Ibersheimer Wörth

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The Ibersheimer Wörth is a former river island of the Upper Rhine , which is called Wörth or Werth. The site is located in the district Worms-Ibersheim , between the Rhine-kilometers from 453.5 to 458.4 and in the conservation area Rheinhessisches Rhine area . It is the largest protected landscape area within the city limits of Worms. Further protection was discussed because this area is valuable for culture and nature .

District around 1720 with Rhine islands
Heinr. Haaß: Military situation map, 1799
Friedr. Wilh. Delkeskamp: New Panorama of the Rhine , 1842

geography

In the Upper Rhine Valley Trench, various deposits ( clay , silt , gravel , sand ) that led to an island were created in the Tertiary and Quaternary periods as a result of the slowly flowing and different floods of the Rhine .

Rhine holes

The former Rhine island between the Neurhein at river kilometers 453.5 to 458.5 and an old Rhine arm of about four kilometers in length with the names:

  • Rheinlöcher is what the Ibersheimers call their part, originally about two kilometers, which today only begins at the Nativity Trail .
  • Scheidegraben is the name because of the boundary between Ibersheim and Hamm through the former Altrheinarm, also called appendix .

The Ibersheimer Wörth lies in the district of Worms-Ibersheim with the name according to historical, geographical and public law reasons.

The northern end of the island can be seen on historical maps of the Rhine from 1799 and 1842 at today's boundary between Ibersheim and Hamm, on the road to the Rhine (formerly Gasthaus Schmittel). The southern tip was at the boundary between Ibersheim and Rheindürkheim . There is an impact slope of the Rhine. When a new Rhine dam was built from 1801 under the Napoleonic government in the Donnersberg department , the inlet to the Old Rhine was closed there. The difficult hydraulic engineering measure was then transferred to the Brubacher family, who had gained relevant experience in their Swiss homeland, the Bernese Oberland. With the closure of this inlet, the Old Rhine arm (Rheinlöcher / Scheidegraben) became a still water . There is an inflow or outflow to regulate the level in the north of the Hamm district, near the former poplar group of Twelve Apostles .

The Ibersheimer Wörth is described in 1830 and 1845: Ibersheimer Wörth, Rheinau, consists of forest and meadows and belongs to Ibersheim. This Au, partly stately, partly private, is not protected by any dam.

Around 1900 the Wörth was divided into five islands:

  • The red Wörth, overgrown with oaks and other trees, 88 acres in size.
  • The great Wörth, with a large pond and swampy pool, 250 acres in size.
  • The Bachertwörth, half overgrown with willows and half sandy, 40 acres in size.
  • The Weidenwörth, located towards Groß-Rohrheim , overgrown with pastures , 10 acres in size.
  • The Gänswörth, across from Hamm , vanishingly small.

A natural network between the Ibersheimer Wörth and the valuable natural areas behind the main Rhine dike was conceivable. Therefore, in 1966/67, two sub-areas were proposed to be designated as natural monuments , but this did not take place:

  • Ibersheimer Wäldchen , rest of alluvial forest with approx. 7.8 ha in the Gewann Mittellache (called Mittlach) and
  • Neuloch , in 1824 when a dam broke, about 1.7 hectares were washed out

history

The Ibersheimer Wörth has its own eventful history:

  • The customs privileges of 1261 and 1290 show that the Coming Ibersheim of the Teutonic Order had a supply function for wine and wine barrels for the Ballei Koblenz . Of the oaks on the Wörth were barrels produced on site. With Ibersheimer wine is then supplied his bailiwick in Koblenz , duty-free at the individual Rhine-inch centers, with the ship.
  • The Salmengrund on the Bachert , a spawning and catching water for salmon or salmon , is specifically mentioned in documents from 1285, 1362, 1418, 1429, 1465, in contracts of the landlords . (Salm is the name given to the fish when it swims upstream to spawn and salmon when it migrates downstream to the sea.)
  • On April 16, 1945, the two young people Erwin Küll (* 1934) and Werner Heusner (* 1936) were killed by found ammunition on the Wörth. Their graves are still cared for in the Ibersheim cemetery today (2012).
  • After the Second World War, water nuts were still found on the pebbly Ibersheim Rhine beach. These were washed ashore in autumn, coming from the Old Rhine in Lampertheim . Because of their unusual shape, the seeds were called "Spitzbubenpfeifchen".

