Pfrimm

Pfrimm
Pfrimm between Seebach (north) and Eisbach (south)
Data
Water code	EN : 2392
location	Donnersbergkreis , Alzey-Worms district , independent city of Worms ; Rhineland-Palatinate ( Germany )
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Rhine  → North Sea
source	in the northern Palatinate near Sippersfeld 49 ° 32 '18 "  N , 7 ° 57' 26"  E
Source height	approx.  300  m above sea level NHN
muzzle	in Worms from the left into the Rhine Coordinates: 49 ° 39 '39 "  N , 8 ° 21' 57"  E 49 ° 39 '39 "  N , 8 ° 21' 57"  E
Mouth height	approx.  89  m above sea level NHN
Height difference	approx. 211 m
Bottom slope	approx. 4.9 ‰
length	42.7 km
Catchment area	246.383 km²
Discharge at the Monsheim A Eo gauge : 198 km² Location: 15 km above the mouth	NNQ (07/18/1964) MNQ MQ Mq MHQ HHQ (04/20/1962)	4 l / s 215 l / s 882 l / s 4.5 l / (s km²) 9.1 m³ / s 126 m³ / s
Left tributaries	s. Catchment area and tributaries section
Right tributaries	s. Catchment area and tributaries section
Flowing lakes	Pfrimmweiher (spring area), Sippersfelder Weiher, Pfrimmweiher (Worms)
Medium-sized cities	Worms
Communities	Breunigweiler , Dreisen , Marnheim , Albisheim , Zellertal , Wachenheim , Monsheim
Residents in the catchment area	approx. 100,000
The awl in Worms

Pfrimmquelle south of Pfrimmerhof near Sippersfeld

Crab pond below the awakening source

Auger bridge from 1770, at the Münsterhof near Dreisen

The Pfrimm near the Karl-Bittel-Park below the Pfiffligheimer Wehr

The Pfrimm is a 42.7 km long western and left tributary of the Rhine in the Donnersbergkreis , in the Alzey-Worms district and in the independent city of Worms in Rhineland-Palatinate ( Germany ).

geography

course

The Pfrimm rises in the northern Palatinate in the southern part of the Donnersbergkreis. Your source , the Pfrimmquelle , is about 300  m above sea level. NHN in the north of the Palatinate Forest Nature Park around 3 km southeast of the local community of Sippersfeld in the Sippersfelder Weiher nature reserve , which extends with several ponds in the back forest . It is located between the mountains Sperberhöhe ( 329.4  m ) in the east, Salweidenkopf ( 353.5  m ) in the south and Schnepfberg ( 361.6  m ) in the southwest. The spring was set with basalt stones in 1927. After only 10 m, the Pfrimm flows through the Pfrimmweiher , which is also fed by a trickle coming from the south and also called Pfrimm , and then the Sippersfelder Weiher . Not far west of the source is the Retzbergweiher, through which the Pfrimm does not flow .

The Pfrimm mainly flows through agricultural areas and mostly roughly parallel to federal highway 47 . First, it drains northern parts of the North Palatinate Uplands . Below the Sippersfeld pond , it runs north past the Pfrimmerhof , which belongs to Sippersfeld. Then it passes the Pfrimmer Berg ( 377  m ) to the west and flows through Breunigweiler , after which the Mohbach flows from the southeast .

After entering the Alzeyer hill country , the Pfrimm takes up the Wildensteiner Bach and flows north-eastwards, a little south, past Standenbühl ; it passes the Donnersberg massif to the southeast . Between Standenbühl and Dreisen lies the Münsterhof, the former Premonstratensian Abbey of Münsterdreisen, on its south bank . An old hunched sandstone bridge from 1770 spans the river. Below Dreisens the Rosengartenbach flows in from the west and the Gerbach flows into Marnheim ; there the Pfrimm was previously bridged by the Pfrimm Valley Viaduct . Behind Albisheim , the Leiselsbach flows in from the northwest . Between Marnheim and Albisheim the river passes the Heyerhof . From then on, the Pfrimm strives eastwards to Harxheim , where the Ammelbach flows from the south .

