Sennfeld Jewish community

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A Jewish community in Sennfeld , a district of the city ​​of Adelsheim in the Neckar-Odenwald district ( Baden-Württemberg ), evidently came into being in the 18th century.

history

Jews had probably already settled in Sennfeld and the surrounding area in the 14th century after Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian allowed the brothers Poppo and Beringer von Adelsheim to take in Jewish families in 1338 .

Profane synagogue in Sennfeld

In 1718 seven Jews are named as subjects of the Lords of Berlichingen in Sennfeld. For a long time, the Jews of Sennfeld lived almost exclusively from trading cattle, horses and grain. The Jewish community in Sennfeld had had a synagogue since the 18th century . The synagogue, built in 1835/36, contained a ritual bath ( mikveh ), a classroom for the Jewish school and a teacher's apartment. Since 1827 the community has belonged to the District Rabbinate Merchingen . The Sennfeld Jews had their burial first at the Bödigheimer Verbandsfriedhof , before the Sennfeld Jewish cemetery was established in 1884 in a clearing outside Sennfeld , where Jews from Korb were also buried. After the dissolution of the Jewish community in Korb in 1903, the Jewish residents living there also belonged to the Jewish community in Sennfeld.

The war memorial in the Jewish cemetery lists seven of the Sennfeld Jewish community who died in the First World War .

There were several Jewish associations: the poor association, which was responsible for welfare, a local branch of the Central Association and a cemetery association.

The following are known of former commercial and industrial establishments owned by Jewish families until 1933: Butcher Ferdinand Falk (Hauptstrasse 45, demolished; former slaughterhouse is used as a warehouse), Butcher's Schmai Falk (Schlossstrasse 6), shoemaker Isaak Hamburg (Hauptstrasse 43 ), Bakery and matzo sales Leopold Kaufmann (until 1924, Hauptstraße 44), horse dealership Maier Levi (Hauptstraße 26), grain and cattle dealership with agriculture Siegfried Levi (Hauptstraße 38), cattle dealership and agriculture Adolf Neuberger (Hauptstraße 55), cattle dealership and agriculture Isaak Neuberger (Hauptstraße 60), Sally Neumann butcher (Bahnhofstraße 2), grain wholesaler Karl Reiss (Hauptstraße 61), cattle shop with agriculture Salomon Neuberger (Kirchgasse 2), cattle shop with agriculture Isaak Thalheimer (Hauptstraße 37) . (from: alemannia judaica)

Community development

year Parishioners
1718 7 families
1825 96 people, 9.8% of the population
1855 94 people
1875 121 people, 9.7% of the population
1895 124 people, 10.1% of the population
1900 114 people, 10.6% of the population
1925 72 people
1933 56 people
1940 22 people

time of the nationalsocialism

Hachshara

From 1936 to 1939 there was a Hachschara in Sennfeld, d. H. an agricultural property for preparing boys and girls for emigration to Palestine . On this teaching material, young people from all over Germany were given practical and theoretical knowledge in agriculture. They also received instruction in Hebrew , sociology , Jewish history, and other subjects.

persecution

During the November pogrom in 1938 , the interior of the synagogue was destroyed and the agricultural teaching material and Jewish apartments were devastated by SA men. The Jewish residents were mistreated.

By 1940, 29 Jewish citizens of Sennfeld had emigrated to the USA , Palestine and other countries.

On October 22, 1940, the last 21 Jewish residents of Sennfeld were deported to the Gurs camp as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 23 Jewish citizens born in Sennfeld who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

Commemoration

On November 9, 1991, a memorial plaque was attached to the secular synagogue with the following text: This historical building was the synagogue of the Jewish community in Sennfeld from 1836 to 1938, which had existed here since the 17th century. The interior was completely destroyed in 1938 under the National Socialist tyranny. In 1940 the last 21 Jewish citizens were deported to Gurs. As a reminder to you - as a permanent reminder to fight against injustice and to respect human dignity .

literature

  • Rüdiger Scholz: From the history of the Jewish community in Sennfeld . In: Unser Land , Heidelberg 1994, pp. 45–49.
  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).
  • Joachim Hahn , Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , ( Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4), pp. 7–9.

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Sennfeld  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved May 3, 2010.