Amandus of Worms

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
King Dagobert I kneels before St. Amandus von Worms, Baroque painting (study) by Johann Georg Bergmüller
Finding of the grave of St. Amandus, under the Salzburg Archbishop Arn (baroque painting, collegiate church St. Peter, Salzburg)
St. Amandus von Worms in Ottersheim's coat of arms

Amandus von Worms (* in the 6th or 7th century; † in the 7th century) was Bishop of Worms . He is considered the saint and patron of the diocese and the city ​​of Worms , and his feast day is October 26th .

Life and cult

The sources on Amandus are extremely sparse; Origin and dates of life are unclear, tradition has passed on a holy way of life. It is mentioned in a falsified, but largely historically correct document of the 10th century. She names the bishop around 628 as the recipient of the place Ladenburg , which King Dagobert I gave to the diocese of Worms , whereby the document also refers to Dagobert III. who ruled from 711 to 715.

The next but one successor to Bishop Amandus in Worms, St. Rupert , is said to have greatly revered his predecessor and to have transferred the majority of his relics to Salzburg around 700 , where he also founded the cult of the Worms bishop. The bones are still here today in the collegiate church of St. Peter , under the Amandus altar; the original place of burial and worship, which goes back to Rupert, was located in the nearby Petersfriedhof , under the current Margaret Chapel (originally Amandus Chapel).

Rupert's successor Archbishop Arn from Salzburg had this tomb renewed around 800. It has been proven that he found the bones and worship of Amandus here and did not first transfer them there, as is often claimed. In 803, the scholar Alcuin reported that Arn rebuilt and consecrated the Salzburg Church of St. Amandus, which had been in ruins for a long time. Since Archbishop Arn was previously the abbot of the Elno Monastery founded by St. Amandus of Maastricht , he probably also brought his worship to Salzburg, which was mixed with the cult of the Bishop of Worms of the same name and partly overlaid it. Various historians even hold the opinion that both saints appearing around the same time and in connection with King Dagobert I are identical, especially since no historical sources exist about the concrete work of Amandus in Worms. The monastery historian Amandus Pachler published an extensive treatise there in 1661 on the history of the worship of Amandus and the transfer of relics from Worms to Salzburg . It is entitled: Historia de Corpore S. Amandi, huius nominis primi, in ordine vero secundi episcopi Wormatiensis, a S. Ruperto Wormatia Salisburgum translato . The wooden Amandus shrine from the 13th century, in which the bones were previously stored, is still kept in St. Peter's Abbey (Salzburg) .

The calendar of the Amorbach Abbey from the early 11th century lists Amandus as a saint, which already shows a cult of worship at that time. Around 1200 it is also included in the rituals of the Biburg Monastery .

Amandus was venerated as a diocesan patron in the lost diocese of Worms, as well as being the patron of the city of Worms. A church consecrated to him was first mentioned in 1007 at the Liebfrauenkirche , the last remains of which were removed in 1956. There is currently a modern church in Worms-Neuhausen that is under its patronage.

In nearby Ottersheim (today the Diocese of Speyer ), St. Amandus von Worms has been documented as the parish patron since the Middle Ages. When the current church was rebuilt, the builder, Pastor Joseph Schermer, wanted it to be consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 1893 , which Bishop Joseph Georg von Ehrler refused and kept with reference to the rare historical patronage. Johann Goswin Widder proves in 1787 that the court seal of Ottersheim and Immesheim at that time showed St. Bishop Amandus with the appropriate inscription as the patron saint, which is why he still adorns Ottersheim's coat of arms today.

The Belgian Jesuit and Bollandist Daniel Papebroch (1628–1714) stated in his travel records in 1660 that there were Amandus relics on the main altar of the Worms Cathedral at that time , and wrote:

“Above the main altar were four containers, one of which contained the bones of St. Amandus, the other those of St. Burchard ; the other two were filled with earth from the tomb of St. Amandus. "

The trace of the Worms relics is lost after the cathedral fire of 1689 in the Palatinate War of Succession . The described earth from the grave is likely to have been recovered when the bones were raised, possibly under St. Rupert, when he took the majority of the relics with him to Salzburg.

