Hans Winkler (botanist)

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Hans Winkler (born April 23, 1877 in Oschatz , † November 22, 1945 in Dresden ; full name: Johannes Karl Albert Winkler ) was a German botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is “ HKAWinkl. ".

Life

Hans Winkler was born as the son of the school board member and district school inspector in Oschatz, Johannes Florens Winkler (1840–1923), and his wife Elise. He attended grammar school in Freiberg and then studied (1895–1898) natural sciences in Leipzig and Kiel. 1898 did his doctorate in Leipzig under Wilhelm Pfeffer and in 1899 became assistant to Hermann Vöchting in Tübingen, where he also completed his habilitation in 1901.

In 1906 he was professor of botany at the University of Tübingen , from 1912 at the University of Hamburg , where he headed the Institute for General Botany. Winkler was a co-founder and co-editor of the magazine "Planta". In 1926 he won Emil Heitz as a research assistant. In 1926 Winkler became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and in 1927 of the then Prussian Academy of Sciences . He coined the terms “ genome ” and “ apomixis ”. In 1934 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

Winkler also worked at the University of Naples in Italy , where he studied the physiology of the algae genus Bryopsis .

In September 1933 he joined the Nazi teachers' association and on November 11, 1933 signed the confession of the German professors to Adolf Hitler . In 1937 he joined the NSDAP .

Solanum tubingense

Solanum tubingense, a real graft bastard between tomato and black nightshade

Winkler generated by Keilpfropfung the Solanum tubingense , a real Pfropfbastard between tomato and Solanum . Winkler grafted Solanum nigrum onto Solanum lycopersicum . The first mixed form that Winkler received showed the habit of Solanum lycopersicum on one side and that of Solanum nigrum on the other and was therefore first called "chimera" and later "periclinal chimera".

After the two components had grown together, he decapitated the product to include the rice. Since the Solanaceae have the property of forming many adventitious buds, a large number of adventitious buds appeared everywhere, even in the places where the vaccinee and the substrate touched. These buds were isolated and, in addition to chimeras, which were Nigrum plants on the one hand, and Lycopersicum plants on the other, Winkler also received mixed forms that fully met the morphological requirements of hybrids in terms of both the leaves and the flowers. He had succeeded in grafting intermediate forms, bastards. Moreover, like other graft bastards, these graft bastards struck back to their parent forms. Winkler named the bastard Solanum tubingense after the university town of Tübingen . He carried out crossbreeding experiments with him and observed the other generations.

The genome

"I propose to use the expression: the genome and nuclei, cells and organisms in which a similar genome more than once in each nucleus for the haploid set of chromosomes, which, together with the associated protoplasm, represents the material basis of the systematic unit is present, to be called homogenomatic, whereas those with different genomes in the nucleus are heterogenomatic. "

Fonts

  • About parthenogenesis and apogamy in the plant kingdom. In: Prog. Rei. Bot. 4/1908, pp. 293-454
  • Solanum tubingense , a real graft bastard between tomato and nightshade. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society 26a / 1908, pp. 595–608
  • Distribution and cause of Parthenogenesis in the plant and animal kingdoms. Fischer, Jena 1920
  • On the role of the nucleus and protoplasm in inheritance. In: Journal for inductive descent and inheritance theory 33/1924, pp. 238-253
  • The Conversion of Genes: A Hereditary Investigation. Fischer, Jena 1930

literature

  • Jan-Peter Frahm , Jens Eggers: Lexikon deutschsprachiger Bryologen , Norderstedt 2001, p. 566

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 679.
  2. ↑ see entry by Winkler in the directory of members of the BBAW at http://www.bbaw.de/die-akademie/akademiegeschichte/verbindungen-historisch/alphabetische-sortierung?altträger_id=3026&letter=W
  3. ^ Member entry by Hans Winkler at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on December 28, 2015.
  4. ^ Announcements of the Natural Science Association at the University of Vienna, 1910. pp. 107-108. (PDF; 3.5 MB)
  5. ↑ Distribution and cause of parthenogenesis in the plant and animal kingdoms. Fischer, Jena 1920. p. 165.
personal data
SURNAME Winkler, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Winkler, Hans Johannes Karl Albert (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist
DATE OF BIRTH April 23, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Oschatz
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1945
Place of death Dresden