Further to the east, the Pfrimm crosses the border with Rheinhessen in the district of Alzey-Worms and passes through Wachenheim to Monsheim , where the B 271 crosses; the section between Marnheim and Monsheim is the Zellertal . Within Monsheim, the Pfrimm is largely the boundary between the main town and the district of Kriegsheim .

After the subsequent confluence of the Kinderbach , the Pfrimm reaches its western district Pfeddersheim in the area of ​​the independent city of Worms , where the battle of Pfeddersheim took place in 1525 during the Palatinate Peasants' War . To the west of the village are the Wiesenbrünnchen recreational area and the first of two ox pianos in the Pfrimm , where grazing cattle used to be able to cross the river on stone blocks. Between Pfeddersheim in the west and the districts of Leiselheim and Pfiffligheim in the east, the Pfrimm is spanned by the 30 m high and 1,471.4 m long Pfeddersheim viaduct of the federal motorway 61 .

From Pfiffligheim, the Pfrimm flows, now mostly straightened or canalized, through the actual Worms. In the city, it runs along the Leiselheimer Damm , which was laid out in the Middle Ages and raised in 1841 as part of the awakening regulation , which is also called the Pfrimmdamm and on which a footpath has been running since 1890. On the dam is the almost 300 m long Pfrimmweiher , which is traversed by a canalized Pfrimm branch. Then the Pfrimm - running through another ox piano - flows through the Karl-Bittel-Park , which is also called the Pfrimmpark .

When flowing through the center of Worms, the Pfrimm bends towards the north-northeast; it then crosses under the B 9 and the Worms port railway near the mouth . Finally it flows into the Upper Rhine about 3 km north of the city center at Rhine kilometer 446.7 at an altitude of about 89  m . This forms both the city limits of Worms and the border to the state of Hesse to the east . Opposite the Pfrimm estuary is the Maulbeeraue recreational area on the Hessian side .

Catchment area and tributaries

The catchment area of the Pfrimm is 246.383 km². Their tributaries include (viewed downstream):

Surname	page	Length ( km )	EZG ( km² )	Mouth on km	Place of mouth ( o / i / u )	DGKZ
Pond ditch	Left	0.17	00.20	00.26	Breunigweiler (o)	2392-112
Bruchbach	Left	1.10	02.04	00.61	Breunigweiler (o)	2392-12
Sippersfelder Bach	Left	2.42	07.11	03.97	Breunigweiler (u)	2392-14
Kreuzhofer Bach	Left	1.13	00.80	04.56	Breunigweiler (u)	2392-152
Mohbach	right	1.72	02.83	04.68	Breunigweiler (u)	2392-16
Schweinsbach	right	2.48	01.99	05.27	Breunigweiler (u)	2392-172
Grundheckerbach	Left	3.11	07.50	06.42	Standenbühl (o)	2392-18
Wildensteiner Bach (Bornbach)	Left	6.05	11.71	06.55	Standenbühl (o)	2392-2
Duck puddle dig	Left	2.25	02.35	07.91	Standenbühl (u)	2392-312
Hasenbach	right	3.75	14.59	10.73	Dreisen (u)	2392-32
Bach from the Elbisheimerhof	right	2.03	02.88	11.75	Dreisen (u)	2392-34
Rosengartenbach (Haferbach)	Left	5.80	07.86	11.95	Dreisen (u)	2392-36
Helgesgraben	Left	1.42	01.71	12.52	Marnheim (o)	2392-38
Gerbach (Dörrbach)	Left	9.79	21.00	14.17	Marnheim (i)	2392-4
Goldbrunnengraben (Goldbrunnenbächlein)	Left	2.22	02.44	15.17	Marnheim (u)	2392-52
Riedgraben	right	0.86	01.69	17.28	Albisheim (o)	2392-54
Leiselsbach	Left	8.84	42.84	19.79	Albisheim (u)	2392-6
Flood ditch	right	0.98	01.24	19.98	Albisheim (u)	2392-72
Mühlgraben (Mühlbach)	Left	0.70	01.92	21.08	Harxheim (o)	2392-74
Ammelbach	right	5.28	23.58	22.50	Harxheim (i)	2392-8
Flood ditch	Left	0.76	00.19	23.31	Harxheim (u)	2392-9112
Kinderbach	right	9.79	17.56	31.85	Pfeddersheim (o)	2392-92
Abbreviations:    named flowing water flows above ( o ), in ( i ) or below ( u ) from the point of discharge