In Worms, Amandusgasse is named after the saint; the old church with its patronage was also located in this area. In addition, there is the senior citizens' residence Amandussift named after Bishop Amandus in the district of Weinsheim .

literature

  • Johannes Hoops , Heinrich Beck: Real Lexicon of Germanic antiquity. Volume 33, p. 246, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2006, ISBN 3-11-018388-9 , (digital scan) .
  • Walter von Arx: The monastery rituals of Biburg. Volume 14 of: Spicilegium Friburgense, texts on the history of church life. Universitätsverlag Freiburg, Switzerland 1970, p. 42, (digital scan) .
  • Joseph Pletz: New Theological Journal. 2nd year, 1st volume, p. 281 a. 282, Vienna 1829; (Digital scan) .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hansjörg Probst: Mannheim before the city was founded , volumes 1–2, p. 47, Mannheim, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, 2006, ISBN 3-7917-2019-8 ; (Detail scan)
  2. ↑ Gerold Bönnen : Worms - city and region in the early Middle Ages from 600–1000 . In: Gerold Bönnen (Ed.): History of the city of Worms . Konrad Theis, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-8062-1679-0 , p. 104 .
  3. ^ Heinrich Büttner : On the early medieval history of the empire on the Rhine , Main and Neckar, Scientific Book Society, 1975, p. 210, ISBN 3-534-06083-0 ; (Detail scan) .
  4. ↑ Online view of the Church Guide Stiftskirche St. Peter, Salzburg, p. 25
  5. ↑ Website of the Margaret Chapel ( Memento from January 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Peter Herz, Peter Schmid, Oliver Stoll: Continuities and discontinuities: from the Celtic times to the Bavarians , Frank & Timme GmbH, 2010, p. 44, ISBN 3-86596-274-2 ; (Digital scan)
  7. ↑ Michael Filz : Historical-critical treatise on the true age of the apostolic activity of St. Rupert in Bavaria, and the foundation of his episcopal church in Salzburg , 2nd edition, Salzburg, 1848, pp. 136-138; (Digital scan)
  8. ↑ Digital view of Amandus Pachler treatise, 1661
  9. ↑ Freiburg diocesan archive. Volumes 91–92, p. 58, Verlag Herder, Freiburg, 1972, (detail scan)
  10. ^ Heinrich Büttner : Amorbach and the Pirmin legend. In: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History. 5th year, 1953, p. 107; mgh-bibliothek.de (PDF).
  11. ^ Friedhelm Jürgensmeier : The Diocese of Worms from Roman times to its dissolution in 1801 , Echter Verlag, Würzburg, 1997, ISBN 3-429-01876-5 , p. 261.
  12. ↑ Eugen Kranzbühler: Disappeared Worms Buildings , Worms, 1905, pp. 7–15; (Digital view)
  13. ↑ Gerold Bönnen and Joachim Kemper: The spiritual Worms: Abbey, monasteries, parishes and hospitals up to the Reformation . In: Gerold Bönnen (Ed.): History of the city of Worms . Konrad Theis, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-8062-1679-0 , p. 696 f .
  14. ^ Website of the diocese of Mainz
  15. ^ Website of the Diocese of Speyer zu St. Amandus, Ottersheim ( Memento from January 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ^ Matthias Köller: 100 Years of the Catholic Parish Church of St. Amandus, Ottersheim, Catholic Parish Office Ottersheim. 1993, p. 44 and 45.
  17. ^ Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the electoral Palatinate on the Rhine. Volume 3, p. 239, Frankfurt, 1787, (digital scan) .
  18. ^ Udo Kindermann : Art monuments between Antwerp and Trento: Descriptions and evaluations by the Jesuit Daniel Papebroch from 1660. First edition, translation and commentary. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-412-16701-0 , p. 92 u. 93. Digital scan .
  19. ↑ Website for the senior citizens' residence Amandusstift .
personal data
SURNAME Amandus of Worms
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Amandus of Salzburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Worms, venerated as a saint, diocese and city patron of Worms
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 7th century