Ruthenians
The Ruthenians (Latin: Rutheni , Sg.Ruthenus , Latinized from the ethnonym Rusyn / Rusin ) denotes East Slavic population groups who did not live under the sovereignty of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the resulting Russian Empire , but under that of its western neighbors.
12./13. century
The Principality of Galicia belonging to the Kievan Rus was founded in 1188 by King Bela III. occupied by Hungary . His son Andreas II , who was appointed governor, was crowned Rex Galiciae et Lodomiriae in 1205 and thus claimed hegemony over Halych-Volodymyr until his death in 1235 , mostly without effective control. From the middle of the 12th century, the strongest part of Russia was the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal (still principality of Rostov until 1125 ), while its prince Juri Dolgoruki was Grand Duke of Kiev for four years . The Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church resided in Kiev from the creation of this office in 1063 until he moved to Vladimir in 1299.
The oldest copy of the Hungarian founding chronicle originally written in the 12th century was made in the 13th century . These Gesta Hungarorum describe the history of the Magyars based on the circumstances in the 12th and 13th centuries: In the year 889 the Magyars under seven leading persons (persones principales) left the land of the Scythians to the west. One of these leaders, Duke Almus, had come to (or "one") a country in Russia called Susudal with all of his family. After that, however, they had advanced to the Ruthenian parts of the country (partes Rutenorum), got through to the city of Kiev without resistance , crossed the Dnieper river (fluvium Deneper transnavigando) and wanted to submit to the Ruthenian kingdom (regnum Rutenorum). This empire was ruled by dukes. After consultation with his primates, the Duke of Kiev called for the battle against Alamus.
1355 was a Rurik Prince of Halych-Volodymyr by a papal legate for Rex Rusiae ( "King of Russia") crowned.
15./16. Century to 1772
In the Middle Ages and the early modern period, the Ruthenians were initially the Slavs of the Greek Orthodox faith in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . A variant of the Russian languages developed as the lingua franca of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , which differed significantly from those of Moscow. These Ruthenian language is used today by Belarusians as old Belarusian considered and Ukrainians as old Ukrainian . In the wake of the political real union of Poland and Lithuania in the Lublin Union of 1569, the church union of Brest was concluded in 1596 . Thus, the Polish-Lithuanian subjects of the Ruthenian language continued to practice their Eastern church rite under the primacy of the Pope .
1771 to 1918
As a result of the partition of Poland , most of the Eastern Slavs in Poland-Lithuania came under the sovereignty of the Russian Empire . The regional cultures of Belarus and Ukraine developed there . The smaller part came to the Austrian crown land Galicia and Lodomeria , named after the principality of Halych-Volodymyr , which, however, also included the south of Malopolska . This population group were the Ruthenians in the Habsburg Empire .
20th and 21st centuries
At the latest with the end of the Habsburg Empire, its East Slav subjects mostly defined themselves as Ukrainians.
The East Slavic mixed population of the Northern Carpathians , distributed over Slovakia , Poland and the Ukraine , undoubtedly a part of the Ruthenians according to earlier definitions, is mostly referred to as Russians today.
Web links
supporting documents
- ↑ Ladislaus Juhász (ed.): GESTA HVNGARORVM p. 6, chap. 7 u. 8th