Dioiketes

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The Dioiket , also Dioiketes ( Greek  διοικητής , from Greek  διοικέω , "manage an office" or διοίκησις "finance department, state budget") was the finance minister in Greco-Roman Egypt with an official seat in Alexandria .

The Dioiket in Ptolemaic Period

The highest civil servant in Ptolemaic Egypt was the Dioiket , who had his seat in Alexandria. He was the king's finance and interior minister . Its Egyptian forerunner was the snty (senti).

The Dioiket was primarily responsible for the general treasury ( Greek  βασιλικόν - basilikon ). Since the 2nd century BC There was a "private" royal treasury, the idios logos (Greek ἴδιος λόγος); This fund received its income from fines and abandoned or confiscated goods. It was administered by a special official, the ho pros tô idiô logô (Greek ὁ πρὸς τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ - "the one for the royal treasury [responsible]"), who was subordinate to the diocete. Among other things, the Dioiket was responsible for processing petitions to the King ( Enteuxeis ) and forwarding them to the courts, especially since the Chrematists (judges) were probably subordinate to the Dioiket.

The most famous dioiket of the Ptolemaic period was probably Apollonios (3rd century BC). His estates were managed by Zenon from Kaunos , whose archives have largely been preserved.

Likewise Dioiketen (probably the short form for Hypodioiketen , that is Unterdioiketen) called officials were in charge of the financial administration of several Gaue , but which in the 2nd century BC Were replaced by Hypodektai .

The Dioiket in Roman times

In Roman times, the highest financial administration fell to the Praefectus Aegypti . This shows that the office of procurator was not taken over by the Ptolemies . It is only since Hadrian that the Dioiket, a Roman knight , has been responsible for the financial administration again and also acts as a judge in financial matters. He also advised the Praefectus Aegypti on convent trips and represented the Iuridicus as judge. Another area of ​​responsibility of the dioikete was the review of the financial situation of the liturgists in Roman times (at that time the liturgy was practically a forced civil service, in which the owners were liable for any losses with their entire property). The Dioiket was also responsible for confiscations of property, their administration and auctioning. The Dioiket carries the rank predicate Greek  κράτιστος - kratistos ( Latin vir egregius , which means "excellent man").

In 284/285 AD the Dioiket was replaced by the Catholicos ( Latin rationalis ).

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Dioiketes lists for the Ptolemaic period (with references)
  • Richard Seider : Contributions to the Ptolemaic administrative history. Heidelberg 1938.
  • Prosopographia Ptolemaica I (= Studia Hellenistica. 6). Leuven 1950, pp. 2-8, No. 14-57.
  • Prosopographia Ptolemaica VIII (= Studia Hellenistica. 21). Leuven 1975, pp. 13-17 (supplements to Volume I).
Dioiketes for Roman times
  • Dieter Hagedorn : To the office of διοικητής in Roman Egypt. In: Yale Classical Studies. No. 28, 1985, pp. 167-210 ( PDF; 688 kB ).

literature

  • Roger S. Bagnall : The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-517838-8 .
  • Sandra Lippert: Introduction to ancient Egyptian legal history (= introductions and source texts on Egyptology. Vol. 5). Lit, Berlin / Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-8258-0747-4 .
  • Hans-Albert Rupprecht : A short introduction to papyrus studies (= ancient studies. ). Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-534-04493-2 .
  • Dieter Hagedorn: To the office of διοικητής in Roman Egypt. In: Yale Classical Studies. No. 28, 1985, pp. 167-210 ( PDF; 688 kB ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ MR Falivene: Geography and administration in Egypt (332 BCE - 642 CE) , In: Roger S. Bagnall : The Oxford Handbook of papyrology , Oxford 2009, pp 521-540; here p. 526.
  2. ↑ S. Lippert: Introduction to the ancient Egyptian legal history (introductions and source texts for Egyptology, edited by L. Gestermann and C. Leitz, vol. 5), Berlin-Münster 2008, p. 177. see also G. Vittmann: Der Demotic Papyrus Rylands 9 , In: Egypt and Old Testament Volume 38, Wiesbaden 1998, pp. 296-298.
  3. ↑ Dieter Hagedorn : On the office of διοικητής in Roman Egypt , in: Yale Classical Studies Volume 28 (1985), pp. 167-210; here p. 171.
  4. ↑ H.-A. Rupprecht: Brief Introduction to Papyrus Studies , Darmstadt 1988, p. 73.
  5. ^ Wolff: Justice , p. 10; Seidl: Ptolemaic Legal History , pp. 74 and 79.
  6. ↑ Seidl, Ptol. Legal history, p. 76 with note 4.
  7. ↑ PP No. 00016 + add. = 01844 = 09670 = 10064 = 12725 = 13436. Compare Prosopographia Ptolemaica
  8. ↑ For Zeno see Trismegistos (Archive)
  9. ^ J. Hengstl: Petitions to the Dioiketes? , in: Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 33, 1996, pp. 111-116, here p. 115-116
  10. ↑ Hagedorn, p. 186. For exceptions see there. For the honors and rank awards see O. Hornickel: Honor and rank awards in the papyrus documents. A contribution to the Roman and Byzantine title system , Giessen 1930.