economy

Blue hut on the Ibersheimer Wörth

The existing clay soil on the Wörth was dismantled from the second half of the 19th century and burned into bricks and roof tiles on site. Relics from this time are still the Volze Loch excavator pond and a dilapidated residential hut ( Blaue Hütte / Bloo Hütt ). The brick manufacturer from Ibersheim was Heinrich Volz. The Luckas company from Eich last had an operation there. The workers came from nearby Hamm. - Hand-painted bricks from Ibersheim soil and Ibersheim production still cover the local history museum today. The Ibersheim artist Fritz Kehr provided them with the Ibersheim money shit and sold them to pay for the renovation work on the museum. Many houses in Ibersheim, Hamm and the surrounding area were built with bricks from the Ibersheimer Wörth .

In 1904 the statistics counted 10,831 fruit trees in the entire district. On the other hand, it was said: In the area in front of the Rhine (Busch and Wörth), around 1900, several thousand apple trees were planted on 700 acres . Otto Dahlem from Ibersheim had an exemplary tree plant near his villa from 1900, was represented at international horticultural exhibitions and supplied the grand ducal court of Ernst Ludwig in Darmstadt with apples.

In the 1930s there were 5,000 apple trees there , mainly winter apples and the local variety Red Ibersheim Prinzenapfel . The favorable moisture conditions from the nearby Rhine were an advantage. The following data were published for Ibersheim at that time:

  • Agricultural area: 750 ha, (Hamm 584 ha, Eich 1920 ha)
  • Number of trees: a total of 12,500, of which 8,300 load-bearing pieces, (Hamm 10,500 / 7200, Eich 12,000 / 8200)
  • Tree density: 16.7 per hectare, (Hamm 18.1, Eich 6.2) The Gimbsheim eGmbH district delivery point for fruit and vegetables was used for this catchment area . In the 1950s, the respective products could be sold in Ibersheim for marketing in the Gimsheim market hall.

In spring, the Wörth was a huge sea of ​​flowers that attracted many hikers. Spring begins here in the Upper Rhine Plain and then migrates towards the North and Baltic Seas. The apple tree blossom is the indicator of the biological beginning of spring .

In the 1950s, fruit growing for apples was converted from high-stemmed trees to half-stemmed trees or spindle bushes because tree care and harvesting with high ladders had become too time-consuming. The old apple varieties were also difficult or impossible to sell to foreign competitors. Modern varieties on a very short trunk could produce yields relatively quickly. In these market conditions, it was necessary a few thousand full-grown apple trees within three winters with a tracked vehicle umschieben to leave. With this large-scale clearing, a character tree disappeared on the Ibersheimer Wörth .

Today it is regretted that the old trees with the large crowns are only present in some areas, because high trunks are ecologically valuable for many bird and insect species.

Todays use

The Ibersheimer Wörth is used by many interest groups:

With this diversity and commitment within the group, understanding and consideration for others is necessary so that a balance is maintained among people and any interests can be used.

The different users rate the area as follows:

  • The anglers in Hamm use the Scheidegraben in some places with an additional dredged private fishing water. In 1971, Hammer Angler from the 1970 Hamm Angler Club even won the German Club Championship and thus became the German national team.

The city administration of Worms, city planning office, published an explanatory report in September 1987 for further processing of the protection of characteristic landscape features in Ibersheim. As part of the local development and renewal in Worms-Ibersheim , a position is also taken on nature and landscape protection:

  • Ibersheimer Werth / Wörth , approx. 30–50 ha - suggestion for a nature reserve
  • Ibersheimer Wäldchen , Gewann Mittellache, approx. 7.8 ha - proposal for a natural monument since 1966
  • New hole with surroundings, at the Kreisstraße 15 Ibersheim - Hamm, approx. 1.7 ha - application for a natural monument since 1967
  • Sandhofen Old Rhine , a total of approx. 35 ha, of which 12.5 ha in the Ibersheim district Mittelfeld near Waldgewann - proposal for a protected landscape component . - Since 1985 there has been a 9.3 hectare nature reserve in the Rheindürkheim district, Der Spieß - An der Spießbrücke .

