Münsterdreisen
Münsterdreisen (also Münster-Dreisen) is a sunken monastery on the Pfrimm , between Dreisen and Standenbühl in the Donnersbergkreis , Rhineland-Palatinate . In its place today stands the Münsterhof belonging to the Dreisen parish .
History of the monastery
It was founded in 868 as a Benedictine convent by a Duke Nanthar and his wife Kunigunde. The patron saint of the monastery church was Saturninus of Toulouse . In 951 it is said to have been destroyed by a train to Hungary . After the death of the founder, the monastery fell to the Salians , who re-founded it as the Augustinian canons monastery in the third quarter of the 11th century .
1144 Münsterdreisen was by the heir of the Salier, Duke Friedrich II. Of Swabia , with the help of his relative Count Ludwig III. von Arnstein, converted into a Premonstratensian monastery and settled with canons from his Arnstein monastery . Friedrich's brother, the Roman-German King Conrad III. , on this occasion confirmed the old rights and made new donations. This marked the beginning of the most important era of Münsterdreisen, which ended in the 14th century. According to the vita of Count Ludwig von Arnstein - written around 1200 by the Arnstein Premonstratensian Luwandus - he was in Münsterdreisen around 1140 with Duke Friedrich II. The monastery was "like a tavern" and hunting dogs ran around the church. Because of this experience, his relative, Duke Friedrich II, asked him to reform the convent. Count Ludwig III, who himself became a religious and was later revered as a blessed . von Arnstein complied with the request. He called 6 Premonstratensians from the Gottesgnaden Monastery (near Calbe an der Saale ) to Münsterdreisen, as did his own chaplain Marquard, who became first provost in 1145 . His successor in office, Burkard von Münsterdreisen, gave the blessed the sacraments of death when he died in 1185 in the nearby monastery of Gommersheim near Gau-Odernheim .
For those of Count Ludwig III. Premonstratensian choir women cared for by Arnstein in the Bethlenrode monastery near Kirdorf , whom he transplanted to the Palatinate and initially settled in Stetten , a convent was established in Marienthal around 1146 , which was legally subordinate to the Münsterdreisen monastery. A short time later, the foundation of the Premonstratensian monastery in Enkenbach followed , as a further subsidiary of Münsterdreisen.
From 1320 an abbot was in charge of the community instead of the previous provost. On December 5, 1523, the last abbot, Johann Bicker, "as a one-ninety-year-old person in the closter, from other conventual brother hapte" handed over his convent to the Lorsch monastery , from where the property was administered by a provost; in 1525 during the Peasants' War there was looting and destruction. On May 16, 1541, the provost Jakob Zentner, appointed by Lorsch, exchanged the Münsterdreisen abbey, including the abandoned Marienthal monastery and all associated rights and inclines, with the Electoral Palatinate for other properties. In the deed of assignment it says u. a .: "Because the abbey mentioned is far away and its property has brought the Lorsch monastery a lot of errors, quarrels and adversities" , and in the past peasant uprising the church and monastery were burned and torn apart.
Münsterdreisen was one of those twelve almost abandoned Palatinate monasteries that Pope Julius III. 1551 allowed the elector Friedrich II of the Palatinate, in favor of the University of Heidelberg and the service in the castle chapel there , to dissolve in order to confiscate their property for this purpose. Due to this permission, the representatives of the Electorate of the Palatinate, University Rector and First Professor of Medicine Johann Wagenmann († 1557) and Wendelin Sprenger, Dean of the Heidelberg Hl.-Geist-Stift , appeared in Münsterdreisen on Wednesday, September 6, 1553 , where they found the cellar there , Valentin Weißbrod, handed over the keys to the abbey. They took possession of it for the Electoral Palatinate and let the subjects of the monastery, the residents of Dreisen and Standenbühl , swear in on the new owner. The monastery was officially dissolved.
In 1559 the monastery property came to the Barons von Geispitzheim and in 1764 to the Prince of Nassau-Weilburg , who set the Amish , a religious group related to the Mennonites , to manage the Münsterhof; they were considered exemplary farmers and tenants.
