Leiningerland

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Leiningerland (top right, outlined in light blue)
Catchment areas of Eckbach (below) and Eisbach (above)

The Leiningerland , more rarely also called Leininger Land , is a historical landscape in the Palatinate ( Rhineland-Palatinate ). It is named after what used to be the most important noble family in the area, the Leiningers .

With effect from 1 January 2018, the Association of municipalities arose from the voluntary association Green urban-rural and Hettenleidelheim the municipality Leiningerland . It does not include the entire Leiningerland, but the largest part of it in terms of area.

geography

location

The Leiningerland is located in the northeast of the Palatinate, mainly in the Bad Dürkheim district in the Upper Palatinate . It stretches for a good 20 km from southwest to northeast, roughly from the Ramsen - Carlsberg connection line to the Bockenheim - Dirmstein line ; the width is around 8 km. It includes large parts of the community of Leiningerland and the city of Grünstadt . The area around the town of Eisenberg , which today belongs to the Donnersberg district and is therefore part of the Northern Palatinate , is also to be counted as part of the historical Leiningerland . The total area of ​​the Leiningerland is almost 200 km². The altitude ranges from almost 400  m above sea level. NHN in the west to around 100  m in the east.

Surface shape

The landscape is not designed uniformly, but has a share in three geological formations, namely low mountain range , rift valley and lowland . The Leiningerland stretches from the northeastern foothills of the Palatinate Forest in the west over the northern part of the German Wine Route near Grünstadt to Dirmstein in the east, where the vineyards merge into the Rhine plain . The village of Dirmstein itself, which is now part of the Leiningerland, was never owned by the Leininger people.

Climate and soil

Depending on the altitude of the parts of the area, the climate is also different - from temperate and humid in the low mountain range to mild and dry in the lowlands. The soils in the area of ​​the fracture step benefit from fertile loess deposits , in which steep walls have been created by erosion , which are classified as natural monuments and biotopes .

Waters

The Leiningerland is drained from southwest to northeast through the upper and middle reaches of two western, left tributaries of the Rhine ; the Eckbach flows in the south and the Eisbach in the north. The Krumbach , a right tributary of the Eckbach from the low mountain range Leininger Sporn , has the special feature that it disappears underground several times on its course, only to emerge a section below.

history

In the Middle Ages , the Eckbach was called Leinbach , which refers to the so-called Leinbaum. At that time, both the Norway maple and the summer linden were called in the area , two tree species that were common on the banks of the Eckbach. However, the main difference between the two is the shape of the leaves: maple leaves are five-lobed, linden leaves are undivided. The coat of arms of the Leiningen family, the presumably Franconian noble family from the upper Eckbach area , shows a stylized tree whose leaves - like the five-pointed flowers - clearly indicate a linden tree. The people of Leiningen should have named their ancestral castle after the old name of the brook: Leiningen , today Altleiningen ; from her in turn the name of the family was derived. This goes back to at least the early 12th century - to Count Emich II († before 1138). It is not certain, but it is probable that his predecessor Emich I (named 1117 and 1128) was also his father. Numerous communities in the near and far surroundings bear the silver Leininger eagle in their coat of arms .

  • Main coat of arms of the Leininger according to GHdA

  • Friedrich I († 1220) as a minstrel

  • County of Leiningen and the surrounding area (1793/94)

  • Hour column , 2nd half of the 19th century

The most important rulers in the area apart from the Leiningers were the Electors of the Palatinate and the Prince-Bishops of Worms until modern times . The French troops under General Mélac caused great damage during the War of the Palatinate Succession (1689–1697). The Leiningerland was also strongly influenced by the Bavarian administration of the Palatinate, which lasted from 1816 until after the end of the Second World War . From 1818 onwards, most of the municipalities in the area belonged to the later district of Frankenthal (which was initially called Landkommissariat and then District Office ), until it was dissolved in 1969 as part of the Rhineland-Palatinate administrative reform. The western part, essentially formed by the Leiningerland, was added to the newly created Bad Dürkheim district. The area is rural; the largest communities in the Leiningerland are the cities of Grünstadt (around 13,000 inhabitants) and Eisenberg (around 9,000).

Sights and culture

Attractions

Buildings

The castles of Altleiningen above the village of the same name and - 5 km to the northeast - Neuleiningen in the middle of the village of the same name remind of the noble family of Leiningen . Both castles have been partially restored. A youth hostel , an open-air swimming pool in the former moat and the "professional amateur theater" of the Altleiningen Castle are now integrated into Altleiningen Castle . Neuleiningen Castle is home to a museum called the Museum in the Castle Tower , which is about local history. Remains of other Leininger castles are preserved in Battenberg , where there is a castle of the same name , and in Bockenheim with the Emichsburg .

