Juspa Schammes

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Juspa Schammes (born February 14, 1604 in Fulda ; † February 5, 1678 in Worms ) was a chronicler of the Jewish community of Worms and a writer.

Life

Personal

He was born the son of Rabbi Juda in Fulda. In 1625 he married the Worms Jewess Breunge or Faierchen (* before 1610; † August 8, 1688), daughter of Michel and Güttle, who lived in the house "Zur hinter Sichel" in the Judengasse in Worms. Juspa and his wife had five children:

  • Elieser Liebermann († after 1696)
  • Jacob († 1667)
  • Israel Moses Sanwil († 1699)
  • Tamar († 1666)
  • Mindele († 1723)

Juspa Schammes was friends with David Oppenheimer . Juspa Schammes died in 1678 and was buried on the Holy Sands . His gravestone has not been preserved and was probably destroyed in the Second World War.

Training and work

He celebrated his bar mitzvah on August 14, 1617 . In 1620 he studied in the yeshiva in Fulda with Rabbi Pinchas Levi Hurwitz from Prague. In 1623 he came to Worms as a result of Elia ben Mosche Loanz (1555 or around 1564 to 1636), also from Fulda , called Baal-Schem, to continue studying with the well-known Kabbalist at the yeshiva there.

He performed numerous tasks in the Jewish community of Worms . He was shammes and writer . In the latter capacity, he issued official documents, such as divorce letters , and was an official witness in business transactions. He made transcriptions for Rabbi Moses Simson Bacharach (1607–1670), who had been rabbi in Worms since 1650. In addition, Juspa was probably also active as a Torah writer and could, if necessary, slaughter and perform circumcisions .

He became known through his writing activities, of which, however, nothing appeared in print during his lifetime: he collected customs, habits, music, and stories about the Worms community and wrote them down. These records are today a highly valuable primary source on Worms Judaism in the early modern period . His main works are:

  • The Sefer Ma'aseh Nisim , a collection of local sagas and legends published by his son Elieser Liebermann after the death of his father when he lived in exile in Amsterdam after the destruction of Worms in the Palatinate War of Succession in 1689 . The book appeared in numerous editions in the 17th and 18th centuries. The original manuscript is no longer available, so it is unclear whether Juspa wrote the text in Hebrew or Yiddish . The printed version contains 25 stories, two of which are encores by Elieser Liebermann.
  • The Minhagbuch , a collection of customs of the Jewish community in Worms. It contains the locally customary liturgical regulations, the customs of the annually repeated feasts and the rites of passage in the course of human life. In addition, Juspa Schammes recorded current events. There are three known - differing - manuscripts of the Minhag book:
    • David Oppenheimer originally owned a copy. It is now in the Bodleian Library in Oxford (Codex Oxford 909). This is reproduced as a facsimile at Eidelberg.
    • Another copy was in the possession of the Lehren family in Amsterdam and was sold to A. Epstein after an auction in 1899. It was in the possession of a family in Jerusalem in the 1980s and is now also said to have reached the Bodleian Library in Oxford.
    • A third copy is owned by the Mainz Jewish Community and is on loan from the Raschi-Haus Museum in Worms. It was saved because the last rabbi of Worms, Dr. Helmut Frank (Jakob bar Israel), who was able to take it with him when he emigrated to the USA in 1938. In 1972 he returned it to the Mainz Jewish Community, legal successor to the Worms Jewish Community.
  • The Pinkas HaKehila is a directory of notarized business contracts. The assignment of authorship to Juspa Schammes is probably controversial. Eidelberg gives entries from the years 1656 to 1659.

literature

Works

  • Ma'aseh Nis.
    Elieser Li [e] berman (Ed.): Sefer Ma'aseh Nisim .
    • the s̀efer is called therefore (maʿaśe nissîm) because it werėn darinen farzėlt grossė (nissîm u-niflāʾôt) as his… . Ascher Ansch el Ben-Elieser, Amsterdam 1696.
    • like Amsterdam 1723.
    • like Homburg 1725.
    • like Fuerth 1767.
    • like Sulzbach 1767.
    • like two editions, Frankfurt an der Oder 1702.
    • like Offenbach (am Main) 1777.
    • Samson Rothschild: From the past and present of the Israelite community in Worms. 7th edition. J. Kaufmann, Frankfurt 1929.
    • Also in: Eidelberg: R. Juspa. Pp. 53-93.
    • Fritz Reuter, Ulrike Schäfer: Miracle stories from Warmeisa. Juspa Schammes, his Ma'asseh nissim and the Jewish Worms in the 17th century . Warmeisa, Worms 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-017077-5 (the reproduction is based on the translation by Samson Rothschild)
  • Minhag Book:
    • Also in: Eidelberg: R. Juspa. Pp. 17-45 (English).
    • Isaak Holzer: From the life of the old Jewish community in Worms. In: Ernst Róth: Festschrift for the rededication of the Old Synagogue in Worms . Ner Tamid Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1961, pp. 202-213.
    • Yair Hayim ben Moshe Shimshon Bacharach (Ed.): Wormser Minhagbuch by R. Jousep (Juspa) Schammes: According to the author's handwriting, complete for the first time . Mifal Torahth Chachmey Aschkenaz / Machon, Jerusalem 1988. 1st volume 1988; Volume 2, 1992. (Hebrew)
  • Pinkas HaKehila (Book of Business Contracts). Excerpts in: Eidelberg: R. Juspa. Pp. 97-108.