Water flow

In some years the Pfrimm has strong floods , for example in 1882, 1892, 1902, 1940, 1950, 1978, 1995 and 2003. The flood of November 27, 1882, when all the mills along the river failed because they were in the Water stood and the fields turned into a lake landscape for a long distance.

geology

A forerunner of the Pfrimm could already have flowed to the older Urrhein of the Dinotheriensande in the Tortonium . In the Pliocene , the awl probably ran in a northeasterly direction. The earliest sediments that can be assigned to the awl come from the Old Pleistocene . The thickness of its ice-age gravel terraces shows that the Pfrimm was a river and not just a stream in the Pleistocene .

The Pleistocene Terraces of the Pfrimm
Grouping of the terraces according to Peters			Terraces according to reader
Terrace group	Temporal allocation	Age (thousand years ago)	Terrace step	Level above the Pfrimm valley floor	Temporal allocation
Lower Terraces	Würm glacial period	25-100	Younger lower terrace	2 m	Würm-Stadiale
			Older lower terrace	4 m	Würm-Stadiale
Middle Terraces	Riss Cold Age , Mindel Cold Age , Cromer Warm Age	125-800	Younger central terrace	6–8 m	Jung-Riß-Stadial
			Older middle terrace	10-15 m	Alt-Riss-Stadial
Main Terraces	Günz Ice Age , Danube Ice Age	800-1600	Younger high terrace	20 m	Mindel III stadium
			Older high terrace lower level	35 m	Mindel II / III stadial
			Older high terrace upper level	45 m	Mindel II stadium
			Younger main terrace	70 m	Mindel I-Stadial
Higher Main Terraces	Beaver Cold Age	1600-2600	Older main terrace	110 m	Günz Glacial

The Pfrimmquellen were probably already at the time of the older main terrace near Sippersfeld and the Pfrimmerhof. During the main terrace period, the Pfrimm had not yet broken through the limestone plateau between Marnheim and Wachenheim. The damming caused the water to flow in a south curve around the locking bolt. At the time of the younger high terrace, the limestone bar was already gnawed through. Tectonic uplifts in the Mainz Basin, combined with subsidence in the Upper Rhine Rift, especially in the Worms subsidence area, led the Pfrimm to swivel in the west-east direction of flow in the middle Pleistocene.

Economy and Infrastructure

use

There were numerous watermills on the Pfrimm . The discovery of a Roman millstone in Wachenheim suggests that individual mills were operated with water from the Pfrimm as early as Roman times. The first written mention of a watermill on the Pfrimm comes from the year 778. In 1861, 35 owners of watermills on the Pfrimm founded the "Pfrimmweiher Society" between Dreisen and Worms to maintain the ponds near Sippersfeld near the Pfrimm spring. The ponds served as water reservoirs for dry periods and also as fish ponds . The era of the Pfrimm mills ended in the 1960s and 1970s. One of the last mills on the Pfrimm was the Dorfmühle or Rupp'sche Mühle in Dreisen, which was still in operation in the 1970s.

The section of the Pfrimm from Pfiffligheim to the bridge on Mainzer Straße north of Worms was the property of the St. Cyriakus monastery in Neuhausen in the late Middle Ages . The city of Worms tried in the 14th century to gain the rights to Pfrimm and Eisbach , and in 1381 obtained a privilege from King Wenzel that gave the city the right to freely use the streams that flowed through the city and its suburbs to dispose of. Then the Worms built a weir on the Pfrimm near Pfiffligheim to drain water into the city. The city lost the subsequent legal dispute before the court of the Rhenish Landfriedensbund and before the king and had to demolish its defense. For the Pfrimm section of the Cyriakus monastery, a very early Bach reference from 1391 has been handed down that reports on the Bach order and jurisdiction. There was a Bach court that was convened by the dean of the Cyriakus monastery, the judge of this court, and it met in the monastery’s paradise . The jury of the court was the respective miller of the Herrenmühle in Neuhausen as a born Bach schultheiß and six millers of other mills as Bach aldermen. A so-called Aquarius was responsible for monitoring the stream . There was also a master builder who was probably an expert in hydraulic engineering .