In the Altleiningen district of Höningen , various components of the Augustinian canons of St. Peter and the former Höningen Latin school as well as the Romanesque church of St. Jacob have been preserved from the Middle Ages . The historic Alte Pfarrey is located in Neuleiningen and is now one of the leading Palatinate restaurants.

The Laurentiuskirche in Dirmstein is a special gem of Baroque architecture . It was built from 1742 to 1746 by Franz Rothermel according to modified plans by the famous church builder Balthasar Neumann as a two- church that unites places of worship for Catholics and Protestants under one roof . Close by are three restored castle-like mansions, the Sturmfedersche , the Koeth-Wanscheidsche and the Quadtsche Castle , as well as two English gardens, the castle park and the cellar garden . The city of Grünstadt and the communities of Großkarlbach and Neuleiningen also impress with their picturesque town centers with numerous half-timbered buildings . The crucifix by Tilman Riemenschneider is artistically very valuable , because of its great value it can only be seen as a copy in the Neuleiningen St. Nicholas Church . The church, in turn, is a monument in itself.

Other sights

In the Leiningerland lies the upper reaches of the Eisbach with the partially natural ice valley. The main attractions are the 6-hectare reservoir of Eiswoogs that bridges the regional Eis Valley Railway , which Stumpfwaldbahn , as museum narrow gauge railway carries tourists through the forest, as well as Eisenberg the excavation site of the Roman Vicus and the conservation area earth Kaut . Especially in the communities on the middle course of the Eisbach there are several old church buildings from the Romanesque and Gothic periods .

Museums

In addition to the mill museum in Großkarlbach, there is also the Hettenleidelheim local history museum (clay mining), the Quirnheim technology museum (two-wheelers), the museum in the castle tower of the Historisches Neuleiningen foundation (castle history, earthenware production , picture gallery of the local painter Simon Conradi ), which is run by the museum at the Münze (also in Neuleiningen) is added, and the museum in the old town hall Grünstadt (Leininger counts, earthenware production, brewing art , pictures by Johann Adam Schlesinger ) is worth a visit. The Protestant church in Eisenberg is not a museum, but a showcase in its entrance area shows the so-called incorruptible hand , around which an old legend is entwined.

Palatinate dialect

The Leiningerland belongs to the Palatinate-speaking area . In the villages in the far west, the variant 52-ACB-dec ( Palatinate-Bergländisch ) of the West Palatinate dialect group is spoken. The population in the area west and east of the German Wine Route uses the variants 52-ACB-dfb ( Haardtgebirgisch ) and - in the far east - 52-ACB-dfd ( Ludwigshafenerisch ), which are part of the dialect group of the Upper Palatinate .

Bockenheim , which is located at the northern end of the German Wine Route, was the first community in the Palatinate to promote the return to the Palatinate dialect shortly after the Second World War . The Palatinate dialect poet contest, launched in 1953, has been held in Bockenheim every October since then. In 1978 the Bockenheimer Dialect Days were added as a supplementary event , which take place annually on a weekend in spring.

Regular events

Celebrations around the wine

The central and eastern part of the Leiningerland is strongly characterized by viticulture , the vineyards belong to the Palatinate wine-growing region . During the warm months there is a festival somewhere almost every weekend - be it a fair , kerwe or wine festival . The best known nationwide is probably the Kändelgassenfest in Großkarlbach. The Burg Wine Festival in Neuleiningen also attracts numerous foreign visitors.

Wine Countess of the Leiningerland

Every year since 1950, the Leiningerland wine countess has been elected, who will represent the region at events and festivals over the following twelve months. The office - until 1985/86 under the name Weingräfin der Unterhaardt - was created in memory of the crafty Countess Eva (1481–1543), who is said to have saved Neuleiningen Castle from destruction by rebellious farmers during the Peasants' War in 1525. One of the wine countesses, Sylvia Benzinger , later became (2004) Palatine and (2005) German Wine Queen . Before her (1998), wine countess Eva Wendel had already won the election as Palatinate Wine Queen.

Day of action for pedestrians and cyclists

Every year at the beginning of October - usually on the Day of German Unity - the “Car-Free Ice Valley” day of action attracts numerous visitors to the region. The state road  395, which leads from Grünstadt-Asselheim through the Eistal to Enkenbach , is closed to all motorized traffic for one Sunday and is only available for pedestrians, usually hikers, and cyclists.

marathon

In even years, the Bad Dürkheim district has been organizing the German Wine Road marathon with half marathon and duo marathon since 1998 . Start and finish is at the house of the German Wine Route in Bockenheim, the routes mostly lead through the Leiningerland. Around 1,000 people regularly take part in the marathon and around 2,000 people in the half marathon. In 2014, 657 men and 162 women finished the main run; Participants from Ethiopia and Kenya landed in the top places .

music

The Kirchheim concert winter has been taking place in the Protestant St. Andrew's Church in Kirchheim since 1990 . The founder and artistic director is the bass baritone and Bach Prize winner Dominik Wörner , the focus of the concert series is on early music . The historic castle courtyard of Neuleiningen forms the backdrop for the open-air events of the Neuleiningen castle summer every year .