Literature on Juspa Schammes

  • Shlomoh Eidelberg: The Minhag book by Juspa Schammes. In: The Wormsgau . 14 (1982/86), pp. 20-30.
  • Shlomoh Eidelberg: R. Juspa, shammash of Warmaisa (Worms). Jewish Life in 17th Century (Worms) . The Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1991, ISBN 965-223-762-0 .
  • Lucia Raspe: Yuzpa Shammes and the Narrative Tradition of Medieval Worms. In: Karl E. Grözinger (Ed.): Jewish culture in the ShUM cities: literature, music, theater . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2014, pp. 99–118.
  • Fritz Reuter : Warmaisa: 1000 years of Jews in Worms. 3. Edition. Self-published, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-8391-0201-5 .
  • Fritz Reuter, Ulrike Schäfer: Miracle stories from Warmeisa. Juspa Schammes, his Ma'asseh nissim and the Jewish Worms in the 17th century . Warmaisa, Worms 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-017077-5 .
  • Nathanael Riemer: Jews and Christians in Juspa Schamme's "Mayse Nissim" and the self-image of the Worms Jewish community as an Ashkenazi "Jerusalem" in a fragile homeland on this side. In: Karl E. Grözinger (Ed.): Jewish culture in the ShUM cities: literature, music, theater . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2014, pp. 119–136.

Remarks

  1. ↑ With full name: Jiftach Joseph Juspa ben Naftali Herz (Hirz) Segal from the Manzpach family (so in the longest form in: Rasp: Yuzpa Shammes. P. 100); in a modern version: Jiftach Joseph Juspa, son of Naftali Herz from the Levi tribe from the Manzpach family (Eidelberg: Das Minhagbuch. p. 21). Shorter forms are also used with the omission of individual parts of the name, as well as a number of different spellings, some of which are more based on the English-language rendering of Hebrew characters.
  2. ↑ He must have taken over the office between 1642 and 1647 (Reuter / Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. P. 80).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 77.
  2. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 80.
  3. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 78.
  4. ^ So: Eidelberg: R. Juspa. P. 10.
  5. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 78.
  6. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 80.
  7. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 80; a photograph has been preserved: Eidelberg: R. Juspa. P. 113.
  8. ^ Eidelberg: R. Juspa. P. 9.
  9. ^ Reuter: Warmaisa. P. 55.
  10. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 79.
  11. ↑ Riemer: Jews and Christians. P. 121ff; Eidelberg: R. Juspa. P. 12.
  12. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 86.
  13. ↑ See: Raspe: Yuzpa Shammes. P. 100, note 9 and the local section “Literature”.
  14. ↑ Raspe: Yuzpa Shammes. P. 102f; Reuter / Schäfer: miracle stories. P. 85.
  15. ↑ Raspe: Yuzpa Shammes. P. 100.
  16. ↑ Eidelberg: The Minhagbuch. P. 24.
  17. ^ Eidelberg: R. Juspa. P. א 1 - א 115.
  18. ^ So: Eidelberg: Das Minhagbuch. P. 24.
  19. ↑ S [alomon] Rothschild: The Archive of the Jewish community of Worms. In: From the Rhine. Supplement to Wormser Zeitung 1 (1902), p. 21.
  20. ↑ Eidelberg: The Minhagbuch. P. 24.
  21. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 86.
  22. ↑ F. Reuter, U. Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. 2007, p. 86; Eidelberg: The Minhag Book. P. 24.
  23. ↑ Eidelberg: The Minhagbuch. P. 24.
  24. ↑ Eidelberg: The Minhagbuch. P. 25.
  25. ↑ See: Reuter / Schäfer: Wundergeschichten. P. 79, but is accepted as certain by others: Eidelberg: R. Juspa. P. 97f.
  26. ^ Eidelberg: R. Juspa. Pp. 100-108.
  27. ↑ Proof of the following issues from: Riemer: Juden und Christisten. P. 120, note 6.
  28. ↑ 1st edition: 1910, the following editions steadily expanded, last edition: 7th edition. 1929 (Riemer: Juden und Christen. P. 120).
  29. ↑ Raspe: Yuzpa Shammes. P. 100, note 9.
personal data
SURNAME Schammes, Juspa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jiftach Joseph Juspa ben Naftali Herz Segal from the Manzpach family; Jiftach Joseph Juspa ben Naftali Hirz Segal from the Manzpach family
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Writer and chronicler of the Jewish community of Worms
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1604
PLACE OF BIRTH Fulda
DATE OF DEATH February 5, 1678
Place of death Worms