Hane Monastery
Hane Monastery was a monastery of regular canons and regulated women choirs , which was located in what is now the Rhineland-Palatinate municipality of Bolanden in the Donnersberg district . The profaned monastery church and the convent buildings have been preserved as an ensemble.
history
The convent was founded around 1120 by Werner von Bolanden, ancestor of the noble family of the same name , as a house monastery . Werner von Bolanden is traceable in the Palatinate from 1116 and appeared here as a ministerial in the suite of Duke Friedrich II of Swabia . He sat on the fallen castle Alt-Bolanden (at today's farmstead Bolanderhof ) and founded the monastery near his castle. There were Augustinian canons from Springiersbach appointed there.
According to a document from Archbishop Adalbert I of Mainz from 1129, Werner von Bolanden donated his house monastery to the episcopal chair of Mainz , subject to the hereditary guardianship for himself and his descendants. There it says:
"We Adalbert, by God's grace Archbishop of the Mainz Church and representative of the papal See, solemnly announce to the present and future generation how Werner von Bolanden thinks it is good and pleasing to God, in a lonely place in our diocese suitable for worshiping God near the Donnersberg , in honor of St. Mary built the cell called Bolanden, in which the clergy who renounce the world and live only God live according to the rules laid down by St. Augustine . "
As a result, a Romanesque monastery church was built in the form of a three-aisled and three-aisled basilica , from which the wall remains and foundations have been preserved. Soon the Augustinian nuns also settled there and a double monastery was created. The monastery was originally called “St. Maria Bolanden ” , but the popular name “ Hane ” soon became commonplace , which still exists today and probably comes from the local name Hagen .
Around 1135, the now double convent took over the rule of St. Norbert and joined the Premonstratensians . In 1160 the sisters moved to the nearby Rothenkirchen monastery (now Rothenkircher Hof , town of Kirchheimbolanden ). Around 1180 this decision was revised again. The Premonstratensians moved to Rothenkirchen and the nuns returned to Hane, where they stayed until the community was dissolved.
The monastery became wealthy through donations and received many admissions from the nobility. In 1265 the number of nuns had to be limited to 50, at that time the monastery owned seven large courtyards, a. a. the Weierhof , the Elbisheimerhof and goods in Ilbesheim , Ebersheim , Zornheim , and Nackenheim . From around 1280 the mystic Christina von Retters (also Christina von Hane), who was venerated as a blessed and who was probably a sister of King Adolf of Nassau , lived in Hane .
During this time the Lords of Bolanden built their new Neu-Bolanden Castle south of the monastery . The village of Bolanden developed between the new castle and the monastery of Hane .
From 1487 the Romanesque basilica was converted into a Gothic church, as it is largely preserved today. From 1495 on, the Han masters referred to themselves as abbesses. In 1521 there were only eight sisters in the monastery. The convent was plundered during the Peasants' War in 1525. Under the penultimate abbess Margarethe von Engelstadt, Hane flourished again on a modest scale around 1540, but a few years later the Duke of Palatinate-Simmern introduced the Lutheran faith as sovereign and abolished the monastery around 1564 ( another source gives the year 1545).
In the Palatinate War of Succession , Hane Monastery, Bolanden and Neu-Bolanden Castle were destroyed by the French in 1689. In 1708 the area fell to the Counts of Nassau-Weilburg , to France at the end of the 18th century and to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1815 . The monastery complex served as an agricultural property, the half-ruined monastery church as a barn. In 1821 the Mayor of Speyer , Georg Friedrich Hilgard (1784–1859) bought the property. He was the grandfather of the American railroad magnate Heinrich Hilgard . After his death, the Stauffer family bought the property and it has remained in private ownership to this day. From 1957 to 1992 extensive renovation and security work took place on the monastery church. Today the renovated and profane church serves as a concert and festival hall.