The Leiningerland Band is a music project by Uwe Martin that has been giving free jazz concerts every last Friday of the month at several locations in Leiningerland since 2012. The line-up of the band changes from appearance to appearance. The guests, all of whom are professional musicians, often only get to know each other without prior rehearsal by improvising on jazz and fusion classics; the audience experiences this ever-new process as a premiere every time. The drummer makes a “constant noise” over the music of his guests, thus ensuring continuity and giving the band project, in which over 50 musicians played over time, the typical sound. Over 200 recordings can now be found on YouTube.

Hiking trails

Eckbach mill hiking trail

The Eckbach-Mühlenwanderweg , created in 1997 on the initiative of the Kleinkarlbach mill researcher Wolfgang Niederhöfer , leads over 23 km along the Eckbach and past 23 former mills from southwest to northeast through the Leiningerland. In 2007, the Leiningerland Mill Museum was opened in the Großkarlbacher Dorfmühle . The 20-tube well in Altleiningen is significant in terms of water technology and is fed from a tunnel that was driven deep into the rock around 1600 to supply the castle. Today the well provides most of the water for the upper Eckbach.

Leininger Burgenweg

The 22 km long Leininger Burgenweg runs to the left over the valley of the Eckbach upstream from the castle and wine village of Neuleiningen to the hamlet of Nackterhof , crosses the Eckbach and reaches the starting point again on the right across its valley and crossing again. It is named after the three Leininger castles Neuleiningen, Altleiningen and Battenberg.

Leininger Klosterweg

The 16 km long Leininger Klosterweg has been connecting the former monasteries of Höningen and Hertlingshausen since 2015 and presents other regional sights along the way.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Google query for the spelling “leiningerland” / “leininger land” around 9: 1, October 17, 2015.
  2. ↑ a b c Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
  3. ↑ Derivation from a proper name, which is why the orthography actually requires a summary.
  4. ↑ Wilhem Volkert, Richard Bauer (Ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . C. H. Beck, Munich 1983, p. 43, 97 .
  5. ↑ a b Official municipality directory 2006 ( Memento from December 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (= State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 393 ). Bad Ems March 2006, p. 158 (PDF; 2.6 MB). Info: An up-to-date directory ( 2016 ) is available, but in the section "Territorial changes - Territorial administrative reform" it does not give any population figures.  
  6. ↑ a b Leiningerland - Museum in the Castle Tower. (No longer available online.) Kulturland.rlp.de, archived from the original on March 7, 2016 ; Retrieved October 18, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kulturland.rlp.de
  7. ^ A b David Dalby: The Linguasphere Register of the world's languages ​​and speech communities . Linguasphere Press, Hebron (Wales) 2000, ISBN 0-9532919-1-X , pp. 430 (English).
  8. ↑ Castle Wine Festival Neuleiningen. burg-weinfest.de, accessed on October 17, 2015 .
  9. ↑ a b Gerhard Laubersheimer: The story of the wine countesses in the Leiningerland. (PDF; 243.67 kB) The wine countess has existed in the Leiningerland since 1950. gruenstadt.de, May 10, 2017, accessed on February 18, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Paul Münch: The Countess Eva vun Neileininge. Neuleiningen parish, accessed on August 25, 2015 (dialect poem).
  11. ↑ "An experience for everyone". (PDF; 2.6 MB) Results list 2014 marathon. frielingsdorf-datenservice.de, April 10, 2014, accessed on August 25, 2015 .
  12. ↑ Neuleininger Castle Summer. burgsommer-neuleiningen.de, accessed on October 17, 2015 .
  13. ↑ MarUwe10. Retrieved February 23, 2017 .
  14. ↑ Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land, Wolfgang Niederhöfer (Ed.): Inauguration of the Mühlenwanderweg on October 12, 1997 . Festschrift. Grünstadt and Kleinkarlbach 1997.
  15. ↑ Mill Museum "Old Village Mill". Großkarlbach community, accessed on 23 August 2015 .
  16. ↑ The 20-tube fountain. (No longer available online.) Altleiningen community, archived from the original on August 10, 2015 ; accessed on August 23, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.altleiningen.de
  17. ↑ Leininger Burgenweg - Directions. (PDF; 33.5 kB) Leiningerland - The Gate to the Palatinate, accessed on August 20, 2015 .
  18. ↑ The Leininger Klosterweg. (PDF; 26.9 kB) Leiningerland - The Gate to the Palatinate, accessed on August 20, 2015 .