The State Office for Environmental Protection in Oppenheim presented in 1984 a Biotopkartierung in Rheinau area Worms Ibersheim together.

The Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU), group Worms and the surrounding area, maintains seven areas with a total of almost 10 hectares. This is by far the largest area that is managed by the group.

Nature trails

Old hole

If you want to get to know the interesting nature in Ibersheim better, you should get an overview from the "highest point". From the large dam you can see the Rheinaue and the Rhine. On the land side, to the west, nature offers a large plain with agricultural areas. (The district of Ibersheim has an area of ​​almost ten square kilometers.) When the weather is right, you can even see the Donnersberg in the Palatinate , the Melibokus on Bergstrasse and the Feldberg in the Taunus . Right next to the dam are the old hole (1798) and the new hole (1824), which were created after the dam broke through washouts.

After the renovation and expansion of the main Rhine dike in 2004, there is no footpath on the top of the dam. Below, on the land side, however, a cycle path or mountain path has been added that is increasingly used by cycle tourists. This route is now accepted as part of the international Rhine Cycle Route on the Worms - Mainz stage .

The Ibersheimer Wörth is enjoyed by the farmers who are also hunters , the local conservationists and those who have traveled there, and of course the Ibersheimer population uses their Wörth for local recreation . For a long time, efforts were made to leave nature to its own devices and to ensure peace and quiet. However, it is necessary to include the population in nature and landscape protection. Understanding the beauty of our homeland can only be preserved as cultural heritage if one knows and understands the values ​​and then learns to appreciate and protect them. In the future, visitors on foot and bike will have to be led past the idyllic spots and around the nature-sensitive areas. The animal and bird world is to be protected for species conservation from March to June.

The Lower Nature Conservation Authority determined: 100 bird and 24 dragonfly species. The amphibians are said to have developed well. Some endangered species also live there. The Wörth is a true treasure trove of nature.

The beauty of the landscape can be admired along various paths. The meaning of the names is reminiscent of the long history of Ibersheim.

Summer dams

Dam closure at the boundary to Hamm

The former Altrheinarm near Ibersheim and Hamm is called Rheinlöcher for the part on the Ibersheimer district and Scheidegraben (border ditch) in Hamm. On both sides there are so-called summer dams (against the summer floods), towards the bush and on the opposite side towards the Rhine.

  • The dam on the Rhine side runs parallel to Wörthweg and has been leveled in many places over time to improve management and is often barely recognizable. In the north, at the end of Hamm by the road to the Rhine, the milestone of 1867 with 1093 rods from Weil can still be seen on the top of the dam. - The former passage through the dam was widened by US pioneers when they crossed the Rhine in March 1945. One of the side delimitation stones with the two large grooves is now in memory of the local history museum.
  • The landside dam, which protects the Busch district with its valuable arable land, is situated higher up and can be walked on a grass path. However, it should be avoided as a nature-sensitive area during the breeding season and as a shelter for deer. - The dam passage is closed at high water by pushing strong boards between the side recesses and filling the gap.

Kribbenweg

Kribben are groynes , river regulation structures to secure the fairway for shipping . In the past, you could only cross the Rhine lowlands between the town and the Rhine via dams / Kribben / Krippen. The only continuous way to the Rhine was concreted at the end of the 1950s as part of the Green Plan . This is a sunny and sometimes a hot footpath and hiking trail, because there are no shady trees on the sunny side. After the village you first pass the football field, playground and festival area and still reach some old pear trees that used to be auctioned at harvest time.

