Beaver Cold Age

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The beaver glacial period (also beaver glacial , beaver complex or colloquially the beaver ice age ) is the oldest glacial period of the Pleistocene . It is not included in the traditional four-part cold -time scheme of the Alps according to Albrecht Penck and Eduard Brückner , the name was chosen by Ingo Schaefer in 1953 based on the naming of the traditional Penck scheme after the Biberbach northwest of Augsburg . The type region is the perennial plate in the Iller-Lech plate and the Staufenberg gravel staircase in the Aindling area . The beaver glacial period is followed by the beaver-Danube interglacial .

structure

In 1953, Schaefer defined the Biber ice age according to the gravel bodies of the perennial plate in the area of ​​the Iller-Lech plate and in the Aindlinger terrace sequence by combining the so-called middle and upper cover gravel . These correspond to the Staufenberg gravel stairs of the Iller-Lech-Platte, which Scheunenpflug removed in 1974, and the so-called high gravel of the Aindling area. The crystalline lying facies , which Löscher separated in 1976 in the Rhine glacier area of the western Riß-Iller plate, should also be paralleled with this . The gravel in the Iller-Lech area, which is attributed to the Biber Glaciation, is mostly heavily weathered and can be traced back to the Limestone Alps . The crystalline lying facies of Löscher, on the other hand, go back to parent rocks of the Molasse zone .

The connection with the breakdown used in northern Germany and the Netherlands is not clear. The beaver glaciation is correlated with either the Eburonium complex or the Praetiglium complex in the Netherlands. In the first case, it would correspond to MIS 56 to 62, i.e. it would be roughly in the period between 1.6 and 1.8 million years before today; in the second case, it would correspond approximately to MIS 96 to 100, and would therefore have been before 2 , 4 to 2.588 million. However, the correlation is fraught with problems due to the knowledge that the corresponding deposits in the Netherlands were probably not controlled by climatic changes. There are similar doubts about climatic reasons for the deposits, which are viewed as beaver-temporal, for the Alpine region; tectonic control is possible, for example, as a result of uplift phases in the Alps. The sequence and shape of the gravel bodies make it probable that during their formation there were multiple changes between river erosion and accumulation .

The beaver glaciation corresponds at least partially to the Swiss gravel glaciations .

Occurrence

Gravel classified in the Biber Cold Age (also the oldest ceiling gravel ) occurs northwest of Augsburg ( Stauffenberg gravel ), as well as northeast ( Hohenrieder gravel ) and southwest of Augsburg ( gravel of the perennial plate ). This also includes isolated gravel deposits from the Hochfirst near Mindelheim and the Stoffersberg near Landsberg am Lech . It is possible that gravel, which is widespread in the Sundgau , belongs to the beaver glaciation.

literature

  • KA Habbe, with the collaboration of D. Ellwanger and R. Becker-Haumann: Stratigraphic terms for the Quaternary of the southern German Alpine foothills . In: T. Litt on behalf of the German Stratigraphic Commission 2007 (Ed.): Ice Age and Present / Quaternary Science Journal . tape 56 , no. 1/2 . E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), ISSN  0424-7116 , p. 66-83 , doi : 10.3285 / eg.56.1-2.03 ( article ).
  • T. Litt et al .: The Quaternary in the Stratigraphic Table of Germany 2002 . In: Newsletters in Stratigraphy . tape 41 , no. 1-3 . Berlin, Stuttgart, p. 385–399 ( explanations; PDF file, 124 kB and table; PDF file, 182 kB ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ I. Schaefer: Sur la division du Quaternaire dans l'avant-pays des Alpes en Allemagne . In: Actes IV Congres INQUA, Rome / Pise 1953 . tape 2 , 1956, p. 910-914 .
  2. ^ I. Schaefer: Explanations of the geological map of Augsburg and the surrounding area, 1: 50,000 . Ed .: Bavarian Geological State Office, Munich. 1957 (92 pp.).
  3. ↑ L. Scheunenpflug: On the stratigraphy of old Pleistocene gravel southwest to northeast Augsburg (eastern Iller-Lech plate) . In: Heidelberg geographical works . tape 40 . Heidelberg 1974, p. 87-94 .
  4. ↑ M. Löscher: The pre-worm period gravel deposits in the northern Iller-Lech plate . In: Heidelberg Geographical Works . tape 45 . Heidelberg 1976, p. 1-157 .
  5. ↑ Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Maureen E. Raymo: A Plio-Pleistocene Stack of 57 Globally Distributed Benthic δ 18 O Records . In: Paleoceanography . tape 20 , 2005 ( PDF file; 1.1 MB ( memento from June 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed February 17, 2010]). A Plio-Pleistocene Stack of 57 Globally Distributed Benthic δ 18 O Records ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web.pdx.edu
  6. ↑ Gibbard, PL, Cohen, KM: Global stratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years. In: Episodes . tape 31 , 2008, p. 243-247 .
  7. ↑ Kuhlmann, G .: High resolution stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern North Sea during the Neogene - An integrated study of Late Cenozoic marine deposits from the northern part of the Dutch offshore area. (Thesis Utrecht University) . In: Geologica Ultraiectina, Mededelingen van de Faculteit Aardwetenschappen . tape 245 . Utrecht 2004, p. 1-205 .
  8. ↑ Meijer, T., Cleveringa, P., Munsterman, DK, Verreussel, RMCH: The Early Pleistocene Praetiglian and Ludhamian pollen stages in the North Sea Basin and their relationship to the marine isotope record. In: Journal of Quaternary Science . tape 21 , 2006, p. 307-310 .
  9. ↑ Gibbard, PL, Cohen, KM: Global stratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years. In: Episodes . tape 31 , 2008, p. 243-247 .
  10. ↑ Ueli Reinmann: On the trail of the Ice Age in the Wangen a. A. New findings based on soil studies in the terminal moraine area of ​​the Rhone Glacier. In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 47 , 2004, p. 135–152 ( unibe.ch [PDF; 12.5 MB ]).
  11. ^ Walter Freudenberger and Klaus Schwerd: Geological map of Bavaria 1: 500000 with explanations. 1 card + explanations + 8 supplements . 4th edition. Bavarian Geological State Office, Munich 1996, p. 238 ff .