Theodoros Gabras the Younger

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Theodoros Gabras ( Middle Greek Θεόδωρος Γαβρᾶς ; † after 1208) was a Byzantine military commander who established himself as a quasi-autonomous ruler in Amisos after the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade .

Life

Theodoros Gabras was a member of the aristocratic family Gabras , which came from the subject of Chaldia and had been in control of the Pontic Black Sea coast, largely independently of Byzantium , since the reign of Emperor Alexios I (1081–1118) . After the army of the Fourth Crusade had smashed the Byzantine Empire in April 1204, the Dioiketes Gabras used the collapse of the central power to establish a quasi-autonomous rule in Amisos, which had recently been recaptured by the Seljuks . He soon came into conflict with the Großkomnenen of Trebizond under I. Alexios and David Komnenos ausgriffen energetically to the west, and the Latin Empire , which also laid claim to the strategically important port city. In 1208, Gabras finally accepted the suzerainty of the Nikaia Empire under Theodor I. Laskaris , who confirmed him as governor ( Dux ) .

literature

  • Ν [ίκος] Α [θανασίου] Βέης : Γαβρᾶς . In: Εγκυκλοπαιδικό λεξικό . Ελευθερουδάκης, Αθήνα 1927.
  • Anthony AM Bryer: The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontos. Variorum Reprints, London 1980, ISBN 0-86-078062-7 .
  • Jürgen Hoffmann: Rudiments of territorial states in the Byzantine Empire (1071-1210). Ars Una, Neuried 1974, ISBN 3-89391-396-3 , pp. 22-24, 82-84.
  • Alexis GC Savvides: Byzantium in the Near East: Its Relations with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor, the Armenians of Cilicia and the Mongols, AD c. 1192-1237 (= Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται . Vol. 17, ISSN  1106-6180 ). Κέντρον Βυζαντινών Ερευνών - ΑΠΘ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1981, pp. 60-61.
  • Alexis GC Savvides: Internal Strife and Unrest in Later Byzantium, XIth – XIIIth Centuries (AD 1025–1261). The Case of Urban and Provincial Insurrections (Causes and Effects). In: Σύμμεικτα KBE / EΙE. Vol. 7, 1987, ISSN  1105-1639 , pp. 237-273, here: p. 273.
  • Αλέξης Γ. Κ. Σαββίδης: Βυζαντινά στασιαστικά και αυτονομιστικά κινήματα στα Δωδεκάνησα και τη Μικρά Ασία , 1189-1240 μ.Χ .: Συμβολή στη μελέτη της υστεροβυζαντινής προσωπογραφίας και τοπογραφίας την εποχή των Αγγέλων , των Λασκαρίδων της Νίκαιας και των Μεγαλοκομνηνών του Πόντου . Δόμος, Αθήνα 1987, chap. 7th
  • Alexios G. Savvides, Benjamin Hendrickx (Eds.): Encyclopaedic Prosopographical Lexicon of Byzantine History and Civilization . Vol. 3: Faber Felix - Juwayni, Al- . Brepols Publishers, Turnhout 2012, ISBN 978-2-503-53243-1 , p. 38.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cf. Βέης, Γαβρᾶς , p. 667 (without citing the source). Anthony Bryer questions the existence of this character; he suspects a misinterpretation of a passage in Georgios Akropolites ( Chronicle , 7) between Theodoros of Philadelphia and Sabbas of Sampson . See Bryer, Empire , p. 46.
personal data
SURNAME Theodoros Gabras the Younger
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Theodoros Gabras; Θεόδωρος Γαβρᾶς (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION alleged Byzantine separatist in Amisos
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Amisos
DATE OF DEATH after 1208