Woerthweg

This is also a sunny cycling and hiking path that branches off from the Krippenweg towards Hamm and ends at the bridge over the Scheidegraben. Part of the concreting was left out on the way to prevent a moped racetrack. On one side of the path is the meadow with orchards in between. On the other hand are the fields with the different agricultural crops. Until the 1950s, there were still a few thousand apple trees on high trunk in this area , which offered a sea of ​​blossoms in spring. Today at least remnants of the former planting should be shown and available to our native bird life.

Krappenweg

Krappen are ravens and crows . Here they have their feeding places in the fields, where they can fly in flocks and keep their view. Their nesting places are as a colony not far from the natural monument Ibersheimer Wäldchen , Mittlach (Mittellache), between Ibersheim and Eich. This is the longest path that branches off as a field path from Wörthweg and only ends at the boundary, behind Hamm, on the road to the Rhine.

On the way you pass the Bachert , a spawning and fishing ground for salmon and salmon that was known in the Middle Ages . These migratory fish were called salmon when they ascended into the Rhine and salmon after they spawned. In Bachert , which is often dried out , you can find ramshorn snails and white mud snails . The city administration takes care of the stately polluted willows and the driveways, which are prepared as hiking trails to be easily accessible. - At Bachert is the middle of the 5 km long Ibersheimer Rheinstrand.

Galloway cattle herd

In the slightly higher area, clay was dredged around 1900 and bricks and roof tiles were burned from it on site. Here, in the 1950s, children fished out sunfish . After the then Ibersheim owner Heinrich Volz, this particularly protected area is now called Volze Loch .

A herd of Galloway cattle grazes peacefully for a long time between the Krappenweg and the Blauer Hütte . The Gimbsheimer Beny and Gugumus breed White Galloways with white fur, black ears and a black mouth within this breed . This beautiful drawing will delight all hikers and cyclists passing by.

Towpath

A path that runs directly along the river bank is called a towpath so that the wooden barges could be pulled upstream by horses on a line. Depending on the current, the wide path was on the left or right side of the Rhine. The ship pullers came on the five kilometer long Ibersheim route (today river kilometer 453.5 to 458.5) over the Rhine bend of the Kühkopf, past Erfelden and Stockstadt. Then the horses were transferred to the left bank of the Rhine so that they could continue to Worms via Hamm, Ibersheim and Rheindürkheim.

Around 1830, the centuries-old conditions for mountain shipping changed after the first steamers sailed the Upper Rhine and the Rhine breakthrough at the Kühkopf in 1828/29. The Ibersheim towpath is still preserved today. On this way you encounter the diversity of nature, technology, economy and transport, with the constant ship traffic on the international inland waterway Rhine and the Biblis nuclear power plant opposite , only about one kilometer from the village of Ibersheim .

Six groynes are in the direction of Rheindürkheim up to the boundary of the district. When the tide is low, there are very nice and flat sand and pebble beaches between the groynes / cribs, which invite you to search for small mussel shells ( basket clams ).

The quality of the Rhine water is now so high that you no longer have to warn. If necessary, this will be done by the Rheingütestation Worms . The current in the area of ​​the groyne heads is very dangerous due to vortices , which swimmers must be aware of, otherwise there is danger to life.

Small monuments

On the Ibersheimer Wörth and on the Rheinhauptdeich, also called dam, there are various structures with a formerly important function or memorabilia, the importance of which has largely been forgotten today. The earlier erosions ( scour ), after the dam breaches of 1798 (Alte Loch) and 1824 (Neue Loch) are known and appreciated by walkers and cyclists with their vegetation near the shore. The floods of the Rhine caused accidents at that time, against which the local population, despite all their expertise, was powerless. From 1816 the area belonged to the province of Rheinhessen in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . On December 9th, 1825, the government at that time issued an ordinance on the guarding of the Rhine dams in high water on 15 pages. Today the Mannheim Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible for flood protection. However, the affected population has to put a dam guard in times of need.

In Ibersheim there are still rare memorabilia that must be preserved and are in the care of the population.