In the Münsterhof itself - apart from a large, Gothic profile stone - there are no visible remains of the monastery today. The buildings there are mainly made of building material from the old complex and are probably also on the remains of their foundations, but they are more recent.
In Bolanden , on the outer north wall of the Hane monastery church , there is a Gothic sacrament house (around 1400) which was walled in in a cellar of the Münsterhof and around 1900 as a spoil initially on the premises of the Weierhof grammar school , but recently to the Hane monastery came. It apparently comes from the Münsterdreisen monastery church and is a particularly valuable and extraordinary piece. To the front was the large pointed arch opening without a door or grille and inside it shows the very fine miniature pseudo-architecture of a ribbed vault with a keystone in the shape of a rose on the walls and ceiling . From this it can be concluded that it was an open sacrament house or vaulted sacrament throne where the holy of holies was placed for exposure (exhibition for adoration) with a monstrance or in the ciborium .
Bolanden, old cemetery near Hane monastery, sacrament house from Münsterdreisen monastery
Münsterdreisen sacraments house, “interior design” from the front
Münsterdreisen sacraments inside, ceiling and side wall
Münsterdreisen sacrament house inside, ribbed ceiling with keystone
Varia
The holdings of the British Library in London include a manuscript from around 1150 that comes from the Münsterdreisen monastery. It is a volume of the Etymologiae of Bishop Isidore of Seville , with a contemporary note that it was copied by 8 nuns for the "Lords of Münsterdreisen".
In 1450 Abbot Johann von Münsterdreisen laid the foundation stone for the construction of a Marienkirche, today's prot. Parish church in Steinbach am Donnersberg , because the knight Sigfried von Oberstein brought a picture of Mary to the place. The church was consecrated in 1452 and a related, Gothic memorial stone was embedded there, which has been preserved to this day.
literature
- Franz Xaver Remling : Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria , Neustadt / Haardt, 1836, volume 1; Digital scan of the source
- North Palatinate History Association (Hg): Castles, palaces and monasteries of the North Palatinate , Otterbach, 1984, ISBN 3-87022-083-X
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ August Becker , The Palatinate and the Palatinate , Leipzig, 1858, page 806 scan of the page
- ↑ To the founder, Duke Nanthar or Nantharius
- ↑ Further source on the person of the founder Nantharius
- ^ Franz Xaver Remling : Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria , Neustadt / Haardt, 1836, Volume 1, Page 104; Scan the page
- ^ On the renewal of Münsterdreisens by Duke Friedrich II. And Ludwig III. from Arnstein
- ^ About the settlement of the Premonstratensians in Münsterdreisen
- ↑ Ludwig III. von Arnstein in the portal "Ecumenical Saint Lexicon"
- ↑ Alfons Hoffmann: “Kloster Marienthal am Donnersberg” , 1956, pages 5-7
- ↑ To the Gommersheim Monastery
- ^ Franz Xaver Remling: Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria , page 105
- ^ Johann Heinrich Hennes: History of the Counts of Nassau , Part 1: Up to the year 1255 , page 70, Cologne, 1842; (Digital scan of the granting of the final sacraments by Burkard von Münsterdreisen)
- ^ About the relocation of the Premonstratensian women from Bethlenrode to Stetten or to Marienthal
- ^ On the founding of the Enkenbach monastery as a subsidiary of Münsterdreisen
- ↑ Alfons Hoffmann: “Kloster Marienthal am Donnersberg” , 1956, pages 33 and 34
- ↑ Franz Xaver Remling: Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria , page 111
- ^ To the Amish as tenants on the Münsterhof
- ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: Die Kunstdenkmäler von Bayern , Administrative Region Palatinate, VII. District Office Kirchheimbolanden, Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 1938, pages 321–322
- ^ State Office for Monument Preservation: Cultural Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , Volume 15: Donnersbergkreis , Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms, 1997, p. 284, ISBN 3-88462-153-X
- ^ On the London manuscript from the Münsterdreisen monastery
- ↑ Peter Wasem: The inscriptions of the Protestant church in Steinbach. To the dedicatory inscription on the prot. Parish church Steinbach, with photo and text of the memorial stone. Retrieved April 12, 2020 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 38.1 ″ N , 7 ° 59 ′ 56.4 ″ E