Adelsheim Jewish community

Memorial stone at the Jakobskirche for the last nine Jewish fellow citizens of Adelsheim, who were deported to Gurs on October 22, 1940

A Jewish community in Adelsheim , a town in the Neckar-Odenwald district in the north of Baden-Württemberg , already existed in the Middle Ages .

history

In 1338 Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian allowed the brothers Poppo and Beringer von Adelsheim to take in four Jewish families in their area . Only then again in 1690 four Jewish families in Adelsheim are documented proven. The Jewish community had four at this time to the Lords of Adelsheim year Gulden pay to the Sabbath worship services to be able to keep.

When all Jews in Baden had to adopt hereditary family names in 1809, the five heads of the Adelsheim Jews took on the following names: Alexander, Bieringer, Billigheimer, Hahn and May. In the middle of the 19th century, Jewish residents ran a brandy distillery , a manufactory, and a woolen store . a butcher and cattle shop and the Gasthaus Zur Rose . The Jewish community in Adelsheim had a religious school and a ritual bath ( mikveh ). She buried her dead in the Jewish cemetery in Bödigheim and later in the cemetery in Sennfeld . The Jewish community had employed a teacher who was both a prayer leader and a shochet . The community belonged to the district rabbinate Merchingen .

synagogue

The Jewish community of Adelsheim had a synagogue at Turmgasse 27 from the middle of the 19th century until 1889. The building was demolished in the 1960s.

In 1889/90 a new synagogue was built on Tanzbergstrasse / corner of Untere Austrasse .

During the November pogroms on November 10, 1938, the interior of the synagogue was destroyed and the Torah scrolls were publicly burned.

The synagogue building became the property of the city of Adelsheim in 1939. Since the 1950s the building has housed the milk collection point and a warehouse for the agricultural cooperative. In the summer of 1977 the building was demolished.

In 2005 a memorial plaque was put up.

Community development

year	Parishioners
1690	4 families
1825	41 people, 3% of the population
1855	53 people
1880	64 people, 4% of the population
1885	70 people
1900	58 people, 3.6% of the population
1925	27 people
1933	33 people

National Socialist Persecution

Due to the persecution during the National Socialism , around 20 people emigrated by 1940 .

On October 22, 1940, the last eight Jewish citizens living in Adelsheim were deported to Gurs as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign : Max and Berta Alexander, Heinrich and Ernestine Goldschmidt, Adolf and Katharina Rosenfeld, Adolf and Bona Schorsch. Of these, only Adolf Schorsch survived, who was able to emigrate to the USA in 1941 . The others died in camps in the south of France or were deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 11 Jewish citizens who lived in Adelsheim and who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

literature

• Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).
• Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 2007, pp. 5–6, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4)

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Adelsheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Jewish community of Adelsheim near Alemannia Judaica

Individual evidence

1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved May 3, 2010.