Günz Ice Age

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The Günz glacial period (also Günz glacial , Günz complex or outdated Günz ice age ) is a glacial period of the Pleistocene . It applies in the traditional four-membered glacial scheme of the Alps is considered the oldest, although there are signs of even older glaciations in the Alpine foothills, so that today expected at least eight to 15 glaciations. The name goes back to Albrecht Penck and Eduard Brückner , who named this Cold Age after the Günz in their multi-volume work The Alps in the Ice Age , published between 1901 and 1909 . The type region is the Iller-Lech-Platte . The Günz glacial period followed the Danube-Günz interglacial and was replaced by the Günz-Haslach interglacial .

The corresponding stage in Northern Europe is called the Elbe Cold Age (outdated Elbe Ice Age ).

structure

The first description by Penck & Brückner referred to the old terminal moraines and older gravel in the region of the Salzach glacier . The older slab gravel described by Graul in 1943 in the area around the Rhine Glacier and the southern Iller-Lech plate are also placed in the Günz Glaciation ; and also the intermediate terraces of the northern Iller-Lech-Platte and the terrace sequence in the Aindling area , which Löscher had eliminated in 1976 .

The conditions in the area of ​​the Iller-Lech-Platte suggest that the Günz glacial period includes at least three glacials. The magnetization of the sediments at Höchst and near Heiligenberg proves that the oldest glacial reaches as far as the Brunhes - Matuyama border and thus still has Old Pleistocene parts. The majority of the older ballast is placed in the Brunhes polarity zone and thus in the Middle Pleistocene . The Günz glacial period is paralleled with the glacials A and B of the Cromer complex and the Dorst glacial of the Bavelium complex in the Netherlands. With this parallelization, it corresponds to MIS 16, 18 and 20 and is therefore around 600,000 to 800,000 years old. If the Linge Glacial (MIS 22) of the bavelium had to be parallelized with the Günz glacial period, it would have started about 900,000 years ago. However, evidence of deposits or river terraces from this period in the German Alpine foothills is still pending.

In Switzerland, the Günz glacial period falls during the period of gravel glaciations .

Occurrence

The main remains are the older gravel , which was deposited fluvioglacial and in some cases forms important groundwater reservoirs. They occur in a number of smaller gravel areas in Swabia (especially the Zeiler gravel ), south of Munich and near Mühldorf am Inn . In Upper Austria , the older slab gravel of the Traun-Enns-Platte is also part of the legacy of the Günz Glaciation. Other deposits of this period are floating earth , loess -Ablagerungen and various derived loams .

Moraines of the Günz glacial period are the oldest old moraines that have been reliably proven in the northern Alpine foothills . From the Günz glaciation fragments of moraines especially in the eastern foothills of the Alps, as the territory of the Salzach glacier and Traun glacier - this came to Mindelzeit no longer part about as far forward later. East of Linz, the pouring of the Günzzeit ( older ceiling gravel ) extends as far as the Danube, sometimes even beyond it at the foot of the Bohemian Massif . In the area of ​​the western Bavarian Alpine foothills between the Rhine Glacier and the Inn-Chiemsee Glacier, all traces of earlier glaciations were destroyed by the glaciers of the Mindel and Riss glaciers .

literature

  • KA Habbe, with the collaboration of D. Ellwanger and R. Becker-Haumann: Stratigraphic terms for the Quaternary of the southern German Alpine foothills . In: T. Litt on behalf of the German Stratigraphic Commission 2007 (Ed.): Ice Age and Present / Quaternary Science Journal . 56, No. 1/2. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), ISSN  0424-7116 , p. 66-83 , doi : 10.3285 / eg.56.1-2.03 ( article ).
  • T. Litt et al .: The Quaternary in the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 . In: Newsletters in Stratigraphy . tape 41 , no. 1-3 . Berlin, Stuttgart, p. 385–399 ( deuqua.de [PDF; 124 kB ] Table (PDF) [PDF; 182 kB]).
  • Albrecht Penck, Eduard Brückner: The Alps in the Ice Age . CH Tauchnitz, Leipzig (1901–1909; 1199 pages in three volumes).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Walter Freudenberger and Klaus Schwerd: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 500000 with explanations. 1 card + explanations + 8 supplements . 4th edition. Bavarian Geological State Office, Munich 1996, p. 238 ff .
  2. ↑ Ueli Reinmann: On the trail of the Ice Age in the Wangen a. A. New findings based on soil studies in the terminal moraine area of ​​the Rhone Glacier . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 47 , 2004, p. 135–152 ( biblio.unibe.ch [PDF; 12.5 MB ]).
  3. ^ H. Graul: On the morphology of the Ingolstadt clearing landscape . In: Research on German regional studies . tape 43 . Leipzig 1943, p. 1-114 .
  4. ↑ M. Löscher: The pre-worm period gravel deposits in the northern Iller-Lech plate . In: Heidelberg Geographical Works . tape 45 . Heidelberg 1976, p. 1-157 .
  5. ↑ Habbe 2007 , p. 74
  6. ↑ Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Maureen E. Raymo: A Plio-Pleistocene Stack of 57 Globally Distributed Benthic δ 18 O Records . In: Paleoceanography . tape 20 , 2005 ( pdx.edu ( Memento from June 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.1 MB ]). A Plio-Pleistocene Stack of 57 Globally Distributed Benthic δ 18 O Records ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web.pdx.edu
  7. ↑ Glacier deposits and glacial forms. GEOPOLAR, Institute for Geography, Faculty 8, University of Bremen , accessed on February 4, 2010 .
  8. ^ Hydrogeological overview of Bavaria: sub-area of ​​southern German moraine region. (PDF file, 154 kB) Internet offer of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment , accessed on February 4, 2010 .
  9. ^ Geological map of Salzburg 1: 200,000. Explanations. (2009), 30, 29, 28 advance gravel; Ground and terminal moraine; Older ceiling gravel [Günz] ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (online, geomap.geolba.ac.at @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / geomap.geolba.ac.at