Building stock
The center of the monastery area is the former two-aisled Gothic hall church with retracted choir, which still has significant remains of the Romanesque predecessor basilica. The nave and choir are divided on the outside by buttresses, the inner vault is missing and has been replaced by a flat ceiling, both parts of the building later have gable roofs in a ridge line, that of the nave is hilted to the west. Inside on the walls there are services and rib catchers that formerly supported the vaulted ceiling. A pointed arched choir arch sits between the choir and the nave. The choir has a 3/8 end, the nave and choir have large, Gothic pointed arched windows with tracery to the north and east. The west side of the church only remained original in its masonry. Today's entrance portal is a completely new creation from recent times and the interior of the choir arch is modeled on a smaller scale. Before the renovation, there was a barn door here. The north wall of the church is still identical to that of the previous building. In it there is a beautifully worked, Romanesque side portal to the adjoining cemetery. The current south wall of the church corresponds to the former partition wall to the south aisle of the Romanesque church. Clearly visible here are three exposed, Romanesque arched arcades, through which one once got from the central nave to the aisle. Various spolia of tombstones are walled in in the church, as is the rest of a Gothic baptismal font. In the choir there are parts of the wall services there , a keel- arched lava niche on the right and a sacrament house on the left . Inside the choir is divided by arched wall niches. The profaned church has seats and serves as a concert or festival hall.
The church tower was to the south-west, but was demolished in the 19th century due to its dilapidation. The sacristy on the south side of the choir is also missing, but the entrance has been preserved. To the north of the church is the cemetery, which probably dates back to the time of the monastery. Later residents of the homestead were also buried here. A richly decorated baroque tombstone of Anna Margareta Kamb († 1734) stands on the outer church wall, as well as a sacrament house from the Münsterdreisen monastery . The other gravestones belong to the 19th century and come from the Hilgard and Staufer families.
To the south-east of the church there are former, now converted, monastery buildings in an L shape, one of which has a gable wall with a three-part Gothic window. To the north-west of the church there is another square-shaped courtyard (open to the south). Despite extensive reshaping, the structure of the building also comes mainly from the time of the monastery. One building has a Gothic shield gable with profiled stone.
gallery
Monastery church from the south, with recognizable arches of the Romanesque previous building
Choir of the church, from the northeast
Church, north side, with Romanesque north entrance
Church, Romanesque north entrance
Choir of the church, interior shot
Baptismal remnants in the church
Sacrament house in the choir of the church
Lavabonische in the choir of the church
Gravestone remnants in the church
Spolia at the choir entrance in the church
literature
- Bernhard Hermann Röttger, Karl Busch, Max Goering: The art monuments of the Palatinate , issue 7, volume 6: District map of Kirchheimbolanden (= The art monuments of Bavaria). District Palatinate, VII. Ed. from the State Office for Monument Preservation. District Office Kirchheimbolanden, Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 1938, DNB 366496794 , pp. 195–203
- State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: Cultural Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , Volume 15: Donnersbergkreis. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms, 1997, ISBN 3-88462-153-X , pp. 274-277
- Karl Obry: 850 years of Reform Basilica Hane, Bolanden: 1129–1179. Edited by the Bolander Heimatverein. Heimatverein, Bolanden, 1979, ²1982, DNB 890449333
- Franz Xaver Remling : Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria. Volume 1, Neustadt an der Haardt, 1836, pp. 151–164 (digital scan)
- Michael Frey : Attempt of a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal Bavarian Rhine district , volume 1.FC Neidhard, Speyer 1837, pp. 257–270 (digital scan)
Web links
- Bolanden Monastery . Donnersberg Tourism Association
- From the story of Bolanden . Verbandsgemeinde Kirchheimbolanden, June 9, 2017
- Hartmut Geißler: The Bolander and their importance for Ingelheim . Ingelheim story, February 25, 2017
Individual evidence
- ^ Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz: Yearbook for West German State History , Volume 35, 2009, p. 183; (Detail scan)
- ^ Website of the Premonstratensian Order for the Hane Monastery
- ^ Karl Obry: The late Gothic monastery church Hane in Bolanden: Assumed start of construction in 1487 . In: Donnersberg yearbook 1983 . Edited by the Donnersbergkreis. Arbogast, Otterbach, 1982.
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 38 " N , 8 ° 0 ′ 50.5" E