Cyriakus Pen (Worms)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cyriakus monastery in Worms-Neuhausen around 1620
St. Cyriacus in the Speyer Evangelistary from Neuhausen, 1197
St. Cyriac heals the king's daughter; Miniature from the statutes of the Cyriakus monastery in Worms, 1507

The St. Cyriakusstift was a collegiate monastery and religious center north of the city of Worms . It was located in today's local area of Worms-Neuhausen .

history

According to burial finds, the Neuhausen area seems to have been inhabited as early as Roman times. According to the historical records of the Worms diocese and the Lorsch monastery, there was later a Franconian royal court, which was converted into a church of St. Dionysius by King Dagobert I around 630 . Bishop Samuel von Worms (841–856), also abbot in the imperial monastery Lorsch , acquired the relics of St. Cyriacus , one of the highly revered 14 helpers , from Rome and brought them to the Neuhauser Church, which soon received the new saint as patron 847 was connected to a collegiate pen. As a result, it advanced to a center of pilgrimage and the place Neuhausen gradually emerged as a settlement belonging to the monastery.

In the years that followed, the Cyriakus pen received numerous donations, such as B. from the Franconian kings Ludwig the German (869), Arnulf of Carinthia (897) and Ludwig IV (906), from Emperor Konrad II (1026) and from the Worms bishops Burchard I , Azecho (around 1030) and Adalbert II. (1106). Emperor Heinrich V , who visited the monastery in 1111, had a castle built nearby, which was destroyed in 1124. Two bishops of Worms chose the place as a burial place, and the remains of the founding bishop Samuel were later transferred here from Lorsch .

At the beginning of the so-called Mainz collegiate feud , Neuhausen and the Cyriakus monastery were attacked and completely destroyed in 1460 by the Thuringian Count Sigmund von Gleichen , commander in chief of the Mainz bishop Diether von Isenburg . Church and monastery building burned down, a group of mercenaries plundered the church, stole the precious monstrance and broke open the leaden ark in which the body of St. Cyriac was. They took the large lead chest with them, presumably for making musket balls, and they scattered the relics on the floor. There they were picked up again by the canons and ceremoniously brought to Worms Cathedral , where they remained until the church was rebuilt.

When in 1488 Emperor Friedrich III. stayed in Worms, he paid a visit to the renovated Neuhausen Abbey to find the relics of St. To visit Cyriacus. At his request, he received a rib of the saint, as well as his biography and a portrait. Emperor Maximilian I and his wife Maria Blanka also visited the pilgrimage site when they were in Worms for the Reichstag in 1495 . In a document from 1498, Emperor Maximilian granted the canons the privilege of wearing fur trim on their choir clothes, since according to old tradition it is an imperial pen in whose chapter the monarch has a seat and a vote.

Repeal

Elector Friedrich III. von der Pfalz dissolved the monastery, accompanied by 70 horsemen, on May 9, 1565 personally by using force; he drew the slopes in his favor, he used the buildings as he saw fit. Here he let u. a. the theologian Caspar Olevian even opened the tabernacle and crumbled the consecrated hosts with his hands himself . The resisting canons were imprisoned for five weeks; Pictures, statues, altars and paraments were burned at the nearby Cyriakus fountain.

Before that, the canons had been able to bring the Cyriac relics to the cathedral, where they were entrusted to the care of Vicar General Stephan Holzappel († 1576). The Bollandists Daniel Papebroch and Gottfried Henschen saw it in 1660 in Worms Cathedral and describe it as "the middle part of the bones of St. Cyriacus" , which is probably the torso . Since the cremation of Worms on May 1st, 1689, during the Palatinate War of Succession , their traces have been lost.

Although the Elector of the Palatinate was guardian of the Cyriakus monastery, it was part of the temporal property of the diocese of Worms. This sued the elector before the Reichstag in 1565 for restitution. In 1566 Pope Pius V issued a decree to the Electoral Palatinate to return the Cyriakus pen to the Bishop of Worms, followed by Emperor Maximilian II in 1576. It was not until 1706 that the diocese of Worms came back into permanent possession of the pen after numerous complaints and negotiations. However, this no longer came to life, but the bishop set up an orphanage and a hospital with an associated church in the buildings with the Hospital Neuhausen zu Horchheim Foundation . At the end of the 18th century, during the First Coalition War , the French Revolutionary Army transformed the complex into a military hospital with war magazines and set it on fire when they withdrew. All the monastery buildings burned down and were not rebuilt. The ruins were used as a quarry and completely disappeared.

Buildings and possessions

The Cyriakusstift Neuhausen (center with "A") and to the right of it Liebenau Monastery ("B")

The monastery consisted of 30 canons and should have owned a large number of surrounding houses, since in a collegiate monastery the clergy live in their own household and not in a monastery. There were also communal buildings such as the chapter house , cloister , collegiate school, dormitory (the Neuhaus rule provided for a common night's rest), library, etc. The center was the St. Cyriakuskirche, of which there is only one drawing; accordingly it had a Romanesque style with Gothic additions. In it three Worms bishops rested, namely the founder Samuel von Worms, Hildebold († 998) and Adalbert II († 1107). All around the area was fortified with walls, to the west of which stood the former castle of Emperor Heinrich V, which had become a ruin and was converted into the Liebenau nunnery in 1299 , which went under with the Cyriakus monastery .