Kilometer stone
Landmark of the Rottenbezirks

Orientation sign

With the increasing use of the Rhine it became necessary to measure the now international waterway. Various difficulties had to be overcome, because there were originally seven states on the banks of the Rhine that had their own dimensions and set the zero point at the national borders. The Ibersheimer Wörth is the only known place on the Rhine to offer two historically valuable stones as landmarks for length measurement and orientation for navigation on the Rhine.

  • Kilometer stone

On the water side it says: 460, on the land side: 460 km from Konstanz. The stone was cut square and painted white, hence white stone. The location is at river km 457, approx. 100 m inland, approx. 200 m above the Blauer Hütte . - The so-called Myriameter stone No. 29 on the left bank of the Rhine contains the specification of 460 km, but means 46 Myriameter.

  • Kilometer boards

Today there are five large Rheinstrom kilometer boards with the numbers 454 to 458 as kilometers for navigation on the Rhine near the banks of the Ibersheim district.

Landmarks of the Rottenbezirks

In the 19th century, the entire length of the main Rhine dike was divided into Rottenbezirke (embankments) of 3.75 km (1500 Hessian fathoms, 1 Hessian fathom = 2.50 m). The entire Ibersheim district for dike monitoring is now between the district boundaries of Rheindürkheim and Hamm. The boundary stone Ibersheim-Hamm stood near Ibersheim on the so-called Haspelpfad until 2003 and was moved to the boundary of the district in 2005 when the dam was renovated. Today the two stones are on the dike ridge at the boundaries of the district:

  • Ibersheim - Rheindürkheim
  • Ibersheim - Hamm

High water marks

The individual high water levels are marked with marks and remind of previous disasters for the population and agriculture.

  • The high water mark with the historically highest level was, with the year 1882, carved into a sandstone pillar and stood on the water side of the main dam behind the dam driveway of Ibersheim. At that time, the water at the Worms gauge was 822 cm on December 29, 1882. Because of the dam widening in 2003 at Rheindürkheim, Ibersheim and Hamm, this mark has been removed there.
  • The high water level of May 28, 1983 with 727 cm was hammered into a brass plate at the passage of the large land-side summer dam on Krippenweg. This water level ranks sixth after the levels of 1882, 1955, 1880, 1988, 1896 and 1983.

Dike clasp

At the local history museum there is a lock that was moved here from Wörth because it no longer had any function as flood protection at the original location. Now she reminds the village of the flood dangers at the point where the dam watch has to fill the sandbags.

Plaque

To protect the population, extensive dike renovation was carried out between 2003 and 2005, which was co-financed by the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Union . After this flood protection measure, the immediate population can feel safe from a possible flood of the century, but not from rising groundwater . The landside Bermenweg for dike maintenance is also part of the Rhine Cycle Route . A memorial plaque at the beginning of the cycle path to Hamm reminds of the major construction site at that time.

literature

  • Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette No. 48: Ordinance regarding the guarding of the Rhine embankments in case of high water, Darmstadt 1825, pp. 515-530.
  • Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner: Description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 2nd volume. Darmstadt 1830, p. 46
  • Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . 2. Dept. 1. Vol., Naumburg 1845, p. 699: Ibersheim, Ibersheimer Busch, Ibersheimer Wörth.
  • Adolf Trieb : Ibersheim am Rhein . Worms / Eppelsheim 1911, pp. 6–7, 44–46 and 149
  • 1200 years of Hamm am Rhein , contributions to the natural and cultural history of the village and its district 782–1982 . Hamm 1982
  • Udo Arnold : On the economic development of the Teutonic Order in the Middle Ages . Elwert, Marburg 1989, p. 82
  • Ministry for the Environment Rhineland-Palatinate: Planning of networked biotope systems, area Alzey-Worms and district-free city of Worms, 1999

