Hardheim Jewish Community

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The Jewish community of Hardheim in Hardheim in the Neckar-Odenwald district ( Baden-Württemberg ) was founded in the Middle Ages and existed with interruptions until the time of National Socialism , when the last Jewish residents of Hardheim were deported in 1940.

history

Hardheim Jewish Community Cemetery

From the Middle Ages to the time of the Third Reich there was a Jewish community in Hardheim that had existed for over 600 years . In 1318 Jews were first mentioned in Hardheim, who were pawned by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian to the knights Werner and Reinhard von Hardheim. In 1349 there was also persecution of Jews in Hardheim during the plague. In 1451 Jews were mentioned again in the village.

The Jewish community in Hardheim had a prayer room , a religious school, a ritual bath and the Jewish cemetery in Hardheim . A separate religion teacher was employed, who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . Since 1827 the Jewish community in Hardheim belonged to the district rabbinate Wertheim (later represented by the district rabbinate Mosbach ).

The number of Jewish residents in Hardheim developed as follows in the 19th and 20th centuries: 1825 (76 Jewish residents, 4.0% of a total of 1,883 residents), 1875 (142, 6.8% of 2,084), 1880 (158 people , 6.7% of 2,345), 1895 (120, 5.6% of 2,141), 1900 (136, 6.4% of 2,116), 1910 (100, 4.6% of 2,156), 1924 (70 people, 3.2% of a total of around 2,200 inhabitants), 1933 (55 Jewish inhabitants left), 1940 (dissolution of the Jewish community).

From 1933 onwards, in the wake of National Socialism, there was increased reprisals and disenfranchisement as well as the economic boycott of Jewish businesses. In the years that followed, most members of the Jewish community moved away from Hardheim or emigrated. On October 22, 1940, the 17 Jews who remained in Hardheim were deported to Gurs , five of whom survived.

Of the Jewish people who were born in Hardheim or who lived in Hardheim for a long time, the following people can be shown to have died during the National Socialist era: Edith Billigheimer, Rika Billigheimer (1868), Rita Billigheimer (1902), Anna Cohn nee. Eschelbacher (1883), Rita Dillicheiner b. Urspringer (1902), Helene Eschelbacher (1863), Laura Eschelbacher (1888), Rosalie Frank b. Halle (1872), Sofie Freimark b. Eschelbacher (1873), Ernestine Halle (1888), Helene Halle (1890), Jeanette Halle b. Lehmann (1861), Moses Halle (1886), Frieda Hanft (1883), Selma Hanft (1881), Babette Hirsch b. Eschelbacher (1849), Ida de Jong b. Wertheimer (1900), Berta Kolb (), Dina Leyser b. Wertheimer (1896), Berta Reich b. Wertheimer (1892), Rosa Schlechter b. Sinsheimer (1878), Abraham Selig (1869), Lina Selig b. Frank (1875), Sara Simon b. Sinsheimer (1876), Sigmund Simon (1878), Ida Sinsheimer b. Stein (1876), Joseph Sinsheimer (1880), Julius Sinsheimer (1865), Fritz Springer (1915), Abraham Straus (1876), Alfred Straus (1910), Klara Straus (1875), Selma Urspringer b. Bonheim (1879), Ernstine Weichsel b. Halle (1877), Felix Wertheimer (1886), Helena Wertheimer (1894), Isak Wertheimer (1898), Julius Wertheimer (1887), Ida Wijngaard geb. Straus (1877).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Alemannia Judaica: Hardheim (Neckar-Odenwald district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  2. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  3. ↑ Information from "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945".

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online version ).
  • Joachim Hahn , Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 7–9.

Web links

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