The Cyriakusstift Neuhausen owned - in addition to the property of the Neuhausen district - scattered holdings of latifundia , mainly in Wormsgau and in the area of ​​the old diocese of Worms . It had the patronage right of the churches in Alsheim , Eppelheim , Eppstein (Frankenthal) , Herrnsheim , Ilvesheim , Kirchheim (Heidelberg) , Mörstadt , Obersülzen , Offstein , Ruchheim and Weisenheim am Sand . Frankenthal-Eppstein and Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim the local Catholic churches today the rare Cyriac patronage bear in Weisenheim am Sand has changed the church patron, the local coat of arms, however, the martyrs - palm fronds on the old saint St. Cyriac or the Neuhausen Abbey.

Special

Representation of Christ in the Speyer Evangelistary from Neuhausen

The former custodian of the Cyriakus monastery, Conrad von Danne or Konrad von Tann , had a Gospel book made for Neuhausen around 1220, which he later took with him to Speyer when he became bishop there. Today it is located in the Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe under the name Speyer Evangelistar or Codex Bruchsaliensis 1 and also contains a representation of St. Cyriacus.

The statutes of the Worms Cyriakus Foundation are kept in the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg . It is adorned with three beautiful miniatures and dates from 1507.

literature

  • Carl J. H. Villinger: Contributions to the history of the St. Cyriakusstiftes to Neuhausen in Worms (=  Der Wormsgau / supplement . Volume 15 ). Verlag Stadtbibliothek Worms, Worms 1955.
  • Philipp Walter Fabry: The St. Cyriacus pen to Neuhausen near Worms (=  Der Wormsgau / supplement . Volume 17 ). Verlag Stadtbibliothek Worms, Worms 1958.

Web links

Individual evidence

Grave slab of Bishop Hildebold († 998), drawing by Johann Friedrich Schannat
  1. ↑ Charlotte Warnke: The canonical monastery St. Cyriakus zu Gernrode in the field of tension between high nobility, emperor, bishop and pope. In: Irene Crusius (Ed.): Studies on the Kanonissenstift (= publications of the Max Planck Institute for History . Vol. 167; Studies on Germania Sacra . Vol. 24). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-35326-X , pp. 201–274, here p. 223 ( scan in the Google book search; to acquire the Cyriac relics from Rome).
  2. ^ Carl Villinger: Contributions to the history of the St. Cyriakusstiftes zu Neuhausen in Worms. 1955, p. 14.
  3. ↑ Looting under Count Sigmund von Gleichen, 1460. See Christian von Stramberg : Memorable and useful Rheinischer Antiquarius, which represents the most important and pleasant geographical, historical and political peculiarities of the whole Theinstrom, from its outflow into the sea to its origin. Dept. 3 Middle Rhine. Volume 1. Rud. Friedr. Hergt, Coblenz 1853, OCLC 81871783 ( scan in Google book search).
  4. ^ Johann Friedrich Schannat : Historia episcopatus Wormatiensis. Volume II. Varrentrapp, Frankfurt a. M. 1734 ( Latin ; scan. In: Digitale-sammlungen.de, accessed on May 31, 2017).
  5. ↑ Ludwig Häusser : History of the Rhenish Palatinate according to its political, ecclesiastical and literary conditions. Vol. 2. J. C. B. Mohr, Heidelberg 1845, OCLC 444876255 , p. 27 ( scan in Google book search; to remove Neuhausen).
  6. ^ New archive for the history of the city of Heidelberg and the Electoral Palatinate. Vol. 6. Commission for the History of the City. Köster, Heidelberg 1905, DNB 011228539 ( snippet view in the Google book search).
  7. ↑ Burkhard Gotthelf Struve : Detailed report on the history of the Palatinate Church, including the various religious changes and the ecclesiastical state in the Chur-Palatinate and other Palatinate countries from the beginning of the Reformation, bit on present times. Johann Bernhard Hartung, Frankfurt 1721, OCLC 165917129 , p. 173 ( scan in the Google book search; contemporary report on the events during the abolition of Neuhausen Abbey).
  8. ↑ Meinrad Schaab : History of the Electoral Palatinate. Vol. 2: Modern times. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Berlin / Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-17-009877-2 ( snippet view in the Google book search; behavior of the elector in the event of repeal).
  9. ^ Weisenheim am Sand. In: freinsheim.de, accessed on May 31, 2017 ( coat of arms of the local community Weisenheim am Sand. Description of coat of arms in the lower part of the page).
  10. ↑ Title recording. Digitized version of the Codex Bruchsaliensis 1. In: blb-karksruhe.de. Badische Landesbibliothek, accessed on May 31, 2017.
  11. ^ Ellen Beer , Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe: Initial and miniature. Illumination from nine centuries in manuscripts in the Baden State Library. Anniversary exhibition in 1965. Exhibition catalog. Edited by Franz Anselm Schmitt. 2nd edition Feuermann, Basel 1965, DNB 452220297 , p. 32 ( snippet view in the Google book search; on the Evangelistar of Konrad von Tanne).
  12. ↑ Research and Advances. News sheet for German science and technology. Volume 5. Ed. Of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin , Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Austrian Academy of Sciences . VDI-Verlag, Berlin 1929, ISSN  0367-2794 , p. 58 ( snippet view in the Google book search; on the Speyer Evangelistar).

Coordinates: 49 ° 38 '39.9 "  N , 8 ° 21' 8.5"  E