Andreasstift (Worms)

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The Andreasstift with the Andreaskirche is a medieval building complex in Worms . It has been used as a museum for the city of Worms since 1930 .

Andrew's Church, east choir and choir towers

Geographical location

The Andreasstift was initially located outside the former city ​​wall of Worms on a hill, in a building complex that was used by the Dominican order as a " mountain monastery " after the monastery was relocated . The EWR AG administration building on Lutherring is located in this area today .

The new foundation from 1020 is located in the south of the historic city center, directly on the inner city wall, on Weckerlingplatz , the former cemetery of the monastery, near the Worms Cathedral of St. Peter and the Magnus Church . Before the Reformation, this parish church belonged to St. Andrew's monastery.

Church classification

The patronage of the monastery refers to the apostle Andrew . It was one of five collegiate colleges that existed in Worms. The others were the Worms Cathedral of St. Peter, St. Cyriakus in Neuhausen , St. Paul and St. Martin . The collegiate church was the seat of one of the provosts of the diocese of Worms . Later there were four of them. The other provosts had their seats in the abovementioned monasteries, the bishop in that of the cathedral. On the occasion of the oldest surviving mention of St. Andrew, there is (still) talk of seven provosts.

history

Beginnings

This oldest surviving mention of the St. Andreas Collegiate Foundation comes from 1016.

Around 1020, Bishop Burchard moved the St. Andrews monastery to the ring of walls he had restored, to the place where the buildings are still located today. The city wall formed the southern boundary of the building complex. To do this, a church must have already existed at this point. Due to the new building that followed, almost nothing is visible today. A small apse in the crypt could come from this original building, as well as parts of the foundations of the current church. The St. Andrew's Church on the "Andreasberg", at the old location, initially remained.

No other written evidence about the Andreasstift has survived from the entire 11th century. An order about the supply of the canons - allegedly from the year 1068 - is a later forgery.

High Middle Ages

Andreas Church, north view
Cloister

In 1141, Bishop Burchard II regulated the income and ownership of the monastery in line with the forgery dated 1068. The Andreasstift belonged to the

  • Parish Church of St. Magnus,
  • New Year's Eve chapel, in the 14th and 15th centuries with a Valentine's Day ,
  • Lady Chapel,
  • Katharinenkapelle and
  • Quirinius Chapel.

At the end of the 12th century, the monastery administration was increasingly transferred from provost to dean , because the provosts generally held other offices - also across the empire - and did not regularly stay in Worms. Another consequence was that in the second half of the 12th and the first decades of the 13th century the ownership structure between the chapter and the provost was increasingly separated.

Originally there were 20 canon positions, of which five held additional offices: dean, scholaster , cantor , cellar and porter. In 1200 two of the 20 canonical posts were dissolved and their previous income was used to equip the five functional posts better and to invest in agriculture and buildings. In addition, 20 vicars and the pleban (parish priest) of St. Magnus belonged to the monastery, but were not members of the chapter.

Except in the city of Worms, the Andreasstift was above all wealthy in its surrounding area, including 14 patronage churches. The focus was on property on the left bank of the Rhine between Oppenheim and Bad Dürkheim as well as free float that stretched between Bad Salzig and Mußbach on the left bank of the Rhine and Bensheim and Budenbach on the right bank of the Rhine.

Late Middle Ages

A new building for St. Andrew's Church was built from 1130/40 as a three-aisled Romanesque basilica with a straight choir closure between two east-facing towers with a square plan and without a transept from east to west. Correspondences between the west choir of St. Peter's Cathedral and the north portal of St. Andrew's Church suggest that this section was built at the same time, around 1200. After a fire in 1200, a renovation took place. The Gothic windows were also built in. Today only the tracery of the westernmost window in the top of the south wall remains as an original. After being destroyed several times in the following centuries, it served as a model for completing the other windows. The original vaults were also lost when the city was destroyed in 1689 and were only added again in the 20th century. The Gothic east window was broken into the Romanesque masonry around 1300.

Two wings of the Romanesque cloister have been preserved, the other two were lost at an unknown date

After the University of Heidelberg was founded in 1386, Pope Bonifatius IX. two canonicals of the St. Andreas monastery provided for professors of the new university. By 1543, 42 professors are known who were paid in this way.

1499 - at the height of the dispute between the city of Worms and the local clergy - the monastery emigrated to Ladenburg for 10 years . During this time the canons adopted a new order, which was confirmed by Bishop Johann von Dalberg . It was the first written set of rules for the pen. Previously, this was based on tradition and individual decisions.

Between 1301 and 1461 10 letters of indulgence were issued in favor of the Andreasstift or chapels assigned to it .

Modern times

Andrew's Church before it was destroyed in 1689 (detail from: Peter Hamman: Instead of Wormbß like the same in 1631 before the Swedish ruin of the Vorstätt [...] remained )
Destroyed monastery building after 1689 (detail from: Peter Hamman: View of the city of Worms after the destruction in 1689 from the south )

The Reformation marked a deep turning point in the life of the monastery. Five canons became Protestant as early as the 1520s , two even in the year of Martin Luther's appearance at the Diet in Worms in 1521 . Among them was Ulrich Preu , known as Schlaginhaufen, the parish priest of the Magnus Church belonging to the monastery. This was subsequently lost to the pen to the Lutherans , which tried to defend itself, among other things, with a process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce, but ultimately did not succeed. Another spectacular event was the conversion of the Stiftsscholaster Hartmann Renner to Protestantism in 1612 , who also succeeded in transferring his benefices to the University of Heidelberg and alienating them from the monastery. Such incidents permanently reduced the number of canonicals of the monastery. In 1761 there were only six other canons in addition to the five officials, in 1771 only five with the dissolution of 1802 only four.

