Walldürn Jewish community

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The Jewish community in Walldürn in the Neckar-Odenwald district ( Baden-Württemberg ) was established in the Middle Ages and existed with a few interruptions until the time of National Socialism , when the last Jewish residents of Walldürn were deported in 1940.

history

Memorial for the Walldürner Jews deported to the Gurs concentration camp on October 22, 1940

The Jewish community of Walldürn already existed in the Middle Ages. The Jewish community of Walldürn was affected by the persecution of the Jews in 1298, 1335/37 and 1348/49 and went under during this time. From 1378 Jews lived in Walldürn again. However, these were expelled in 1470 with the other Jews of the Archbishopric Mainz. The emergence of a modern Jewish community in Walldürn goes back to the 18th century, as in the time around 1700 Jewish residents were again mentioned in Walldürn.

The Jewish community of Walldürn had its own synagogue , a Jewish religious school and a ritual bath . The community's dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Bödigheim . In 1827 the Jewish community of Walldürn was assigned to the Merchingen district rabbinate , which was later looked after by the district rabbi in Mosbach .

The number of Jewish community members in Walldürn developed as follows in the 19th and 20th centuries: 1825 (23 Jewish residents, 0.8% of a total of 2,798 residents of Walldürn), 1858 (37), 1864 (38), 1875 (25, 0.8% of 3,174 inhabitants), 1900 (14), 1921 (21), 1924 (23 Jewish inhabitants, 0.6% of a total of around 4,000 inhabitants of Walldürn), 1933 (19). After 1933, some of them left the city because of the Nazi reprisals. The increasing economic boycott of Jewish businesses as well as the increasing disenfranchisement and other reprisals ensured that Jewish residents of Walldürn moved away or emigrated. The last ten Jews were deported to Gurs concentration camp in 1940.

Of the Jewish people who were born in Walldürn or who lived in the city for a long time, the following twelve people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era : Elise Kahn b. Riselsheimer (1890), Hubert Kahn (1922), Irene Kahn (1924), Leopold Kahn (1885), Regine Kahn b. Zimmer (1867), Sitta Kahn (1925), Eduard Neuberger (1869), Emil Strauss (1860), David Zimmer (1896), Hugo Zimmer (1898), Leopold Zimmer (1901), Lydiazimmer b. Bloch (1898).

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Alemannia Judaica: Walldürn (Neckar-Odenwald district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Working group for research into the history of the Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas. Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  2. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  3. ↑ Information from "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945".

literature

Web links

Commons : Walldürn Jewish Community  - Collection of images, videos and audio files