cards

  • Johann Heinrich Haas (1758–1810): Military situation map (Haas' map) from 1799, part of Guntersblum, at: Hessisches Landesamt für Bodenmanagement und Geoinformation, Wiesbaden.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Delkeskamp : New panorama of the Rhine and its immediate surroundings from Speyer to Mainz , 1842; Printed by J. Back, Frankfurt a. M., reprinted by Nyloprint
  • Map of the Grand Duchy of Hesse 1: 50,000, 7 Worms, 1823-1840, Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, Wiesbaden
  • Aerial photo 1: 25,000, 6216 Gernsheim, flight April 1934, Hansa aerial photo , Hessian State Office for Soil Management, Wiesbaden
  • Aerial photo 1: 10.000, 6216 Gernsheim 8, flight July 9, 1982, Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, Wiesbaden
  • Aerial photo 1: 10.000, 6216 Gernsheim 8, flight August 30, 1985, Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, Wiesbaden
  • Topographic map 1: 10,000, 6216 Gernsheim SO, 1995, Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt, Wiesbaden
  • Topographic map 1: 25,000, 6216 Gernsheim, normal edition, Hessisches Landesamt für Bodenmanagement, Wiesbaden, ISBN 3-89446-160-8

See also

Web links

Commons : Ibersheimer Wörth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wörth is common on the Upper Rhine, Werth on the Middle and Lower Rhine. Hessen uses the designation Wörth, Rhineland-Palatinate on the other hand Werth.
  2. ↑ Area name: Rheinhessisches Rheingebiet, area no .: LSG 3.002_2
  3. ^ Dieter Arnold, Worms: Lecture February 8, 2011 in Hamm. Tour on site . In: Wormser Zeitung , February 17, 2011
  4. ^ Fritz Kehr, Ibersheimer Heimatforscher: Lecture. Mennonite entry . In: Wormser Zeitung , March 20, 1980
  5. ^ Adolf Trieb: Ibersheim am Rhein . Worms / Eppelsheim 1911, pp. 6-7
  6. ↑ Stadtverwaltung Worms, Urban Planning Office: Local development and local renewal in Worms-Ibersheim, September 1987, para. 1.3.2.2, p. 19.
  7. ↑ various documents on Ibersheim in the Hessian State Archives Darmstadt, Dept. A 2
  8. ↑ Hamm community: 1200 years of Hamm am Rhein, a brick maker remembers. 1982, pp. 495-501
  9. ^ Agricultural community encyclopedia for the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Darmstadt 1909, pp. 46–47
  10. ^ Adolf Trieb: Ibersheim am Rhein . Worms / Eppelsheim 1911, p. 149
  11. ↑ Hans Walter Rüdinger: Production and sale of fruit in the Rhine-Hessian growing area . Alzey 1939.
  12. ^ NABU excursion on May 15, 2011
  13. ^ Hermann Delp, chairman of the hunting society in the Ibersheim hunting district , February 11, 2011
  14. ↑ Horst Pirschel, on the board of NABU Worms and the surrounding area, there supervisor for Ibersheim, February 11, 2011
  15. ^ Wiegand Luckas, Chairman of the Angler Club 1970 Hamm , July 11, 2010
  16. ↑ nabu-worms.de ( Memento from September 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ^ The Altloch in Ibersheim, http://www.worms.de/de/kultur/stadtgeschichte/welten-sie-es/liste/2014_06_Altloch_Ibersheim.php
  18. ^ Wormser Zeitung of September 20, 2011: Species wealth on the Wörth, lecture by Wolfgang Reich, Lower Nature Conservation Authority
  19. ^ Adolf Trieb: Ibersheim am Rhein , 1911, total view of the Rhine, drawing by Hans Aulmann, Offenbach am Main, p. 145
  20. ↑ planet-wissen.de
  21. ↑ Joseph Franz Ockhardt: The Rhine on the length of its run ... Mainz 1816 S. 132nd
  22. ↑ Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette No. 48, December 21, 1825, pp. 515-530
  23. ↑ Small monuments in Worms-Ibersheim
  24. ↑ http://www.hochwasser-rlp.de/karte/einzelpegel/flussgebiet/rhein/teilgebiet/oberrhein/pegel/WORMS
  25. ↑ http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz84272.html
  26. ↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Myriametersteine_am_Rhein , No. 29

Coordinates: 49 ° 43 ′ 21.9 "  N , 8 ° 25 ′ 33.6"  E