessuna altra ). In colloquial French there are also elisions before consonants: je m'appelle Marc becomes j'm'appelle Marc , je suis becomes j'suis .
The elision should not be confused with the apocope ( troncamento in Italian). They differ in that the apocopes also affect whole syllables and can appear before a consonant (e.g. un gran paese for un grande paese ).
Metric
In the seal elision is as style agent used to the number of syllables in a verse to decrease and the meter maintain.
- "The I called, the spirits / expectant I no go" ( Goethe , The Sorcerer's Apprentice )
- "Does your own face attract you / not here in eternal dew?" (Goethe, Der Fischer )
In Latin poetry, a hiatus is often avoided by elision. A hiatus is usually the meeting of two vowels across the syllable or word boundary. Avoidance of hiatal can also occur if the first word ends in m :
- horrendum informe → horrendum informe
- quantum erat → quanterat
The elision that is not marked in the typeface is not limited to ancient texts, so in today's Italian , often confusing for the non-native speaker, elision is carried out, for example:
- ove olezzano tepide e molli → ov'olezzano tepid'e molli ( Verdi , from Va, pensiero )
- bello, bello e impossibile con gli occhi neri e il tuo sapor mediorientale → bello, bell'e impossibile con gl'occhi neri e'l two sapor medjorjentale ( Gianna Nannini )
See also
- Prokopě (According eliminating the letters)
- Syncope (no sound within the word)
- Apocope (no sound at the end of a word)
- Haplology (dropping out of sounds with repeated sounds or groups of sounds)
- Synaloiphe (vowel loop)
- Epenthesis (sound insert)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jörg Meibauer, Ulrike Demske, Jochen Geilfuß-Wolfgang, Jürgen Pafel von Metzler: Introduction to German linguistics. 2nd updated edition. Metzler, Stuttgart et al. 2007, ISBN 978-3-476-02141-0 , p. 98.
- ^ Marcello Sensini: La Grammatica della Lingua Italiana. 1. edizioni, ristampe. Con la collaborazione di Federico Roncoroni. Mondadori, Milan 2008, ISBN 978-88-04-46647-5 , p. 45.