During the Thirty Years' War the Swedes occupied the city in 1631. The Catholic clergy - and thus also the canons of St. Andrew - fled. After the war, it was very difficult to return to an orderly monastery life, also because at least some of the canons tended to rather secular ways of life. Bishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn (since 1663) tried to turn this off with visitations .

In 1689 the city - and with it also the Andreasstift - was systematically destroyed by the troops of King Ludwig XIV during the Palatinate War of Succession . The canons fled to the right bank of the Rhine. In the Andreasstift the destruction affected all buildings, the church furnishings, including the organ and bells, and the library. The damage amounted to 60,000 florins plus 26,000 florins in lost income. The reconstruction dragged on until 1761.

Profane after-use

City wall with Christoffelturm, the provost's curia, today the museum of the city of Worms

In 1792 Worms was occupied by France and annexed in 1797/98 . According to the French administration, the Andreasstift had accumulated debts of 65,000 florins. The French administration confiscated the church property and initially used it as a barracks. From 1810, the facility was owned by the city, which auctioned part of it in 1824. The church found no buyer. In the years that followed, urban vehicles, hearses and fire engines were parked here. There was massive interference in the structure of the north wall of the church, gates broken into and the windows walled up. These changes were eliminated when the building was converted into a museum.

At the end of the 1920s, the facility was upgraded again. Thanks to a donation from Maximilian von Heyl (1844–1925) and his wife Doris, the building could be renovated and there with the from the Altertumsverein Worms e. V., which was previously housed in the Paulus Abbey , will be set up in the municipal museum. During the renovation work to a museum, the buildings were freely and historically added to a considerable extent. On July 1, 1930, the end of the French occupation of the left bank of the Rhine that had lasted since November 1918 , the new city museum was opened in the presence of the Hessian President Bernhard Adelung .

In the last months of the Second World War , the Andreasstift was also badly damaged by Allied air raids . It was rebuilt from 1945 to 1947, during the time of the French occupation . From 2007 to 2013 the monastery building and church were restored again. The museum has been closed since 2019 due to structural problems.

Completion of the cloister

A project to rebuild the two destroyed wings of the cloister was initiated by the Altertumsverein Worms eV. From 2018 to 2020 the two wings were freely reconstructed (there are no historical templates and it is unknown what they looked like), mainly financed by private donations. During the preparatory work, around 50 medieval graves and remains of the original columns were found.

Toast

See also

literature

  • Jürgen Keddigkeit and Aquilante de Filippo: Worms, St. Andreas . In: Jürgen Keddigkeit, Matthias Untermann, Sabine Klapp, Charlotte Lagemann, Hans Ammerich (eds.): Pfälzisches Klosterlexikon. Handbook of the Palatinate Monasteries, Stifts and Coming , Volume 5: T – Z. Institute for Palatinate History and Folklore. Kaiserslautern 2019. ISBN 978-3-927754-86-7 , pp. 662–712.
  • Peter Schmidt and Stefanie Fuchs: Worms, St. Andreas, later St. Maria Magdalena . In: Jürgen Keddigkeit , Matthias Untermann , Sabine Klapp , Charlotte Lagemann , Hans Ammerich (eds.): Pfälzisches Klosterlexikon. Handbook of the Palatinate Monasteries, Stifts and Coming , Volume 5: T – Z. Institute for Palatinate History and Folklore. Kaiserslautern 2019. ISBN 978-3-927754-86-7 , pp. 505-531.

Web links

Commons : Andreasstift  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ A list of the provosts can be found in Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 672.
  2. ↑ He owned the Kleinniedesheim Castle , which his father had built. He sold it for 22,000 florins (Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 668).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schmidt and Fuchs, p. 505f.
  2. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 686.
  3. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 663.
  4. ^ Schmidt and Fuchs, p. 507.
  5. ^ Schmidt and Fuchs, pp. 505, 507.
  6. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 663.
  7. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 689.
  8. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 663.
  9. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 663.
  10. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, pp. 684,702.
  11. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 665.
  12. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 663.
  13. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 663.
  14. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 677.
  15. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 682.
  16. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, pp. 679–681.
  17. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 691.
  18. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 694.
  19. ^ Friedrich Maria Illert : Worms on the Rhine - guide through history and sights . Erich Norberg, Worms 1964, p. 85 .
  20. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 676.
  21. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, pp. 663, 669.
  22. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 684.
  23. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 667.
  24. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 667.
  25. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 668.
  26. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 669.
  27. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, pp. 667f.
  28. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 668.
  29. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 668.
  30. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 669.
  31. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 695.
  32. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 669.
  33. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, pp. 696, 698.
  34. ^ Homepage of the Museum of the City of Worms in the Andreasstift .
  35. ↑ Susanne Müller: Worms: When working on the cloister of the Andreasstift museum, 50 graves come to light. In: Wormser Zeitung. October 1, 2018, accessed October 1, 2018 .
  36. ^ Website of the Andreasstift Worms, with a mention of Peter Anton von Clapis
  37. ↑ Keddigkeit and de Filippo, p. 668.

Coordinates: 49 ° 37 ′ 41.4 ″  N , 8 ° 21 ′ 26.9 ″  E