The awl is still used by anglers . Brown trout , pike , perch , chub , barbel , eel and white fish are fished . Catch limits apply.

Ox pianos

In Pfeddersheim

Ox piano between Pfiffligheim and Hochheim

Fish ladder in Karl-Bittel-Park

An ox piano was in the west of Worms-Pfeddersheim, south of about the middle of Enzingerstrasse. In the past, the awl was dammed in this area by a concrete barrier with weir in order to divert the (now abandoned) Mühlbach. The water not needed for the Mühlbach flowed off over the adjustable weir or, if the water level was higher, over the entire width of the concrete barrier. An ox piano was built here as a crossing aid, on which one could cross the awl with dry feet up to medium water levels.

The Mühlgraben was over a meter deep there, at the weir even more than two meters deep and was used not only by children and young people, but also by adults for bathing and diving, as was the waterfall that poured over the weir into the Pfrimm. The swimming area was local dialect called "Puhl" so Pfuhl , although the water had quite good quality; after all, the outdoor pool was operated for many years with treated water from the Mühlbach flowing past it.

In the course of the renaturation , the old ox piano was replaced by a pedestrian bridge, over which one can cross “the Bach”, as the Pfrimm is popularly known, at any time with dry feet. The awl has almost its original course at this point.

Between Pfiffligheim and Hochheim

Between the then still independent communities Pfiffligheim and Hochheim , which today belong to Worms, the Pfiffligheim weir was built on the Pfrimm just above today's Karl-Bittel-Park . In 1898, an ox piano was created from stone blocks directly below to cross the stream. It is a combination of stone steps leading down to the awl and stepping stones lying in the river, over which the flowing water could or still can be crossed at least at normal or low water.

Later a pedestrian bridge was built directly over the Pfiffligheimer weir , so that the ox piano quickly lost its importance. In addition, a fish ladder has been created so that the fish can overcome the height difference at the weir. A little further below there is another fish ladder at another pedestrian bridge in Karl-Bittel-Park.

traffic

The Pfrimm is classified as a second order body of water and can only be navigated by canoes or kayaks . In the Middle Ages, the Pfrimm was at least temporarily used as a shipping route. This is evidenced by an entry in the Prümer Urbar from 893, which mentions the delivery of grain taxes by ship from Albisheim to Worms. Small boats must have been used as vehicles; perhaps one waited for the water level to rise for journeys.

Numerous state roads run through the Pfrimm valley and cross the river in many places. The federal road 47 runs parallel to the Pfrimm through the valley. At Monsheim the B 271 is crossed. The federal motorway 63 accompanies the upper reaches from Standenbühl to Marnheim, east of Worms-Pfeddersheim the Pfrimm is crossed by the A 61 (Pfeddersheim viaduct). The B 9 crosses near the mouth in Worms .

The Zellertalbahn , a regional branch line of the public transport , runs through the Pfrim valley.

Web links

Commons : Pfrimm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} GeoExplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Management Authority ( notes )
2. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Rhine Region, Part I 2009 State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, p. 135, accessed on January 22, 2016 (PDF, German, 1.85 MB).
3. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
4. ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
5. ↑ With km the Pfrimm- are km downstream from the source meant.
6. ↑ For a better overview and sorting downstream, a hyphen has been inserted for each river in the river code number (DGKZ) after the number "2392", which stands for the Pfrimm .
7. ↑ Hartmut Leser , Landeskundlicher Führer durch Rheinhessen, Stuttgart 1969, p. 16. Gwendolyn Peters, Active Tectonics in the Upper Rhine Graben, Diss. Amsterdam 2007 ( Memento of the original from June 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 43.3 MB), p. 127p. 
8. ↑ Hartmut Leser, Observations and Studies on the Quaternary Landscape Development of the Pfrimmgebiet, Bonn 1967, p. 63f.
9. ↑ Hartmut Leser, 1969, p. 16f and 36.
10. ↑ Wilhelm Weiler , Die diluviale Terrassen der Pfrimm , with an appendix about old diluvial mammals from the area of ​​Worms, in: Notes of the Association for Geography and the Hessian Geological State Institute in Darmstadt F.5 H.13 (1931), pp. 124-145 , therein p. 124f
11. ↑ Gwendolyn Peters, p. 85, table 3.1.
12. ↑ Hartmut Leser, 1967, pp. 73-206, pp. 346-353, pp. 372-377 with supplement Tab. 24. Summarized: H. Readers, 1969, p. 18 and Peters, p. 247 Tab. A4.2.
13. ↑ Hartmut Leser, 1967, p. 79
14. ↑ Hartmut Leser, 1967, pp. 63f, pp. 372-376 m. Appendix Tab. 24., Peters, p. 86p, p. 131p.
15. ↑ Various watermills on the Pfrimm (partly with ill.) Names: Friedrich Wilhelm Weber 1978: The history of the mills and the miller's trade in the Palatinate . Otterbach b. Kaiserslautern 1978, p. 265, 278, 285-287, 289-293 .
16. ↑ ^{a b c} Wolf-Dieter Egli: Traces of the Pfrimm mills go back to antiquity . In: Wormser Zeitung . June 23, 2012.
17. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Weber, History of the Mills , p. 53
18. ↑ Lorscher Codex No. 912 (planned mill in Harxheim). Retrieved August 24, 2012 . 
19. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Weber, History of the Mills, p. 307 u. 310
20. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Weber: One of the few mills that still grind - the village or Bannmühle in Dreisen . In: Donnersberg yearbook . tape 4 , 1981, p. 76-78 .
21. ↑ ^{a b} Heinrich Boos : History of the Rhenish urban culture from its beginnings to the present with particular consideration of the city of Worms . tape 3 . Berlin 1899, p. 79 .
22. ^ Philipp Walter Fabry: The St. Cyriacusstift zu Neuhausen bei Worms (=  Der Wormsgau . Volume 17 ). Worms 1958, p. 165-168 (Supplement 17).
23. ^ Heinrich Boos, document book of the city of Worms , vol. 2, p. 507f, no. 783.
24. ^ Heinrich Boos, document book of the city of Worms , vol. 2 p. 613, no. 937 (March 4, 1390)
25. ^ Heinrich Boos, document book of the city of Worms , vol. 2 p. 629 f. No. 961 (July 18, 1391)
26. ↑ Heinrich Boos: History of the Rhenish urban culture from its beginnings to the present with particular consideration of the city of Worms . tape 2 . Berlin 1897, p. 220 .
27. ↑ A privilege of King Wenzels from 1397, contradicting the judgment of 1391, allowed the city of Worms to redirect the Pfrimm to improve the city fortifications to the city and the city: Boos, Geschichte der Rheinischen Städtkultur, Vol. 2 p. 232 and Boos, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms , Vol. 2, pp. 674f. No. 1020 (Jan. 3, 1397). This privilege was withdrawn by King Wenzel as early as 1398 (Johann Friedrich Schannat: Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis . Tomus 2. Frankfurt / Main 1734, p. 211 . )
28. ↑ Ludwig Baur: Hessian documents . tape 3 . Darmstadt 1863. pp. 564-566, No. 1490, April 5, 1391.
29. ↑ On Bach regulations in general cf. Friedrich Wilhelm Weber, History of the Mills , pp. 118–120.
30. ↑ Fishing in the Pfrimm WO 67. In: angler-glueck.de. Retrieved October 19, 2014 . 
31. ↑ ^{a b} Internet archive: How the "ox piano" came into being over 100 years ago and how it finally got its name ( memento from October 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (information about the ox piano between Pfiffligheim and Hochheim) and ox piano photo with fish ladder ( Memento from January 9, 2004 in the Internet Archive ), original from: Heimatverein Worms-Pfiffligheim e. V.
32. ↑ Fish ladder in Karl-Bittel-Park , on commons.wikimedia.org
33. ↑ Heinrich Beyer: Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Vol. I, Coblenz 1860, p. 198, No. CXVI. On this: Franz Staab , Investigations on the Middle Rhine Society in the Carolingian Period, Wiesbaden 1975, pp. 106–112. 
34. ↑ Martin Eckoldt: Shipping on small rivers , 3rd part, in: Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv 9, 1986, pp. 59–88, therein p. 69.